Yako TOF Debrief paMarch International Seabed Authority Misangano

Chikamu chekutanga che28^th Session yeInternational Seabed Authority (ISA) yakapetwa zviri pamutemo mukupera kwaKurume.

Tiri kugovera nguva dzakakosha kubva kumisangano pamusoro pemigodhi yepasi pegungwa, kusanganisira neruzivo rwekubatanidzwa kwe Underwater Cultural Heritage mumitemo yakarongwa yemigodhi, hurukuro ye "chii-kana", uye kutarisa kwekushisa pane a nhevedzano yezvinangwa Iyo Ocean Foundation yakatanga gore rapfuura zvichitevera misangano yaChikunguru 2022.

Enda ku:

• Working Group Takeaways
• Mutemo Wemakore Maviri
• Zviitiko zveparutivi
• TOF Chinangwa Check-In

Nhengo dzeNyika dzakakurukurawo nezve Chinyorwa cheMutungamiriri, muunganidzwa wemirau yezvirongwa isingaenderane mune chimwe chemamwe mapoka. Hurukuro ye“chii-kana” yakaratidzirwawo zvakatanhamara.

Sezvo vafambisi vakavhura pasi kuti vataure pamusoro pemutemo wega wega, Nhengo dzeKanzuru, Vacherechedzi nyika, uye Vacherechedzi vakakwanisa kupa tsananguro pfupi yekutaura pamirau, kupa tweaks kana kusuma mutauro mutsva sezvo Kanzuru ichishanda kugadzira mitemo yekubvisa. indasitiri isina muenzaniso. 

Nyika dzakataurwa uye dzakasimbisa kana kutsoropodza zvakataurwa nenyika yapfuura, kazhinji kuita gadziriso dzenguva chaiyo kune chirevo chakagadzirirwa. Kunyange isiri nhaurirano yechinyakare, iyi setup yakabvumira munhu wese aive mukamuri, zvisinei nechimiro, kuvimba kuti pfungwa dzavo dzakanzwika uye dzakabatanidzwa.

Mumusimboti, uye zvinoenderana nemitemo yeISA pachayo, Vacherechedzi vanogona kutora chikamu munhaurirano dzeKanzuru pazvinhu zvine chekuita navo. Mukuita, mwero weObserver kutora chikamu paISA 28-Ini waienderana nemutungamiri wechikamu chega chega. Zvaive pachena kuti vamwe vafambisi vakazvipira kupa izwi kune Vacherechedzi neNhengo zvakafanana, vachibvumira kunyarara kunodiwa uye nguva yekuti vamiriri vese vafunge nezvezvavakataura. Vamwe vafambisi vakakumbira Vacherechedzi kuti vachengete zvirevo zvavo kumaminetsi matatu zvisina tsarukano uye vakamhanya nepakati pemirau, vachifuratira zvikumbiro zvekutaura mukuyedza kuratidza kubvumirana kunyangwe kubvumirana kwakadaro kusipo. 

Pakutanga kwemusangano, nyika dzakaratidza kutsigira kwadzo chibvumirano chitsva chinonzi Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ). Chibvumirano ichi chakabvumiranwa panguva yeIntergovernmental Conference ichangoburwa pamusoro pechishandiso chepasi rose chinosunga zviri pamutemo pasi peUNCLOS. Chinangwa chekuchengetedza zvipenyu zvemugungwa uye kukurudzira kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa munzvimbo dziri kunze kwemiganhu yenyika. Nyika dziri paISA dzakaona kukosha kwechibvumirano mukusimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye nekubatanidza ruzivo rwechinyakare nerweMarudzi mutsvakurudzo yegungwa.

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Zvekutora kubva kuBoka rega rega reKushanda

Yakavhurika-yakapera Boka Rekushanda paMamiriro eMari yeKondirakiti (Kurume 16-17)

• Nhume dzakanzwa mharidzo mbiri kubva kunyanzvi dzezvemari: imwe kubva kumumiriri weMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), uye yechipiri kubva kuIntergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF).
• Vazhinji vaipinda vakafunga kuti kukurukura nezvemhando dzemari kwaisabatsira pasina kutanga vabvumirana pane zvakajairika. Kunzwa uku kwakapfuurira mumisangano yose sezvo nyika dzakawanda dzichitaura rutsigiro kurambidza, kumisa, kana kudzivirira kumbomira pamugodhi wepasi pegungwa.
• Pfungwa yekuendesa kodzero nezvisungo pasi pechibvumirano chekushandiswa yakakurukurwa kwenguva refu, nedzimwe nhumwa dzichisimbisa kuti nyika dzinotsigira dzinofanirwa kuve nekutaura mukutamisa uku. TOF yakapindira kuti icherechedze kuti chero shanduko yekutonga inofanirwa kuongororwa kwakaomarara sekuchinjisa, sezvo ichipa nyaya dzakafanana dzekutonga, vimbiso dzemari, uye mutoro.

Boka Rekushanda Risina Kurongeka paKudzivirirwa uye Kuchengetedzwa Kwenzvimbo yeMarine (Kurume 20-22)

• Vashanu vePacific Indigenous Island vakakokwa nenhumwa yeGreenpeace International kuti vataure nenhume nezve hukama hwavo hwemadzitateguru uye tsika kugungwa rakadzika. Solomon “Sekuru Sol” Kaho'ohalahala akavhura musangano nemutauro wechiHawaiian oli (chant) kuti agamuchire vanhu vose kunzvimbo yehurukuro dzine runyararo. Akasimbisa kukosha kwekusanganisa ruzivo rwechinyakare mumitemo, sarudzo, uye kuvandudzwa kwebumbiro remitemo.
• Hinano Murphy akapa Blue Climate Initiative's Indigenous Voices for Ban on Deep Seabed Mining petition, iyo inodaidzira kuti nyika dzione hukama pakati peMarudzi negungwa rakadzika uye dzinosanganisira manzwi adzo munhaurirano. 
• Mukufambirana nemazwi emanzwi echivanhu, nhaurirano dzakatenderedza Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) dzakasangana nehungwaru uye kufarira. TOF yakapindira kuratidza inobatika uye isingabatike nhaka inogona kunge iri panjodzi kubva mumigodhi yepasi pegungwa, uye kushaikwa kwemichina yekuidzivirira panguva ino. TOF yakarangarirawo kuti nyika zhinji dziri nhengo dzeISA dzakazvipira kuchengetedza nhaka yepasi pemvura kuburikidza nezvibvumirano zvakabvumiranwa pasi rose, kusanganisira Chisungo 149 cheUNCLOS, chinorayira kuchengetedza zvinhu zvekuchera matongo uye nhoroondo, UNESCO 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, uye UNESCO. 2003 Chibvumirano chekuchengetedzwa kweIntangible Cultural Heritage.
• Nyika zhinji dzakaratidza kuzvipira kwavo mukukudza UCH uye dzakasarudza kubata musangano wepakati kuti ukurukure nzira yekuisanganisira nekuitsanangura mumirau. 
• Sezvo tsvakiridzo yakawanda ichibuda, zviri kujeka kuti hupenyu hwemugungwa hwakadzika, zvipenyu, uye nhaka yevanhu inobatika uye isingabatike zviri panjodzi kubva kumigodhi yepasi pegungwa. Sezvo nyika dzenhengo dziri kuramba dzichishanda kuti dzipedze mirau iyi, kuunza misoro senge UCH pamberi inokumbira vamiriri kuti vafunge nezvekuoma uye huwandu hwemhedzisiro ichave neindasitiri iyi.

Chisina Kurongeka Chinoshanda Boka paKuongorora, Kutevedzera, uye Kusimbisa (Kurume 23-24)

• Panguva yemisangano pamusoro pekuongorora, kutevedza, uye kutevedzera mitemo, vamiririri vakakurukura kuti ISA nenhengo dzayo dzaizobata sei nyaya idzi uye kuti ndiani aizozvitarisira.
• Dzimwe nyika dzakafunga kuti nhaurirano idzi dzaive dzisati dzakwana uye dzakamhanyiswa, sezvo hwaro hwemitemo, iyo yakakosha kune yakawanda mirau, haisati yabvumirana. 
• Underwater Cultural Heritage yakaonekwawo munhaurirano idzi, uye dzimwe nyika dzakataura zvakasimba pamusoro pekudiwa kwenhaurirano yepakati uye kuti mhedzisiro yenhaurirano ibatanidzwe munhaurirano huru mumisangano inotevera.

Boka Rinoshanda Risina Kurongeka Panyaya dzeInstitutional (Kurume 27-29)

• Nhume dzakakurukura hurongwa hwekuongorora chirongwa chebasa uye dzakakakavadzana kubatanidzwa kwematunhu ari pedyo emahombekombe mukuongorora chirongwa chakadaro. Sezvo kukanganisa kwemigodhi yegungwa kwakadzika kuchigona kudarika nzvimbo yakatarwa yezvicherwa, kusanganisira matunhu ari pedyo emumhenderekedzo yegungwa ndiyo imwe nzira yekuona kuti vese vane chekuita nedambudziko iri vanosanganisirwa. Kunyange zvazvo pasina mhedziso dzakasvikwa pamubvunzo uyu panguva yemisangano yaKurume, vamiririri vakabvumirana kutaura nezvebasa renyika dzemahombekombe zvakare pamberi pemisangano yaChikunguru.
• Nyika dzakasimbisawo kukosha kwekuchengetedza nharaunda yegungwa, pane kuenzanisa mabhenefiti ehupfumi ekushandiswa nekuchengetedzwa. Vakasimbisa kodzero yakakwana yekuchengetedza nharaunda yegungwa sezvakatsanangurwa muUNCLOS, vachiwedzera kubvuma kukosha kwayo kwemukati.

Chinyorwa cheMutungamiriri

• Nyika dzakataura nezve zviitiko zvipi zvinofanirwa kuudzwa kuISA nemakondirakiti kana zvinhu zvikasafamba sezvazvakarongwa. Kwemakore, vamiriri vakakurudzira akati wandei 'zviitiko zvinozivikanwa' kuitira kuti makondirakiti atarise, kusanganisira njodzi nezviitiko. Panguva ino, vakakakavadzana kana paleontological artifacts inofanirawo kutaurwa, nerutsigiro rwakasanganiswa.
• Chinyorwa cheMutungamiriri zvakare chinovhara mirau yakawanda pamusoro peinishuwarenzi, zvirongwa zvemari, uye zvibvumirano zvinozokurukurwa zvakanyanya mukuverenga kunotevera kwemirairo.

Kunze kweimba huru yemusangano, vamiriri vakaita nyaya dzakatevedzana, zvinosanganisira mutemo wemakore maviri uye zviitiko zveparutivi zvakanangana nezvemigodhi, sainzi yegungwa, manzwi echivanhu, uye kubvunzana nevatori vechikamu.

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Mutemo Wemakore Maviri

Nenguva yekupera kwaChikunguru 9, 2023, nhume dzakashanda kuburikidza nezvikumbiro zvakawanda mumakamuri akavharwa svondo rese, paine chibvumirano chakaitwa pazuva rekupedzisira. Mhedzisiro yaive yenguva pfupi Sarudzo yekanzuru ichitaura kuti Kanzuru, kunyangwe kana vachizoongorora hurongwa hwebasa, haifanirwe kubvumidza kana kubvumidza kwenguva pfupi chirongwa ichocho. Sarudzo iyi yakataurawo kuti Legal and Technical Commission (LTC, rimwe divi reKanzuru) harina chisungo chekukurudzira kubvumidzwa kana kusatendera chirongwa chebasa uye kuti Kanzuru inogona kupa mirairo kuLTC. Mutongo uyu wakakumbira Secretary-General kuti azivise nhengo dzeKanzuru nezvekutambira chero chikumbiro mukati memazuva matatu. Nhume dzakabvuma kuenderera mberi nekurukurirano muna July.

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Zviitiko zveparutivi

Kambani yeMetals (TMC) yakaita zviitiko zviviri zvepadivi sechikamu cheNauru Ocean Resources Inc. (NORI) kuti vagovane zvakawanikwa nesainzi pakuedza kwevhu uye kupa hwaro hwekutanga pane inoenderera mberi yeSocial Impact Assessment. Vakapinda vakabvunza kuti kukwira kusvika padanho rekutengesa nemichina yekutengeserana kuchakanganisa zvakawanikwa zveyedzero dzepasi pemvura, kunyanya sezvo kuyedza kwazvino kunoshandisa zvisiri zvekutengesa. Muratidziri akataura kuti hapazove neshanduko, kunyangwe michina yekuyedza isiri yekutengeserana iri diki. Masayendisiti aiva muvateereri akawedzera kusava nechokwadi nezvemitoo yemapombi aiwanikwa, achicherechedza kuoma kwakaita masayendisiti pakuongorora uye kuongorora madutu eguruva. Mukupindura, muratidziri akabvuma kuti iyi yaive nyaya yavakasangana nayo, uye kuti vaive vasina kunyatsoongorora zvirimo mupombi kubva pakudzoka kwepakati pemvura.

Hurukuro pamusoro pemagariro emagariro akasangana nemibvunzo pamusoro pekusimba kwemaitiro ekubatanidza vanobatanidzwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu aripo eongororo yemagariro evanhu anosanganisira kudyidzana nevanhu vari mumapoka makuru matatu evane chekuita: vabati vehove nevamiriri vavo, mapoka evakadzi nevamiriri vavo, nemapoka evechidiki nevamiriri vavo. Mumwe aivepo akaona kuti mapoka aya anosanganisira vanhu vari pakati pe4 kusvika 5 bhiriyoni, uye akakumbira varatidziri kuti vatsanangurwe nezve mabatiro avanoita boka rega rega. Varatidziri vakaratidza hurongwa hwavo hwakanangana nerubatsiro rwakanaka rwemugodhi wepasi pegungwa unotarisirwa kuve nevagari veNauru. Vanorongawo kubatanidza Fiji. Kuteedzerwa kwemumiriri wehurumende kwakabvunza kuti sei vakangosarudza nyika mbiri dzePacific Island uye vasina kufunga nezvezvimwe zvakawanda zvePacific Islands nePacific Islanders zvinozoonawo mabatiro eDSM. Mukupindura, varatidziri vakati vaifanira kushanyirazve nzvimbo yesimba sechikamu cheEnvironmental Impact Assessment.

Iyo Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) yakaunza vatatu vanoongorora zvipenyu mugungwa, Jesse van der Grient, Jeff Drazen, naMatthias Haeckel, kuti vataure pamusoro pezvakakanganiswa nemugodhi wegungwa wakadzika pasi pegungwa nemapumbu emvura, pakati pemvura ecosystem, uye pakubata hove. Masayendisiti akapa data kubva kutsvagiridzo nyowani ichiri kuongororwa. Global Sea Mineral Resources (GSR), inotsigira kambani yeBelgian marine engineering femu yeDEME Group, yakapawo maonero esainzi pamusoro pezvinokonzeresa marara uye vakagovera zvakawanikwa muongororo ichangoburwa. Bato reNigerian Permanent Mission muKingston, Jamaica rakaita chiitiko chekukurukura matanho angatorwa nehurumende kunyorera chibvumirano chekuongorora zvicherwa.

Greenpeace International yakaita chiitiko che Island Perspectives paDeep Seabed Mining chiitiko chekupa vatungamiriri vePacific vakapinda misangano kugona kutaura. Mukurukuri mumwe nomumwe akapa maonero enzira iyo nharaunda dzavo dzinovimba nayo pagungwa uye kutyisidzira kwemigodhi yepasi pegungwa.

Mumisangano yese, mapoka maviri enharaunda dzeJamaica akauya kuzopemberera kubatanidzwa kwemanzwi echivanhu mumakamuri emisangano uye kuratidzira DSM. Chinyakare cheJamaican Maroon dhiramu mauto akapa mhemberero yekugamuchira manzwi ePacific Islander musvondo rekutanga, achiperekedzwa nezviratidzo zvinodaidzira nhumwa "kuti HERE kumigodhi yakadzika yegungwa." Vhiki rakatevera, sangano revechidiki reJamaican rinokurudzira vechidiki rakaunza zvikwangwani ndokuratidzira kunze kwechivako cheISA, vachidana kurambidzwa kwemigodhi yegungwa rakadzika kuchengetedza gungwa.

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Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2022, mushure mekunge TOF yave Mucherechedzi kuISA, tinoburitsa nhevedzano yezvinangwa. Sezvo isu tichitanga iyo 2023 yakatevedzana yemisangano, heino cheki mune mamwe acho:

Chinangwa: Kune vese vane chekuita nekucherwa kwakadzika kwemugungwa.

Zvichienzaniswa nemisangano yaNovember, vazhinji vane chekuita navo vakakwanisa kunge vari mukamuri - asi nekuda kwekuti Greenpeace International, NGO yeObserver, yakavakoka. Mazwi ePacific Indigenous Islander akakosha kumisangano yaKurume ino uye akaunza izwi idzva rakanga risati rambonzwika. MaNGO akavewo nechokwadi chekuti manzwi evechidiki aisanganisirwa, achiunza varatidziri vechidiki, vatungamiriri vevechidiki veSustainable Ocean Alliance, uye vatungamiriri vevechidiki veIndigenous. Kuratidzira kwevechidiki kwaivepowo kunze kwemisangano yeISA nesangano revechidiki rekuJamaican vachiita kuratidzira kunoratidzira DSM. Camille Etienne, muratidziri wechidiki wechiFrench vakamirira Greenpeace International, vakataura neshungu kunhume idzi kuti dzikumbire rutsigiro rwavo mukudzivirira gungwa kubva kuDSM risati ratanga, sezvo “nenguva yatiri pano imba isati yatsva.” (rakaturikirwa kubva kuFrench)

Kuvapo kwerimwe nerimwe remapoka aya anopa tariro yeTOF yekudyidzana mune ramangwana, asi basa iri harifanire kungowira maNGOs chete. Panzvimbo pezvo, zvinofanirwa kuve zvakakosha kune vese vanopinda kukoka nhume dzakasiyana siyana kuti manzwi ese anzwike mukamuri. ISA inofanirwawo kushingaira kutsvaga vane chekuita, kusanganisira pamimwe misangano yepasirese, yakaita seiya yezvipenyu zvakasiyana siyana, nyanza, nemamiriro ekunze. Nekuda kwaizvozvi, TOF iri kutora chikamu munhaurirano yekudyidzana paStakeholder Consultation kuti nhaurirano iyi ienderere mberi.

Chinangwa: Simudza nhaka yepasi pemvura uye ita shuwa kuti chikamu chakajeka chehurukuro yeDSM isati yaparadzwa nekusaziva.

Underwater Cultural Heritage yakagamuchira ngwariro yaidikanwa zvikuru mumisangano yaMarch. Kuburikidza nesimba rakabatanidzwa rezvinyorwa zvinyorwa, manzwi ePacific Indigenous Islanders, uye nyika inoda kutungamirira hurukuro yakabvumirwa kuti UCH ive chikamu chakajeka chehurukuro yeDSM. Uku kusimuka kwakatungamira kuchikumbiro chekukurukurirana kwepakati pekuti unganyatso tsanangura sei uye nekubatanidza UCH mumirau. TOF inotenda kuti DSM inogona kunge isingaenderane nedziviriro yedu inobatika, uye isingabatike, UCH uye ichashanda kuunza maonero aya kune intersessional dialogue.

Chinangwa: Kuenderera mberi nekukurudzira kumisa DSM.

Panguva yemisangano, Vanuatu uye Dominican Republic yakazivisa tsigiro yekumbomira kwekudzivirira, ichiwedzera nhamba yenyika dzakatora zvigaro zvinopesana nekucherwa kwegungwa rakadzika kusvika ku14. Mumwe mukuru mukuru weFinland akaratidzawo kutsigirwa kuburikidza ne Twitter. TOF iri kufara nekutenderana kuri muKanzuru kuti UNCLOS haipe mvumo yechibvumirano chemigodhi pasina mitemo, asi inoramba yakaora mwoyo kuti nzira yakasimba yekuona kuti migodhi yekutengeserana haina kubvumidzwa haisati yasarudzwa. Kuti izvi zviitike, TOF ichatora chikamu munhaurirano dzepakati pane "chii-kana" mamiriro.

Chinangwa: Kuti tisaparadze ecosystem yedu yakadzika yegungwa tisati tatomboziva kuti chii, uye nezvainotiitira.

Vacherechedzi vanosanganisira Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI), Deep Sea Conservation Coalition (DSCC), uye nekushingaira vakayeuchidza matunhu mumisangano yose nezve mikaha yakawanda yeruzivo yatinayo maererano negungwa rakadzika ecosystem.