Macdanta badda qoto dheer - Tijaabada Baasifigga

Shirkadda Kanada ee macdanta Nautilus Minerals Inc. ayaa sumcaddeeda ku leh soo saarista hawshii ugu horreysay ee macdan qodista badda qoto dheer (DSM). Badda Bismarck ee Papua New Guinea ayaa loo calaamadeeyay inay tahay goobta lagu tijaabiyo farsamadan aan hore loo arag. Shirkado kale oo badan - oo ka socda Japan, Shiinaha, Kuuriya, UK, Kanada, USA, Jarmalka iyo Ruushka - ayaa sugaya in Nautilus ay si guul leh uga keeni karto biraha sagxada badda si ay u dhalaaliso ka hor intaysan naftooda gelin. Waxay hore u qaateen shatiyada sahaminta oo daboolaya in ka badan 1.5 milyan oo kiilomitir oo laba jibbaaran oo ka mid ah badda Pacific-ga. Intaa waxaa dheer, shatiyada sahaminta hadda waxay sidoo kale daboolayaan aagagga ballaaran ee sagxadaha badda Atlantic iyo Badweynta Hindiya.

Jahawareerkan sahaminta DSM waxa uu ku soo beegmayaa iyada oo aanay jirin nidaamyo nidaamiya ama meelaha ilaalinta si loo ilaaliyo hab-nololeedyada gaarka ah iyo kuwa yar ee la yaqaan ee badda moolka ah iyo iyada oo aan lagala tashan bulshooyinka ay saamayso DSM. Intaa waxaa dheer, cilmi-baarista cilmi-baarista ee saameyntu wali aad ayey u xaddidan tahay mana bixiso wax hubaal ah in caafimaadka bulshooyinka xeebaha iyo kalluumeysiga ay ku tiirsan yihiin la dammaanad qaadi doono.

Ololaha Macdanta Badda Deep waa urur ay ku midaysan yihiin ururo iyo muwaadiniin ka kala socda Papua New Guinea, Australia iyo Canada oo ka walaacsan saamaynta ay DSM ku yeelan karto nidaamka deegaanka badda iyo xeebaha iyo bulshooyinka. Ujeedooyinka ololaha ayaa ah in la gaaro Oggolaanshaha Bilaashka ah, Horay iyo Xog Ogaal ee ka yimid bulshooyinka ay saameysay iyo ku dhaqanka mabda'a taxaddarka.

Si fudud u dhig waxaan aaminsanahay in:

Bulshooyinka ay saamaysay waa in ay ku lug yeeshaan go'aannada ku saabsan in macdanta qotodheer ee badda la sii wado iyo in kale xaqa diidmada qayaxan ee miinooyinka la soo jeediyay, Iyo in
▪ Cilmi-baaris si madax-bannaan loo xaqiijiyay waa in la qabtaa si loo muujiyo in bulshooyinka iyo nidaamyada deegaanka midkoodna uusan la kulmi doonin saameyn xun oo mustaqbalka fog ah - ka hor inta aan la oggolaan in macdanta la bilaabo.

Shirkaduhu waxay muujiyeen xiisaha saddex nooc oo DSM ah - macdanta cobalt cuts, nodules polymetallic, iyo kaydka sulphides ballaaran ee sagxada badda. Waa kan dambe oo lagu doodi karo inuu yahay kan ugu soo jiidashada badan macdan qodayaasha (inay qani ku yihiin zinc, copper, silver, gold, lead iyo earths naadir) - iyo tan ugu muranka badan. Macdanta sulfide-yada baaxadda leh ee sagxadda badda waxay u badan tahay inay u keento waxyeelada ugu weyn ee deegaanka iyo khataraha caafimaad ee ugu sarreeya bulshooyinka xeebaha iyo hab-nololeedyada deegaanka.

Sulfidhiyada dabaqa badeedku waxay ku wareegsan yihiin hawo-mareenada-hydrothermal – ilo kulul oo ka dhaca silsiladaha buuraha volcano ee biyaha hoostooda. Kumanaan sano ayaa daruuro madow oo bir ah oo sulfide ah ayaa ka soo baxay hawo-mareenada, iyaga oo degay tuulooyin waaweyn oo ilaa malaayiin tan oo baaxad ah.

saamaynta
Nautilus Minerals ayaa la siiyay shatigii ugu horeysay ee aduunka si ay uga shaqeyso miino badeed qoto dheer. Waxa ay qorshaynaysaa in ay ka soo saarto dahabka iyo naxaasta sagxadda badda ee sulphides-ka weyn ee Badda Bismarck ee PNG. Goobta miinada ee Solwara 1 waxay qiyaastii 50 km u jirtaa magaalada Rabaul ee Bariga New Britain waxayna 30 km u jirtaa xeebta Gobolka New Ireland. Ololaha DSM waxa uu soo saaray qiimayn faahfaahsan oo oceanographic ah bishii Noofambar 2012 taas oo muujinaysa in bulshooyinka xeebaha ahi ay suurtogal tahay in ay halis ugu jiraan sunta biraha culus sababtoo ah qulqulka iyo qulqulka goobta Solwara 1.[1]

Wax aad u yar ayaa laga fahamsan yahay saamaynta suurtagalka ah ee qof kasta oo ka mid ah miinada qoto dheer ee badda, iska daayee saamaynta isugeynta ee miinooyinka badan ee laga yaabo in la horumariyo. Xaaladaha ku xeeran hawo-mareenada kulaylka biyaha ayaa ka duwan meel kasta oo meeraha ka mid ah tanina waxay keentay hab-nololeedyo gaar ah. Saynis yahanada qaar ayaa aaminsan in hawo-mareenada kulaylka (hydrothermal) ay yihiin meeshii noloshu markii ugu horaysay ka bilaabatay dhulka. Hadday sidaas tahay, bay'adahan iyo hab-nololeedyadan waxay ku siin karaan fikrado horumarka nolosha. Waxa aan si dirqi ah u bilownay in aan fahamno hab-nololeedyada badda ee qoto dheer kuwaaso haysta in ka badan 90% bannaanka badda.[2]

Hawlgal kasta oo macdan qodis ah waxa uu si toos ah u burburin doonaa kumanaan ka mid ah samaynta hawo-mareenada biyaha-biyoodka ah iyo hab-nololeedkooda gaarka ah - iyada oo ay suurtogal tahay in noocyada kala duwani ay dabar go'aan ka hor inta aan la aqoonsan. Qaar badan ayaa ku doodaya in burburinta hawo-mareenada kaliya ay bixinayso sabab ku filan oo aan loo ansixin mashaariicda DSM. Laakiin waxaa jira khataro kale oo halis ah sida sunta suurtagalka ah ee biraha kuwaas oo laga yaabo inay galaan silsiladaha cuntada badda.

Daraasado iyo qaabayn ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo go'aamiyo biraha la sii deyn doono, nooca kiimikooyinka ay ku jiri doonaan, ilaa xadka ay ka heli doonaan silsiladaha cuntada, sida ay u wasakhaysan yihiin cuntooyinka badda ee ay cunaan bulshada maxalliga ah, iyo saamaynta ay kuwani yeelan doonaan. biraha waxay yeelan doonaan kalluumeysiga ee muhiimka ah maxalliga, qaranka iyo gobolka.

Ilaa markaas waa in hab taxaddar leh lagu dabaqaa iyadoo hakad la gelinayo sahaminta iyo qodista macdanta qotoda dheer ee badda.

Codka bulshada ee ka soo horjeeda macdanta qoto dheer ee badda
Baaqa lagu joojinayo qodista sariiraha badda ee tijaabada ah ee Badweynta Baasifigga ayaa sii kordhaya. Bulshooyinka maxalliga ah ee Papua New Guinea iyo Baasifigga waxay ka hadlayaan warshadahan xuduudka ah.[3] Tan waxa ka mid ahaa soo bandhigida codsi leh in ka badan 24,000 oo saxeex oo loo gudbiyay dawladda PNG oo ugu baaqaysa dawladaha Baasifiga inay joojiyaan tijaabada macdanta badda.[4]
Waligeed taariikhda PNG may soo marin soo jeedin horumarineed oo ka soo horjeeday mucaarid aad u balaadhan – oo ka kala socday wakiilada beelaha deegaanka, ardayda, hogaamiyayaasha kaniisadaha, ururada aan dawliga ahayn, aqoonyahanada, shaqaalaha waaxyaha dawlada iyo xildhibaanada qaranka iyo gobolka.

Haweenka Baasifiga ayaa kor u qaaday fariinta 'joojinta tijaabada macdanta sariirta badda' shirka caalamiga ah ee Rio+20 ee Brazil.[5] Halka bulshooyinka New Zealand ay isugu tageen olole ka dhan ah macdanta bacaadkooda madow iyo badahooda hoose.[6]
Bishii Maarso 2013, Shirka Baasifigga ee Kaniisadaha 10aad Golaha Guud wuxuu soo saaray qaraar lagu joojinayo dhammaan noocyada tijaabada ah ee macdanta badda ee Pacific-ga.[7]

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shatiyada sahaminta ayaa lagu bixinayaa heer cabsi leh. Codad badan waa in la maqlo si loo joojiyo daawashada DSM inay noqoto mid dhab ah.

Nagu biir ciidamada:
Ku biir ololaha Macdanta Badda Deep e-liiska adiga oo iimayl u diraya: [emailka waa la ilaaliyay]. Fadlan nala soo socodsii haddii adiga ama ururkaagu aad jeclaan lahaydeen inaad nala shaqeysaan.

Macluumaad dheeraad ah:
Mareegtayada: www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org
Warbixinta Ololaha: http://www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/report
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/deepseaminingpacific
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NoDeepSeaMining
Youtube: http://youtube.com/StopDeepSeaMining

Tixraacyo:
[1] Dr. John Luick, 'Qiimaynta Jireed ee Badweynta Bay ee Saamaynta Deegaanka Nautilus ee Mashruuca Solwara 1 - Dib u Eegis Madaxbanaan', Ololaha Macdanta Badda qoto dheer http://www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/report
[2] www.savethesea.org/STS%20ocean_facts.htm
[3] www.deepseaminingourofourdepth.org/community-testimonies
[4] www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/tag/petition/
[5] NGO-yada Baasifiga ayaa kor u qaaday Ololaha Badweynta ee Rio+20, Ganacsiga Island, Juun 15 2012,
www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/pacific-ngos-step-up-oceans-campaign-at-rio20
[6] kasm.org; deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/tag/new-zealand
[7] 'Call for impact research', Dawn Gibson, 11 March 2013, Fiji Times Online, www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=227482

Ololaha Macdanta Badda ee Deep Sea waa mashruuc Mu'asasada Badweynta