Iyo Arctic: Nharaunda yeKusawirirana Kweramangwana kana Kubatana

Vhiki rino chikepe chekutanga chekufamba nechikepe chakatanga rwendo rwekupfuura-Arctic, pamwe chete nemisoro yenhau yaizivisa mwero wakaderera weaizi yegungwa reArctic yakanyorwa mumakore 125 apfuura. Kufamba kwemavhiki matatu kunoda kusvetuka kukuru panguva dzakanakisa — muArctic, zvaida mwedzi yekuronga nekubvunzana neUS Coast Guard nemamwe masangano ehurumende. Kunze kwemhedzisiro yekusvibiswa kweruzha uye zvimwe zvinokanganisa, zvikepe zvekufamba hazviratidzike senyaya inogona kuunza mhirizhonga mune ramangwana semvura yeArctic inodziya - asi kufungidzira kupokana uye kutsvaga kuigadzirisa kumberi ndicho chimwe chezvinangwa zveArctic Council. . Ndakabvunza nhengo yedu yeBhodi Bill Eichbaum uyo ari nyanzvi munyaya dzeArctic uye akashanda nesimba muArctic Council maitiro kuti ataure zvaanofunga.

Mark J. spalding

Pakati pezvakanyanya kukonzeresa kudziya kwepasi kushanduka kweArctic, kusanganisira kunyungudika kusati kwamboitika kweaizi nesinou, kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo yezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana pasi rose uye kutyisidzira kwemazana emakore emararamiro evanhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, sezvo Arctic inowedzera kuwanikwa uye nyota yepasi rose yezviwanikwa ichienderera mberi, pane kumhanyisa kushandisa zviwanikwa zvedunhu.

Vezvenhau vane mukurumbira vanga vachida kusimudza fungidziro yekukonana kunobvira pakati penyika sezvo iri fungu idzva rekushandisa zviwanikwa riri kuwedzera. Izvi zviri kunetsa zvakanyanya sezvo kunetsana kwawedzera pakati penyika dzeNATO neRussia pamusoro peUkraine nedzimwe nyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika. Uye, kutaura zvazviri, kune akati wandei mienzaniso yenyika dzeArctic dziri kuwedzera kuvapo kwemauto munzvimbo dzadzo dzeArctic.

Nekudaro, ini ndinotenda kuti Arctic haigone kuputika munzvimbo itsva yekunetsana sezvo nyika dziri kutsvaga kusimudzira zviwanikwa zvayo. Zvakapesana, kune mashoma mashoma emakakatanwa pamusoro penzvimbo chaiyo ine akanyanya kukosha anosanganisira chete Canada neUnited States neDenmark. Uyezve, zvakataurwa nevaRussia zvakawanda pamusoro peArctic Ocean pasi pegungwa ndezvimwe zviri kuedza kuitwa nenyika dzakawanda dzeArctic kuti dzitaurewo saizvozvo. Izvi zvese zviri pasi pekutsunga uye kugadziriswa zvinoenderana nezviga zveUN Convention paMutemo weGungwa. Zvinoshamisa kuti kutadza kweUnited States kubvuma gungano iri kunoreva kuti isu hatigone kuzadzisa zvirevo zvakadaro.

Nekune rimwe divi, kunyangwe nzvimbo inosvikika yeArctic icharamba iri nzvimbo ine ngozi uye yakaoma yekuita mabasa akaomarara ehupfumi. Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana izvi zvinoreva kushandira pamwe kwehurumende mukutonga kwakakosha kupa hwaro hwekuti basa rakadaro rifambire mberi nenzira inochengetedza nharaunda, magariro uye hupfumi.   

Kubva 1996, Iyo Arctic Council inoumbwa nenyika sere dzeArctic, vatori vechikamu zvachose vanomiririra vanhu veko, uye vacherechedzi vanga vari nzvimbo yekusimudzira sainzi inodiwa kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Pasi pehutungamiriri hweHurumende yeUS, parizvino Sachigaro weKanzuru, Boka reTask riri kufunga matanho akasimba ekuvimbisa kuti zvakakurudzirwa neKanzuru zvaitwa. Mune a pepa pekupedzisira rakabudiswa neThe Polar Record I rakataura nyaya dzakakosha kusimbisa hutongi hweArctic, kunyanya munzvimbo dzemugungwa. Panguva ino nyika dzeArctic, kusanganisira Russia, dziri kutsvaga nzira dzekuwana kushandira pamwe kwakadaro.

Zhizha rino chikepe chevashanyi chine vanopfuura chiuru chiri kuyambuka Canadian arctic, kusanganisira nemumakungwa apo chikepe chimwe mugumi chekukura uku chakanyura munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvichida kuti vatakurwi nevashandi vose vabudiswe. Mushure mezhizha ra2012 Shell yakabvisa remangwana rekuongorora hydrocarbon muBering neChukchi Seas zvichitevera tsaona dzakawanda uye kupotsa-nhanho, asi budiriro inoenderera kune imwe nzvimbo muArctic. Kunyange iye zvino, ngarava dzemvura dziri kure dziri kuramba dzichienda kuchamhembe dzichitsvaka hove. Kunze kwekunge nyika dzeArctic dzikagadzira nzira dzakasimba dzekushandira pamwe pakutonga kwedunhu, izvi nezvimwe zviitiko zvichave zvinoparadza zvisikwa sezvakaitika kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Nekubatana kwakasimba, vanogona kuchengetedzwa kwete chete kune zviwanikwa zvedunhu asiwo kune vanhu veArctic.