WHMSI: Kuva Vavakidzani Vakanaka Kuti Vatsigire Mhuka Dzinotama

Na: Mark J. Spalding, Mutungamiriri

Ndakava nerombo rakanaka rekupedza chikamu chekutanga chesvondo rino pamusangano unokosha nevatinoshanda navo pachikamu chepasi rose cheUS Fish and Wildlife Service. Musangano uyu, uyo wakakokerwa neSangano reAmerica States, wakapemberera kuedza kuchengetedza mhuka dzinotama dzenharaunda yekumadokero. Vakaungana pamwe chete vanhu makumi maviri vaimiririra nyika nhanhatu, maNGO mana, Madhipatimendi maviri eCabinet eUS, uye vanyori vemagungano matatu epasi rose. Isu tese tiri nhengo dzekomiti inotungamirira yeWHMSI, iyo Western Hemisphere Migratory Species Initiative. Isu takasarudzwa nevezera redu kuti tibatsire kutungamira kuvandudzwa kweInitiative uye kuchengetedza kutaurirana nevabatanidzi pakati pemisangano. 

Nyika dzese dziri kuWestern Hemisphere dzinogovana nhaka yakafanana yebhayoloji, tsika nehupfumi - kuburikidza neshiri dzedu dzinotama, mawhale, zviremwaremwa, kamba dzemugungwa, uye butterflies. WHMSI yakazvarwa mu2003 kukurudzira kubatana kwakatenderedza kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu izvi zvakawanda zvinofamba zvisingatarisire miganhu yezvematongerwo enyika panzira dzenzvimbo uye maitiro epanguva ari mazana emakore mukugadzira. Kudzivirirwa pamwe chete kunoda kuti nyika dzizive marudzi anodarika miganhu uye vagovane ruzivo rwenzvimbo nezvezvinodiwa pekugara uye maitiro emarudzi ari kufamba. Mumusangano wose wemazuva maviri, takanzwa nezvenhamburiko dzepasi rose kubva kuvamiririri vanobva kuParaguay, Chile, Uruguay, El Salvador, Dominican Republic, neSt. Lucia, pamwe chete neCITES Secretariat, Convention on Migratory Species, USA, American Bird. Conservancy, The Inter-American Convention for the Protection and Conservation of Sea Turtles, uye Society for the Conservation and Study of Caribbean Shiri.

Kubva kuArctic kuenda kuAntarctica, hove, shiri, mhuka dzinoyamwisa, turtles dzegungwa, cetaceans, zviremwaremwa, zvipembenene uye mamwe marudzi anotama anopa masevhisi ezvemamiriro ekunze uye ehupfumi akagovaniswa nenyika nevanhu veWestern Hemisphere. Iwo masosi echikafu, chekuraramisa uye nhandaro, uye ane zvakakosha zvesainzi, zvehupfumi, zvetsika, zvekunaka uye zvemweya kukosha. Zvisinei nemabhenefiti aya, mhuka dzesango dzakawanda dzinotama dziri kuramba dzichityisidzirwa nekusarongeka pamwero wenyika, kuparara nekurasikirwa kwenzvimbo, mhuka dzekunze dzinoparadza, kusvibiswa, kuvhima nekuredza hove, kubata-bata, kusachengeteka kwekurima mumvura uye kukohwa nekutengesa zvisiri pamutemo.

Pamusangano wekomiti inotungamira, takapedza nguva yedu yakawanda tichishanda pane imwe nheyo uye zviito zvinoenderana nekuchengetedza shiri dzinotama, dziri pakati pemarudzi anonyanya kufarira muhemisphere yedu. Mazana emarudzi anotama panguva dzakasiyana dzegore. Kutama uku kunoshanda semunguva yekuwana madhora ekushanya uye dambudziko rekutonga, zvichipihwa kuti mhuka hadzisi kugara uye zvinogona kunetsa kugonesa nharaunda kukosha kwadzo, kana kuronga kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzakafanira dzekugara.

Pamusoro pezvo pane nyaya dzekukanganisa kwebudiriro isina magumo uye kutengeswa kwezvipenyu nekudya kana zvimwe zvinangwa. Somuenzaniso, ndakashamiswa kuziva kuti kamba—dzemarudzi ose—ndidzo dziri pamusoro pemhuka dzine mapfupa omuzongoza dziri mungozi yokutsakatika munyika yose. Kudiwa kwekare kwekupa zvitoro zvezvipfuyo kwakatsiviwa nekudiwa kwekamba dzemvura yakachena sechikafu chekudyiwa nevanhu-zvichikonzera kuparara kwevanhu zvakanyanya zvekuti matanho echimbichimbi ekuchengetedza tumba ari kurongwa neUS nerutsigiro rweChina pamusangano unotevera. yemapato ku Musangano weKutengeserana Kwenyika Dzepasi Pose muZvisikwa Zviri Mungozi (CITES) muna Kurume. Sezvineiwo, kudiwa kwacho kunogona kuzadzikiswa zvakanyanya nekuteedzera kutengwa kwekamba dzinorimwa uye vanhu vemusango vanogona kupihwa mukana wekupora nekuchengetedzwa kwakakwana kwenzvimbo uye kubvisa goho.

Kune avo vedu vari mukuchengetedza mugungwa, fariro yedu yomuzvarirwo inonangidzirwa pazvinodikanwa zvemhuka dzomugungwa—shiri, kamba dzomugungwa, hove, uye mhuka dzomugungwa—dzinotamira kuchamhembe nokumaodzanyemba gore rimwe nerimwe. Bluefin tuna inotama kubva kuGulf yeMexico kwainoberekera uye kukwira kuCanada sechikamu chehupenyu hwavo. Mapoka anoberekana ari muunganidzwa kubva kumahombekombe eBelize uye anopararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Gore rega rega, zviuru zvekamba dzinoenda kumusha kumahombekombe egungwa kuCaribbean, Atlantic, nePacific Coasts kunokandira mazai adzo, uye mavhiki masere gare gare vana vadzo vanoita zvimwe chetezvo.

Ma<em>grey whale muchando muBaja kuti abereke uye abereke vana vawo anopedza chirimo chawo kure kuchamhembe seAlaska, achitama achitevedza mhenderekedzo yeCalifornia. Blue whales dzinotama kuti dzidye mumvura yeChile (munzvimbo tsvene The Ocean Foundation yaidada kubatsira kumisa), kusvika kuMexico nekumwe. Asi, isu tichiri kuziva zvishoma nezve maitiro ekukwirana kana nzvimbo dzekuberekera dzemhuka huru iyi paNyika.

Mushure memusangano weWHMSI 4 muMiami, wakaitwa muna Zvita 2010, takagadzira ongororo yekuona nyaya dzinonyanya kunetsa munharaunda yegungwa, izvo zvakazotibvumira kunyora RFP yezvikumbiro zvechirongwa chidiki chekubatsira kushanda pane izvo zvakakosha. . Zvakabuda muOngororo zvakaratidza zvinotevera sezvikamu zvemarudzi anotama uye nzvimbo dzinogara dziri kunetsa zvikuru:

1. Zvidiki Zvidiki Zvinoyamwisa
2. Sharks uye Rays
3. Hombe Marine Mhuka
4. Coral Reefs uye Mangroves
5. Mahombekombe (kusanganisira nesting beach)
   [NB: Turtles dzemugungwa dzakaiswa pakakwirira, asi dzaifukidzwa neimwe mari]

Nokudaro, pamusangano wevhiki rino takakurukura, uye takasarudza kuti tipiwe mari yezvishanu kubva pamakumi matatu nenomwe zvikumbiro zvakanakisa zvakanangana nekuvaka kugona kugadzirisa zviri nani izvi zvakakosha nekusimudzira zvakanyanya kuchengetedza kwavo.

Zvishandiso zvatinazvo pamwe chete zvinosanganisira:

1. Kugadzira nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa mukati memiganhu yenyika, kunyanya idzo dzinodiwa pakupfuya uye nyaya dzekurera vana
2. Kutora mukana weRAMSAR, CITES, World Heritage, uye mamwe magungano edziviriro epasirese uye mazita ekutsigira kubatana nekusimbisa.
3. Kugovera data yesainzi, kunyanya nezve mukana wekuchinja kwakakomba mumatanho ekutama nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.

Nei kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze? Mhuka dzinotama ndidzo dzinobatwa nezvinonyanyooneka zvinokonzeresa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti kumwe kutenderera kunoparirwa nokureba kwezuva sezvakunoitwa netembiricha. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko akakomba kune mamwe marudzi. Semuenzaniso, kutanga kwechirimo kunyunguduka kumusoro kuchamhembe kunogona kureva kutanga kuputika kwezvirimwa zvakakosha zvinotsigira uye nekudaro mashavishavi anosvika panguva "yenguva dzose" kubva kumaodzanyemba haana chaanodya, uye pamwe, mazai avo ekuchechenya haangadaro. Kutanga kunyunguduka kwechirimo kunogona kureva kuti mafashama echirimo anokanganisa chikafu chinowanikwa mumachakwi emahombekombe munzira dzeshiri dzinotama. Madutu asinganzwisisike—semuenzaniso, chamupupuri mwaka “chamupupuri” usati wasvika—anogona kuvhuvhuta shiri kure nenzira dzinozivikanwa kana kudzidzika munzvimbo isina kuchengetedzeka. Kunyange kupisa kunokonzerwa nenharaunda dzemumaguta dzakatsvikinyidzana zvikuru kunogona kushandura nzira dzekunaya kwemvura dziri kure nezviuru zvemakiromita uye kukanganisa kuwanikwa kwezvose zviri zviviri zvokudya nenzvimbo yekugara yemarudzi ari kutama. Kumhuka dzemugungwa dzinotama, shanduko yekemikari yemugungwa, tembiricha, uye kudzika zvinogona kukanganisa zvese kubva kuzviratidzo zvekufamba, kusvika kukupa chikafu (semuenzaniso kuchinjika kwenzvimbo dzehove), kusvika pakutsungirira kune zvakaipa. Zvakare, sezvo mhuka idzi dzichichinja, zviitiko zveecotourism zvingafanira kuchinja zvakare-kuitira kuchengetedza hwaro hwehupfumi hwekuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi.

Ndakaita chikanganiso chekubuda mukamuri kwemaminetsi mashoma mangwanani ekupedzisira emusangano uye nekudaro, ndakanzi sachigaro weMarine Committee yeWHMSI, sezvandinokudzwa kwazvo kushanda, hongu. Mugore rinotevera, tinotarisira kugadzira misimboti uye zvinokosheswa kuita zvakafanana neizvo zvinoratidzwa nevanhu vanoshanda pashiri dzinotama. Zvimwe zveizvi pasina mubvunzo zvichabatanidza kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro penzira dzatinogona kutsigira nadzo marudzi akasiyana-siyana uye ane mavara akasiyana-siyana ezvipenyu zvinotama zvinotsamira pakufarirwa kwevavakidzani vorudzi rwedu kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba sekufarira kwedu pachedu uye kuzvipira kukuchengetedza kwavo. .

Pakupedzisira, kutyisidzira kwazvino kune mhuka dzesango dzinotama dzinogona kugadziriswa zvinobudirira kana vatori vechikamu vanofarira mukupona kwavo vanogona kushanda pamwechete semubatanidzwa wehurongwa, kugovana ruzivo, zviitiko, matambudziko, uye mhinduro. Kune yedu chikamu, WHMSI inotsvaga ku:

1. Vakai nyika simba rekuchengetedza nekugadzirisa mhuka dzesango dzinotama
2. Kuvandudza kutaurirana kwehemispheric pamusoro pekuchengetedza nyaya dzinowanzofarira
3. Simbisai kupanana ruzivo rwunodiwa pakuita sarudzo mune ruzivo
4. Ipa forum umo nyaya dziri kubuda dzinogona kutariswa nekugadziriswa