In ka badan 100 kooxood ayaa ka soo horjeeda HR 3133

January 9, 2018 

Xubinta qaaliga ah ee Guddiga Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah ee Aqalka:

Waxaan kaa codsaneynaa inaad u codeyso "maya" HR 3133, oo ah sharci si weyn u wiiqi doona Xeerka Ilaalinta Naasleyda Badda (MMPA), ka go'naanta qarankeena ee ilaalinta dhammaan naasleyda badda: nibiriga, dolphins, shaabado, libaax badeed, walruses, badda gorgortanka, orso polar, iyo manatees.

Isagoo ka duulaya qaylo-dhaanta Maraykanku ka qabo hoos u dhaca xooggan ee dadka naasleyda badaha ah, Congress-ku wuxuu ansixiyay MMPA isagoo taageero xooggan ka helaya laba xisbi, madaxweyne Richard Nixonna wuxuu u saxeexay sharci Oktoobar 1972. Sharcigu wuxuu ilaaliyaa naasleyda badda iyo dadkooda, wuxuuna khuseeyaa dhammaan dadka. iyo maraakiib ku sugan biyaha Maraykanka, iyo sidoo kale muwaadiniin Maraykan ah iyo maraakiibta calanka Maraykanka ee ku sugan badda sare. Marka la eego isticmaalka bini'aadamka ee badda - maraakiibta, kalluumeysiga, horumarinta tamarta, difaaca, macdanta iyo dalxiiska - waxay sii fidayaan, baahida loo qabo ka hortagga iyo yaraynta waxyeelada waxyeelada leh ee naasleyda badda ayaa hadda ka sii weyn markii MMPA la sameeyay 45 sano ka hor.

Naasleyda badda ayaa muhiim u ah caafimaadka badaha, waxaana wali haysanaa wax badan oo aan ka baran karno doorkooda maadaama dhaqdhaqaaqa nolosha badda ay aad ugu adag tahay in la barto marka loo eego kuwa berriga. Tusaale ahaan, nibiriyada waaweyn - kuwaas oo ay ku jiraan xayawaanka ugu weyn taariikhda nolosha dhulka - waxay u guuraan nafaqooyinka iyada oo loo marayo badweynta labadaba si toos ah iyo si toos ah iyada oo loo marayo masaafo aad u weyn, oo taageeraya noocyo kale oo badan oo nolosha badda ah.

Naasleyda badda waxay sidoo kale si weyn uga faa'iideystaan ​​dhaqaalaha Mareykanka. Iyada oo la ilaalinayo urchins-badeedka cunaya haramaha badda isla markaana awood u siinaya kaymaha kelp in ay dib u koraan oo ay qabtaan kaarboon-ogsaydhsaydh, otters-yada badda California waxay hagaajinayaan deegaanka loogu talagalay noocyada kalluunka ganacsiga, ka ilaalinta xeebta nabaad-guurka iyaga oo yareynaya xoogga hirarka badda, iyo soo jiidashada dalxiisayaasha antics soo jiidasho leh. Meheradaha daawashada nibiriga waxay ku koraan gobol kasta oo xeebaha Maraykanka ah, iyada oo in ka badan 450 meherado daawashada nibiriga, 5 milyan oo ilaaliyayaasha nibiriga, iyo wadarta dakhliga ku dhow $1 bilyan ee dalxiiska xeebaha 2008 (sannadkii ugu dambeeyay kaas oo tirooyin dhamaystiran la heli karo). Dhanka kale, manatees barbaro booqdayaasha Florida, gaar ahaan xilliga qaboobaha marka manatees kulmi meelaha diiran u dhow ilo biyo nadiif ah.

Mid ka mid ah naasleyda badda ee laga helay biyaha Mareykanka oo dabar go'ay 45 sano tan iyo markii MMPA ay noqotay sharci, xitaa iyadoo dhaqdhaqaaqa aadanaha ee badda ay si aad ah u kordheen. Intaa waxaa dheer, naasleyda badaha ayaa si fiican uga shaqeynaya biyaha Mareykanka, iyadoo noocyo yar ay halis ugu jiraan inay dabar go'aan halkan marka loo eego biyaha ka baxsan Mareykanka. Noocyo dhowr ah oo hoos u dhigay heerka halista ah ayaa horumar la taaban karo ka sameeyay soo celinta tooda 

dadyowga hoos yimaada ilaalinta MMPA, oo ay ku jiraan dekeddo ku yaal badweynta Atlaantigga iyo maroodiga ku yaal Xeebta Galbeed. Noocyadani way soo hagaagayaan iyada oo ay u mahadcelinayaan MMPA, sidaas awgeed way iska ilaalinayaan baahida ilaalinta ee hoos timaada Xeerka Noocyada Dabar go'a (ESA). Labada qof ee nibiriga humpback ee ku quudiya Maraykanka, iyo sidoo kale bariga Woqooyiga Baasifigga cawlan ee baasifigga iyo dadka bari ee libaaxyada badda ee Steller, ayaa si weyn u soo fiicnaaday iyadoo la kaashanayo ESA. 
Inkastoo guulahaas la gaaray, MMPA hadda waxaa lagu hayaa weerar culus. HR 3133 waxa ay doonaysaa in ay kor u qaaddo muranka ka dhashay baadhista saliidda iyo gaaska ee xeebaha, iyo sidoo kale hawlaha kale ee warshadaha ee badda, iyada oo meesha ka saaraysa ilaalinta ku jirta wadnaha MMPA. Sharcigu waxa uu si weyn u wiiqi doonaa jaangooyooyinka sharciga ah ee soo saarista Ogolaanshaha Dhibaataynta Dhacdooyinka (IHAs), ka hortegidda saynisyahannada wakaaladda in ay u baahdaan ku dhawaad ​​nooc kasta oo yaraynta, si adag u xaddidaya la socodka saamaynta ay ku yeelanayaan naasleyda badda, oo soo rogi doona nidaam waqti kama-dambays ah iyo oggolaansho toos ah ka dhig mid adag, haddayna suurtogal ahayn, saynisyahannadu inay bixiyaan dib-u-eegis kasta oo macno leh oo ku saabsan hawlaha waxyeellada leh. Cawaaqibta xun ee isbeddeladan ee ilaalinta naasleyda badda ayaa noqon doonta mid qoto dheer.

Qodobada HR 3133 ay wax u dhimi karto ayaa lama huraan u ah ilaalinta hoos timaada MMPA. Dhibaataynta ka timaadda waxqabadyada warshadaha waxay wax u dhimi kartaa dhaqamada muhiimka ah-sida caleenta, taranta, iyo kalkaalinta - kuwaas oo naasleyda baddu ay ku tiirsan yihiin inay noolaadaan oo ay tarmaan. MMPA waxay hubisaa in saamaynta hawlahan si habboon loo habeeyey oo la yareeyey. Si loo wiiqo qodobbada asaasiga ah ee sahaminta saliidda iyo gaaska iyo hawlaha kale, sida HR 3133 ay doonayso, waxay ku soo rogi doontaa naasleyda badda ee Maraykanka waxyeello aan loo baahnayn oo ka dhigaysa mid aad u badan in dadkooda ay khatar gelin doonaan ama khatar gelin doonaan mustaqbalka.

In kasta oo aysan jirin noocyada naasleyda badda ee Mareykanka oo dabar go'ay, qaarna ay soo kabsadeen, qaar kalena waxay wajahayaan xaalad adag oo ku aaddan badbaadadooda, oo ay ku jiraan nibiriyada Bryde ee Gacanka Mexico, nibiriyada dilaaga beenta ah ee Hawaii iyo Galbeedka Waqooyiga Atlantic, nibiriyada Cuvier's beaked in the woqooyiga Baasifigga, iyo saamiyada Pribilof Island/Bariga Baasifigga ee daboolka dhogorta woqooyi. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah xayawaankan ayaa halis ugu jira inay u dhintaan isku dhaca maraakiibta ama isku-xidhka qalabka kalluumeysiga, dhammaantoodna waxay wajahayaan saameynta walaaca joogtada ah, oo ay ku jiraan buuqa badda iyo wasakhowga, kuwaas oo wiiqaya awooddooda inay koraan oo ay tarmaan.

Xiritaanka, waxaan ku waydiisanaynaa taageeradaada sharciga ilaalinta sariirta, iyo "maya" codkaaga HR 3133 ee calaamadaynta Guddiga Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah ee Golaha berrito. 

Daacadnimo, 
108 shirkadood oo ganacsi iyo ururo ah oo aan saxeexay 

1. Oceana 
2. Machadka Acoustic Ecology Institute 
3. Altamaha Riverkeeper 
4. American Cetacean Society 
5. American Cetacean Society Oregon cutubka 
6. Isbahaysiga Ardayda Bulshada Cetacean ee Maraykanka 
7. Machadka daryeelka xoolaha 
8. Adeegga Barkadda Wanaagsan 
9. Xudduudda Buluugga ah 
10.Blue Sphere Foundation 
11.BlueVoice.org 
12.Xarunta Xeebta Joogta ah 
13.Xarunta Kala Duwanaanshaha Nafleyda 
14.Xarunta Cilmi Baadhista nibiriga 
15.Cetacean Society International 
16.Chukchi Sea Watch 
17.Shacabka Ololaha Deegaanka 
18.Clean Water Action 
19.Sharciga Cimilada & Mashruuca Siyaasadda 
20.Coffee Party Savannah 
21.Mu'asasada Sharciga Ilaalinta 
22.Qashinka Badweynta Xorta ah 
23. Difaacayaasha Duurjoogta 
24.Dogwood Alliance 
25.Earth Action, Inc. 
26.Earth Law Center 
27.Caddaalad dhuleed 
28.Eco Goddess 
29.EcoStrings 
30.Isbahaysiga Noocyada Qarsoon 
31.Kulanka Deegaanka, California Democratic Party 
32.Sanduuqa Difaaca Deegaanka 
33. Helitaanka 52 LLC 
34.Food and Farming Forum 
35.Friends of the Sea Otter 
36.Gotham Whale 
37.Greenpeace USA 
38.Group for East End 
39.Shabakadda Soo Celinta Gacanka 
40.Hackensack Riverkeeper 
41.Gacmaha Gudba Ciidda/Dhulka 
42.Dhaxalaasha Baddeena 
43.Hip Hop Caucus 
44.Sanduuqa Sharci Dajinta Bulshada 
45. Fallbrook aan la qaybin 
46.Isbahaysiga Badweynta Gudaha & Colorado Ocean Coalition 
47.Inland Ocean Coalition / Colorado Ocean Coalition 
48.Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University 
49.Sanduuqa caalamiga ah ee daryeelka xoolaha 
50.International Marine Mammal Project of Earth Island Institute 
51.Kingfisher Eastsound Studio 
52.Horyaalka Ilaalinta Codbixiyayaasha 
53.LegaSeas 
54.Machadka ilaalinta badda 
55.Marine Mammal Alliance Nantucket 
56.Marine Watch International 
57.Mission Buluug 
58.Mize Family Foundation 
59.Aquarium Mystic 
60.Ururka Audubon Qaranka 
61.Ururka ilaalinta seerayaasha qaranka 
62.Golaha Difaaca Khayraadka Dabiiciga ah 
63.Dabeecada Rajada 
64.New England Coastal Wildlife Alliance 
65.NY/NJ Baykeeper 
66.Cilmi-baarista ilaalinta badweynta 
67.Bulshada Ilaalinta Badweynta 
68.Boqol mayl 
69.Hal ka badan 
70.Xeer ilaaliyaha Degmada Orange/Biyo ilaaliye Boqortooyadii Gudaha 
71.Orca Conservancy 
72.Xarunta bangiyada dibadda ee cilmi baarista Dolphin 
73.Pacific Environment 
74.Pacific Marine Mammal Center 
75.PAX Scientific 
76.Shabakadda Shift Power 
77.Public Watchdogs 
78.Puget Soundkeeper Alliance 
79.Badaha dib u curashada 
80. Badmaaxayaal badda 
81.San Diego Hydro 
82.San Fernando Valley Audubon Society 
83.SandyHook SeaLife Foundation (SSF) 
84.Xeebahayaga Badbaadiya 
85.Save The Bay 
86.Manatee naadigii badbaadi 
87.Badbaadiyaha nibiriga iyo badaha 
88.Seattle Aquarium 
89.Shark Sterds 
90.Sierra Club 
91.Kooxda Badda ee Sierra Club 
92.Sonoma Coast Surfrider 
93.South Carolina Coastal Conservation League 
94.Xarunta Sharciga Deegaanka Koonfur 
95.Surfrider Foundation 
96.Sylvia Earle Alliance / Mission Blue 
97.Mashruucii Dolphin 
98.Ururka Aadamaha ee Maraykanka 
99. Aasaaska Badweynta 
100. Shirkadda Video Whale 
101. Bulshada duurjoogta ah 
102. Aragtida Awoodda, LLC. 
103. Golaha Deegaanka ee Washington 
104. Toddobaadyo La-talin 
105. Ilaalinta nibiriga iyo Dolphin 
106. Whale Scout 
107. Duurjoogta Mashruuca Dolphin 
108. Ilaalinta Xayawaanka Adduunka (US)