Sangano reSoutheast Asia Nations 'Basa muOcean Issues

Pana January 28, ndakasvika muManila, dzimbahwe rePhilippines, rimwe remaguta 16 anoumba “Metro Manila,” nharaunda ine vanhu vakawanda zvikurusa munyika yose—inosvika chiverengero chavagari vapasi chinofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 17 masikati, vanenge 1. /6 yehuwandu hwenyika. Yakanga iri yangu yekutanga kushanya kuManila uye ndakafara nezvekusangana nevakuru vehurumende nevamwe kutaura nezve ASEAN nebasa rayo munyaya dzegungwa. ASEAN (The Association of Southeast Asian Nations) isangano redunhu rekutengeserana nekusimudzira upfumi rine nyika gumi dziri nhengo dzinoshanda pamwe chete kusimudzira zvimiro zvehutongi hwakafanana kuvandudza kusimba kwehupfumi nemagariro edunhu rose. Nyika imwe neimwe iri nhengo ndiyo sachigaro kwegore—munhevedzano yearufabheti.

Muna 2017, Philippines inotevera Laos kuve sachigaro weASEAN kwegore. Hurumende yePhilippine inoda kushandisa zvakanyanya mukana wayo. “Nekudaro, kuti ndigadzirise chikamu chegungwa, iyo Foreign Service Institute (muDhipatimendi Rezvekune dzimwe nyika) neBiodiversity Management Bureau (muDhipatimendi Rezvakatipoteredza neZviwanikwa) yakandikoka kuti nditore chikamu muchirongwa chekuronga nerutsigiro kubva kuAsia Foundation. (pasi perubatsiro kubva kuUS Department of State). Chikwata chedu chenyanzvi chaisanganisira Cheryl Rita Kaur, anove mukuru weCentre For Coastal & Marine Environment, Maritime Institute of Malaysia, uye Dr. Liana Talaue-McManus, Project Manager weTransboundary Waters Assessment Program, UNEP. Dr. Talaue-McManus anobvawo kuPhilippine uye inyanzvi padunhu iri. Kwemazuva matatu, takapa mazano uye takatora chikamu mu "Semina-Workshop yeCoastal and Marine Environment Protection uye Basa reASEAN muna 2017," nevatungamiri kubva kumasangano akawanda kuti vakurukure mikana yehutungamiri hwePhilippine paASEAN kuchengetedzwa kwemahombekombe negungwa. 

Sangano reSoutheast Asia Nations (ASEAN) rave kuda kupemberera 50th Anniversary.  Nhengo dzeNyika: Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, uye Vietnam    

Nharaunda yeMarine Biodiversity  
Vanhu 625 miriyoni vemarudzi gumi eASEAN vanotsamira pagungwa repasi rose rine hutano, nedzimwe nzira kupfuura mamwe matunhu mazhinji epasi. ASEAN territorial waters inoumba nzvimbo yakapetwa katatu nzvimbo yepasi. Pamwe chete vanowana chikamu chikuru cheGDP yavo kubva pakuredza (yemuno nemakungwa epamusoro) uye kushanya, uye zvishoma kubva mukurima kwemvura kunoshandiswa mudzimba uye kunze kwenyika. Tourism, indasitiri inokura nekukurumidza munyika zhinji dzeASEAN, inotsamira pamhepo yakachena, mvura yakachena, uye mahombekombe ane hutano. Zvimwe zviitiko zvemugungwa zvedunhu zvinosanganisira kutumira kunze kwenyika zvekurima nezvimwe zvigadzirwa, pamwe nekugadzira simba uye kunze kwenyika.

Nharaunda yeASEAN inosanganisira Coral Triangle, nzvimbo ine mamiriyoni matanhatu masikweya kilometa yemvura yomunzvimbo dzinopisa inogara marudzi 6 pa7 ekamba dzomugungwa uye marudzi anopfuura 2,000 15 ehove. Zvose zvataurwa, dunhu rine 33% yekugadzirwa kwehove pasi rose, 34% yemafuro egungwa, 35% yecoral reef cover, uye 2.3% yenzvimbo yepasi rose mangrove. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvitatu zviri kuderera. Nemhaka yezvirongwa zvokusimazve miti, masango emiti yemimango ari kuwedzera—izvo zvichabatsira kudzikamisa mhenderekedzo dzegungwa uye kuwedzera basa rokuredza. Ingori XNUMX% yenzvimbo yakakura yegungwa inotungamirwa senzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa (MPAs) - izvo zvinoita kuti zviome kudzivirira kuwedzera kuderera kwehutano hwezviwanikwa zvegungwa.

Zvinotyisa
Kutyisidzirwa kwehutano hwegungwa kubva kumabasa evanhu munharaunda kwakafanana neaya anowanikwa munzvimbo dzemahombekombe pasi rose, kusanganisira zvinokonzerwa nekabhoni emissions. Kuwedzeredza budiriro, kubata hove, kugona kushomeka kwekuisa mitemo inopikisa kutengeswa kwevanhu, mhuka dziri munjodzi, kuredza zvisiri pamutemo uye kumwe kutengeserana kwemhuka dzesango kusiri pamutemo, uye kushomeka kwezvekushandisa kugadzirisa marara nezvimwe zvinodiwa.

Pamusangano uyu, Dr. Taulaue-McManus vakashuma kuti dunhu iri zvakare riri panjodzi huru yekukwira kwegungwa, izvo zvine chekuita nekuisa zvivakwa zvemahombekombe emarudzi ese. Musanganiswa wetembiricha yepamusoro, mvura yakadzika, uye kuchinja kwemakemikari emugungwa kunoisa hupenyu hwese hwemugungwa mudunhu iri panjodzi-kuchinja nzvimbo yezvipenyu uye kukanganisa mararamiro evabati vehove nevanorarama nazvo uye avo vanotsamira pakushanya kwekunyura, semuenzaniso.

zvinodiwa
Kugadzirisa kutyisidzira uku, vatori vechikamu vemusangano vakaratidza kudiwa kwekutonga kwekuderedza njodzi, kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kuderedza kusvibiswa uye kutonga kwemarara. ASEAN inoda mitemo yakadai yekugovera kushandiswa, kukurudzira hupfumi hwakasiyana, kudzivirira kukuvadza (kuvanhu, kunzvimbo dzekugara, kana kunharaunda), uye kutsigira kugadzikana nekuisa mberi kukosha kwenguva refu pane kuwana kwenguva pfupi.

Kune kutyisidzira kwekunze kwekubatana kwedunhu kubva kune zvematongerwo enyika/kunetsana nedzimwe nyika, kusanganisira kutengeserana kutsva kwakachinja uye marongero epasi rose ehutongi hutsva hweUS. Panewo maonero epasi rose ekuti nyaya dzekubiwa kwevanhu hadzisi kunyatsogadziriswa mudunhu iri.

Kwatove nekuedza kwakanaka kwedunhu pakubata hove, kutengeserana mhuka dzesango, nenzvimbo dzemanyoro. Dzimwe nyika dzeASEAN dzakanaka pakutumira uye dzimwe paMPAs. Malaysia, sachigaro yapfuura, yakatanga chirongwa cheASEAN Strategic Plan on the Environment (ASPEN) icho chinotaridzawo kugadzirisa izvi zvinodiwa senzira yekufambira mberi nehutongi hwematunhu egungwa kuitira budiriro yakadzikama.  

Saizvozvo, idzi 10 ASEAN nyika, pamwe nenyika dzese dzichange dzichitsanangura hupfumi hutsva hwebhuruu "huchashandisa makungwa, makungwa uye zviwanikwa zvemugungwa" (paUN Sustainable Development Goal 14, inova musoro wenyaya. musangano wepasi rose wemazuva mazhinji muna Chikumi). Nekuti, chakakosha ndechekuti panofanirwa kuve nemutemo uye zvemitemo maturusi ekutonga hupfumi hwebhuruu, bhuruu (kukura) budiriro, uye hupfumi hwegungwa hwechinyakare kutiendesa kuhukama hwakasimba negungwa. 

Kusangana Nezvinodiwa neOcean Governance
Kutonga kwegungwa ndiyo hurongwa hwemitemo uye masangano anoedza kuronga nzira iyo isu vanhu tinobatana nayo kumahombekombe negungwa; kururamisa uye kudzikisira kuwedzera kushandiswa kwevanhu kwezvirongwa zvemugungwa. Kubatana kwehurongwa hwese hwemugungwa kunoda kudyidzana pakati penyika dzemumahombekombe egungwa dzeASEAN uye nenharaunda dzepasirese kunzvimbo dziri kunze kwekutonga kwenyika pamwe chete nezvezviwanikwa zvinofarirwa zvakafanana.  

Uye, ndeapi marudzi emitemo anozadzisa zvinangwa izvi? Idzo dzinotsanangura misimboti yakajairwa yekujeka, kusimba uye kubatana, kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakakosha kutsigira zviitiko zvehupfumi, kutonga zvakakodzera mwaka, geographic, uye zvipenyu zvinodiwa, pamwe nekuona kuwirirana nezvinangwa zvepasirese, dunhu, nyika, uye zvepasi rose zvehupfumi nemagariro. . Kugadzira mapurisa nemazvo, ASEAN inofanirwa kunzwisisa zvainazvo uye mashandisirwo ayo; kusagadzikana kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, tembiricha yemvura, chemistry, uye kudzika; uye zvinodiwa zvenguva refu zvekugadzikana uye rugare. Masayendisiti anogona kuunganidza uye kuchengeta data uye yekutanga uye kuchengetedza masisitimu ekutarisa anogona kuenderera nekufamba kwenguva uye ari pachena uye anogona kutamiswa.

Izvi zvinotevera kurudziro yemisoro uye madingindira ekushandira pamwe kubva mumusangano uyu we2017 zvinosanganisira zvinobvira zvinhu zvakakosha zveyakarongwa ASEAN Leaders'Statement paMaritime Security Cooperation uye Marine Environment Protection uye/kana zvinokwanisika zvinotungamirwa nePhilippine pakuchengetedza nharaunda yegungwa kwe2017 uye mberi:

The Topics

MPAs uye MPANs
ASEAN Heritage Parks
Carbon Emissions
Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze
Ocean Acidization
Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana
Habitat
Mhuka dzinotama
Kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango
Maritime Cultural Heritage
ushanyi
Aquaculture
Fishing
Kodzero Dzevanhu
IUU
Seafloor 
Seabed mining
Cables
Kutumira / Vese traffic

The Themes

Kuvandudzwa kwesimba redunhu
kuenderera
Kuchengetedza
Protection
Kuderedza
kwadzakabva
Transparency
Kuchengetedza
Hupenyu
Kubatanidzwa kweASEAN mutemo / kuenderera pakati pehurumende
Kuziva kuderedza kusaziva
Kugovana ruzivo / Dzidzo / Kusvika
Zvakajairwa ongororo / mabhenji
Kushandirapamwe kutsvaga / kutarisa
Tekinoroji / maitiro ekutamisa zvakanaka
Kusimbisa uye kusimbisa kubatana
Jurisdiction / mandates / kuwirirana kwemitemo

Zvinhu zvakasimuka kusvika kumusoro
Masangano anomiririrwa ePhilippine anotenda kuti nyika yavo ine nhoroondo yekutungamirira pa: MPAs uye Marine Protected Area Networks; kubatanidzwa kwenharaunda, kusanganisira kubva kuhurumende dzenharaunda, NGOs, uye vanhu veko; kutsvaga nekugovana ruzivo rwechivanhu; kushandirapamwe marine science zvirongwa; kubvumirwa kwezvibvumirano zvakakodzera; uye kugadzirisa matsime emarara emvura.

Kurudziro dzakasimba dzezviitwa zvedunhu dzaisanganisira zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zveGDP zvakataurwa pamusoro (hove, aquaculture uye kushanya). Chekutanga, vatori vechikamu vanoda kuona hove dzakasimba, dzinonyatsotarisirwa kuti dzishandiswe munharaunda, uye misika yekutengeserana kunze. Chechipiri, vanoona kudiwa kwe smart aquaculture iyo yakanyatsoiswa uye yakanyatsogadzirwa maererano neASEAN zviyero. Chechitatu, takakurukura kudiwa kweiyo eco-tourism chaiyo uye inoenderera mberi yekushanya zvivakwa zvinosimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwenhaka, nharaunda dzenharaunda uye yeruzhinji-yakavanzika chikamu chechikamu, kudzoreredza mudunhu, uye nekugoneka, uye imwe nzira yekusiyanisa "yakasarudzika" zvinoreva zvakawanda. mari.

Dzimwe pfungwa dzakaonekwa sedzakakodzera kuongororwa dzaisanganisira kabhoni yebhuruu (mikoko, uswa hwegungwa, zvinobvisa kabhoni zvichingodaro); simba rinovandudzwa uye kushandiswa kwesimba (kunyanya kuzvimirira, uye kubatsira nharaunda dziri kure kubudirira); uye kutsvaga nzira dzekuziva makambani ane zvigadzirwa zvinoshingairira ZVAKANAKA kugungwa.

Pane zvimhingamupinyi zvikuru pakushandisa mazano aya. Kupedza maawa maviri nehafu tiri mumotokari kufamba anenge mamaira maviri nehafu kwakatipa nguva yakawanda yokutaura pakupera kwepurogiramu yokupedzisira. Takabvumirana kuti pakanga pane tariro yechokwadi yakawanda uye chishuvo chokuita chinhu chakarurama. Mukupedzisira, kuve nechokwadi chegungwa rine hutano kuchabatsira kuve neramangwana rine hutano kumarudzi eASEAN. Uye, yakanyatsogadzirwa hutongi hwegungwa hunogona kuvabatsira kusvika ikoko.

Musoro Mufananidzo: Rebecca Weeks/Marine Photobank