The Vaquita

Ndave ndichitya zuva rino kwenguva yakareba, "zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa" postmortem panel: "Kuchengetedza, kukakavara uye ushingi muUpper Gulf yeCalifornia: kurwisana nevaquita vortex"

Mwoyo wangu wairwadza sezvandaiteerera shamwari dzangu nevandaishanda navo kwenguva refu, Lorenzo Rojas-Bracho.¹ uye Frances Gulland², manzwi avo aivhurika pachikuva achishuma zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa mukukundikana kwenhamburiko dzokuponesa Vaquita. Ivo, sechikamu cheboka repasi rose rekupora³, uye vamwe vakawanda vakaedza zvakaoma kwazvo kuchengetedza iyi nguruve duku yakasiyana-siyana inongowanikwa kuchamhembe kweGulf of California chete.

Muhurukuro yaLorenzo, akataura zvakanaka, zvakaipa uye zvakashata zvenyaya yeVaquita. Nharaunda iyi, nyanzvi dzezvipenyu zvemugungwa uye ecologists vakaita sainzi yakanakisa, kusanganisira kugadzira nzira dzekuchinja dzekushandisa macoustics kuverenga aya ari mungozi yekutsakatika uye kutsanangura huwandu hwadzo. Pakutanga, vakaona kuti vaquita vakanga vava kuderera nokuti vakanga vachinyura vachibatwa nemambure okuredza. Nokudaro, sayenzi yakasimbisawo kuti mhinduro yairatidzika kuva iri nyore yakanga iri yokumisa kubata hove negiya iroro munzvimbo inogara Vaquita—mhinduro yakakarakadzwa apo Vaquita yakanga ichiri kupfuura 500.

Zvakaipa kutadza kwehurumende yeMexico kuchengetedza Vaquita nenzvimbo yayo tsvene. Kwemakumi emakore-refu kusada kuita kuponesa Vaquita nevakuru vehove (uye hurumende yenyika) zvaireva kutadza kudzikisira kubata-bata uye kutadza kuchengetedza vabati vehove kubva munzvimbo tsvene yeVaquita, uye kutadza kumisa kuredza zvisiri pamutemo kweTotoaba iri mungozi, vane mabladder anoyangarara anotengeswa pamusika mutema. Kushaikwa kwekuda kwezvematongerwo enyika chikamu chepakati chenyaya iyi, uye nekudaro muparadzi mukuru.

Iyo yakashata, inyaya yehuori nemakaro. Hatigone kufuratira basa richangoburwa remadhipatimendi ezvinodhaka mukutengesa mabladder akayangarara ehove yeTotoaba, kubhadhara vabati vehove kuti vatyore mutemo, uye nekutyisidzira masangano ekuchengetedza uye kusanganisira Mexican Navy. Huori uhu hwakatekeshera kuvakuru vakuru vehurumende nevaredzi vega. Ichokwadi kuti kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango chimwe chinhu chekuvandudzwa munguva pfupi yapfuura, uye nekudaro, hazvipi chikonzero chekushaikwa kwechido chezvematongerwo enyika chekutonga nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inopa dziviriro.

Kutsakatika kuri kuuya kweVaquita hakusi nezveecology uye biology, ndeye zvakaipa uye zvakashata. Ndezveurombo nehuori. Sainzi haina kukwana kumanikidza kushandiswa kwezvatinoziva pakuponesa rudzi.

Uye isu tiri kutarisa runyoro runyoro rwemhando dzinotevera dziri panjodzi yekutsakatika. Mune imwe siraidhi, Lorenzo airatidza mepu yakapfuura hurombo hwepasirese uye huwori zviyero nemacetaceans madiki ari mungozi. Kana isu tine tariro yekuponesa inotevera yemhuka idzi, uye inotevera, isu tinofanirwa kuona kuti tingagadzirisa sei zvese urombo nehuwori.

Muna 2017, mufananidzo wakatorwa wemutungamiri weMexico (ane masimba akawandisa), Carlos Slim, mumwe wevarume vakapfuma kwazvo munyika, uye nyeredzi yehofisi yebhokisi uye akazvipira kuchengetedza Leonardo DiCaprio sezvavakazvipira kubatsira kuponesa Vaquita, iyo. panguva yaiverengerwa mhuka dzinenge makumi matatu, zvichidzika kubva ku30 muna 250. Hazvina kuitika, vaisagona kuunza pamwe chete mari, kutaurirana kunosvika, uye kuda kwezvematongerwo enyika kukunda zvakaipa uye zvakashata.

Sezvatinonyatsoziva, kutengeswa kwenhengo dzemhuka dzisingawanzo uye dziri mungozi dzinowanzotitungamira kuChina uye Totoaba inodzivirirwa pasi rose haina mutsauko. Zviremera zveUS zvakabata mazana emapaunzi emabhururu ekushambira anokosha makumi emamiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica apo akapinzwa zvisiri pamutemo achiyambuka bhodha kuti aendeswe kuyambuka Pacific. Pakutanga, hurumende yeChina haina kubatana mukugadzirisa nyaya yeVaquita neTotoaba yekuyangarara dundira nekuti mumwe wevagari vayo akanyimwa mukana wekuvaka nzvimbo yekutandarira mune imwe nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa iri kumaodzanyemba kweGulf yeCalifornia. Nekudaro, hurumende yeChina yakasunga nekumhan'ara vagari vayo vari chikamu cheTotoaba zvisiri pamutemo mafia. Mexico, zvinosuruvarisa, haina kumbopomera chero munhu, zvachose.

Saka, ndiani anouya kuzogadzirisa zvakaipa uye zvakashata? Unyanzvi hwangu, uye nei ndakakokwa kumusangano uyu⁴ ndeyekutaura nezve kuchengetedzwa kwemarine kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzegungwa (MPAs), kusanganisira idzo dzemhuka dzemugungwa (MMPAs). Tinoziva kuti nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa zvakanaka pasi kana pagungwa dzinotsigira basa rehupfumi pamwe chete nekuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi. Chikamu chinotinetsa ndechekuti patove nemari isina kukwana yesainzi uye manejimendi, saka zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti tingawana sei mari yekubata nezvakaipa uye zvakaipa.

Zvinoita marii? Ndiani waunopa mari kuti paumbwe utongi hwakanaka, chido chezvematongerwo enyika, uye kuti udzivise huori? Tinoita sei chido chekusimbisa mitemo yakawanda iripo kuitira kuti mari yezviito zvisiri pamutemo iwedzere kudarika mari yavo uye nokudaro yakaunza zvimwe zvinokurudzira kutevera mabasa ehupfumi emutemo?

Pane kutangira pakuita kudaro uye zviri pachena kuti tichazoda kuibatanidza neMPAs neMMPAs. Kana isu tichida kupikisa kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango uye nhengo dzemhuka, sechikamu chekurwisana nekutengesa kwevanhu, zvinodhaka uye pfuti, tinoda kuita hukama hwakananga kune basa reMPAs sechimbo chimwe mukuvhiringidza kutengeswa kwakadaro. Tichafanirwa kusimudza kukosha kwekugadzira nekuona kuti maMPA anoshanda sechombo chekudzivirira kutengeswa kwakadaro kana vachizopihwa mari yakakwana yekuita basa rinokanganisa.

Muhurukuro yake, Dr. Frances Gulland akatsanangura nokungwarira chisarudzo chinorwadza chokuedza kubata mamwe maVaquitas ndokuvachengeta muusungwa, chinhu chinosemesa kunenge munhu wose anoshanda panzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemhuka dzomugungwa uye pamusoro pokutapwa kwemhuka dzomugungwa kuti dziratidzike (kusanganisira iye) .

Mhuru yokutanga yakafunganya zvikuru uye yakasunungurwa. Mhuru iyi haisati yaonekwa kubva ipapo, kana kunzi yafa. Mhuka yechipiri, hadzi yechikuru, yakakurumidzawo kuratidza zviratidzo zvekushushikana uye yakaburitswa. Akabva angotendeuka 180 ° ndokushambira achidzokera mumaoko eavo vakamusunungura ndokufa. A necropsy yakaratidza kuti mukadzi anofungidzirwa ane makore makumi maviri ane chirwere chemoyo. Izvi zvakagumisa kuedza-kwekupedzisira kuchengetedza Vaquita. Uye nokudaro, vanhu vashomanene zvikuru vakambobata imwe yeidzi porpoise vachiri vapenyu.

Vaquita haisati yatsakatika, hapana chirevo chepamutemo chichauya kwenguva yakati. Zvisinei, chatinoziva ndechokuti Vaquita inogona kuparadzwa. Vanhu vakabatsira mhuka kupora kubva kunhamba shoma, asi izvo zvipenyu (zvakadai seCalifornia Condor) zvakakwanisa kurerwa muutapwa uye kusunungurwa (ona bhokisi). Kutsakatika kweTotoaba kungangoitikawo—iyi hove yakasiyana-siyana yakanga yatotyisidzirwa nehove dzakanyanyisa uye kurasikirwa kwemvura yakachena inoyerera kubva muColorado River nekuda kwekutsauswa kubva kumabasa evanhu.

Ndinoziva kuti shamwari dzangu uye vandaishanda navo vakatanga basa iri havana kumbokanda mapfumo pasi. Iwo magamba. Vakawanda vavo vave vachityisidzirwa ne<em>narcos, uye varedzi vehove vakashatiswa nazvo. Kukanda mapfumo pasi kwaisava sarudzo kwavari, uye haifanire kuve sarudzo kune chero ani wedu. Tinoziva kuti Vaquita neTotoaba, uye mamwe marudzi ose anotsamira pavanhu kuti agadzirise tyisidziro yokuvapo kwadzo chaiko uko vanhu vakasikwa. Tinofanira kuedza kuburitsa chido chemubatanidzwa chekushandura zvatinoziva mukuchengetedzwa nekudzoreredza mhuka; kuti tinogona kubvuma pasi rose mutoro wemigumisiro yemakaro evanhu; uye kuti tose tinogona kutora rutivi mukuedza kusimudzira zvakanaka, uye kuranga vakaipa navakashata.

¹ Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento uye Uso de la Biodiversidad, Mexico
² Marine Mammal Center, USA
³ CIRVA—Comité Internacional para la Recuperación de la Vaquita
⁴ The 5th International Congress pamusoro peMarine Mammal Protected Areas, muCosta Navarino, Greece