Chii chinonzi Sustainable Hove? Kukanganisa kweSeafood Certification Systems iripo

naMark J. Spalding, Mutungamiriri weThe Ocean Foundation
naKen Stump, Ocean Policy Fellow kuThe Ocean Foundation
Mukupindura "Mumwe mubvunzo kana chikafu chemugungwa chakasimba chinopa vimbiso yayo" naJuliet Elperin. The Washington Post (Kubvumbi 22, 2012)

Nyaya yaJuliet Eilperin panguva yakakodzera ("Vamwe vanobvunza kana chikafu chemugungwa chakasimba chinopa vimbiso yayo" naJuliet Elperin. The Washington Post. Kubvumbi 22, 2012) pazvikanganiso zvezvitupa zviripo zvegungwa zvinopa zvitupa zvinoita basa rakanaka rekuburitsa kuvhiringika kuri kusangana nevatengi kana vachida "kuita chinhu chakanaka" nemakungwa. Aya eco-labels anoreva kuratidza hove dzakabatwa zvakachengetedzeka, asi ruzivo rwunotsausa runogona kupa vese vatengesi vegungwa nevatengi pfungwa yenhema yekuti kutenga kwavo kunogona kuita mutsauko. Sezvinoratidzwa nechidzidzo chakataurwa muchinyorwa ichi, kusimba sezvinotsanangurwa nenzira dzaFroese kunoratidza:

• Muna 11% (Marine Stewardship Council-MSC) kusvika ku53% (Shamwari yeGungwa-FOS) yezvinyorwa zvakasimbiswa, ruzivo rwakanga rwuripo rwakanga rusina kukwana kuita mutongo pamusoro pemamiriro ekutengesa kana kushandiswa kwepamusoro (Mufananidzo 1).
• 19% (FOS) kusvika 31% (MSC) yemasheya ane data yaivepo akarevesa zvakanyanya uye parizvino aive ari pasi pehove dzakawandisa (Mufananidzo 2).
• Muchikamu che21% cheMSC-certified stocks icho hurongwa hwehutungamiriri huripo, kubata hove kwakaenderera mberi kunyangwe kupihwa zvitupa.

MSC certification ingangove mhedziso yekufanotaura kune avo vanogona kuitenga - zvisinei nemamiriro ehove dziri kubatwa. Hurongwa hwekuti vabati vehove vane mari vanogona "kutenga" certification haigone kukosheswa. Pamusoro pezvo, mari yakawandisa yekupihwa zvitupa inorambidza mari zhinji kune dzakawanda diki, dzenharaunda dzinobata hove, zvichivatadzisa kutora chikamu muzvirongwa zveeco-labeling. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika munyika dzichiri kusimukira, dzakaita seMorocco, uko zviwanikwa zvakakosha zvinotsauswa kubva kune yakazara kubata hove kuenda kukudyara, kana kungotenga, eco-label.

Zvichibatanidzwa nekutarisa zviri nani uye kuteedzera, kuongororwa kwezviwanikwa zvehove uye manejimendi ane tarisiro yemberi inofunga nezvemamiriro ekugara uye ecosystem, certification yezvokudya zvegungwa inogona kuva chishandiso chakakosha chekusimudzira tsigiro yevatengi kune vanobata hove vanotarisirwa. Kukuvadzwa kwemavara anotsausa hakusi kwekubata hove chete—kunokanganisa kukwanisa kwevatengi kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo uye kuvhota nezvikwama zvavo kutsigira kubata hove kunotarisirwa zvakanaka. Saka, nei vatengi vachifanira kubvuma kubhadhara mari yakawanda yehove dzinonzi dzakabatwa zvine mutsindo ivo vachitowedzera huni mumoto kuburikidza nekubata hove dzakanyanya kubatwa?

Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti bepa chairo raFroese nemumwe wake rakadudzwa naEilperin rinotsanangura hove sekurevesa zvakanyanya kana stock biomass iri pazasi pedanho rinofungidzirwa kuti rinoburitsa goho rinogoneka (rinonzi Bmsy), iro rakaomarara kupfuura mutemo uripo weUS. standard. MuUS hove, masheya anowanzoonekwa se "akawandisa" kana stock biomass inowira pasi pe1/2 Bmsy. Huwandu hwakati kurei hwehove dzemuUS dzaizoiswa muboka sekurevesa zvakanyanya pachishandiswa Froese's FAO-based standard muCode of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (1995). NB: iyo chaiyo scoring system inoshandiswa naFroese inotsanangurwa muTafura 1 yebepa ravo:

Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti nhamba yakanaka yevabati vehove vekuUS vari kuramba vachibatwa nehove dzakawandisa kunyangwe kubata hove kwakarambidzwa zviri pamutemo. Chidzidzo ndechekuti kugara wakangwarira uye kutarisisa kuita kwekubata hove kwakakosha kuti uone kuti chero yeaya mazinga ari kunyatsozadzikiswa - akasimbiswa kana kwete.

Sistimu dzekupa zvitupa hadzina masimba chaiwo ekutonga pamusoro pemasangano ekutonga hove. Kuenderera mberi kwekuongorora kwerudzi rwakapihwa naFroese naProelb kwakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hove dzakapihwa magwaro dziri kuita sekushambadzwa kwaitwa.

Iyo yega yega nzira yekuzvidavirira mune ino certification system kudiwa kwevatengi - kana isu tisingade kuti hove dzine certification dziri kusangana nemipimo ine revo yekugarisa saka chitupa chinogona kuve icho chinotya vanotsoropodza zvakanyanya: vavariro dzakanaka uye jasi rependi yegirinhi.

Sezvo The Ocean Foundation yanga ichiratidzira kweanoda kusvika makore gumi, hapana bara resirivha rekugadzirisa dambudziko rehove repasi rose. Zvinotora bhokisi rematurusi remazano-uye vatengi vane basa rakakosha kuita kana chero chikafu chemugungwa-chirimwa kana chemusango-mukushandisa zvavanotenga kusimudzira makungwa ane hutano. Chero kuedza kunofuratira chokwadi ichi uye kushandisa vavariro dzakanaka dzevatengi kunoshoropodza uye kurasisa uye kunofanira kudaidzwa kuzvidavirira.