Blue moruo

1. Selelekela
2. Blue Economy ke eng?
3. Tšusumetso ea Moruo
4. Temo ea Metsi le Litlhapi
5. Bohahlauli, Maeto a Likepe, le Litlhapi tsa Boithabiso
6. Theknoloji ho Moruo o Putsoa
7. Khōlo e Putsoa
8. 'Muso oa Sechaba le Mosebetsi oa Machaba oa Mokhatlo

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Tobetsa ka tlase ho ithuta haholoanyane ka mokhoa oa rona oa moruo o tsitsitseng:

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1. Selelekela

Mebuso e ne e itšetlehile ka ho feletseng ho sebelisoa ha lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho, hammoho le khoebo ea thepa ea bareki (masela, linoko, li-chinaware), le (ka masoabi) makhoba 'me ba itšetlehile ka leoatle bakeng sa lipalangoang. Esita le phetohelo ea indasteri e ne e tsamaisoa ke oli e tsoang leoatleng, hobane ntle le oli ea spermaceti ho tlotsa mechine, tekanyo ea tlhahiso e ka be e sa fetoha. Batsetedi, baitseanape, le madirelo a inshorense a a sa tswang go simologa (Lloyd’s of London) botlhe ba ne ba agiwa ka ntlha ya go nna le seabe mo kgwebong ya boditšhabatšhaba ya mawatle ka ditswaiso, oli ya maruarua le dimetale tse di tlhwatlhwakgolo.

Kahoo, ho tsetela moruong oa maoatle ho batla ho tšoana le moruo oa maoatle ka boona. Joale ke hobane'ng ha re bua joalokaha eka ho na le ntho e ncha? Ke hobane'ng ha re qapa poleloana "the blue economic?" Hobaneng re nahana hore ho na le monyetla o mocha oa kholo ho tsoa ho "moruo o moputsoa?"

The (e ncha) Blue Economy e bua ka mesebetsi ea moruo e thehiloeng ho eona, 'me e leng molemong oa maoatle, leha litlhaloso li fapana. Le hoja khopolo ea Blue Economy e ntse e tsoela pele ho fetoha le ho ikamahanya le maemo, tsoelo-pele ea moruo libakeng tsa leoatle le lebōpong la leoatle e ka etsoa ho sebetsa e le motheo oa tsoelo-pele e tsitsitseng lefatšeng ka bophara.

Motheong oa mohopolo o mocha oa Moruo o Putsoa ke ho hokahanngoa ha nts'etsopele ea moruo oa sechaba ho tloha ho senyeha ha tikoloho… karoloana ea moruo oa maoatle o nang le ts'ebetso e nchafatsang le ho tsosolosa e lebisang ntlafatsong ea bophelo bo botle ba batho, ho kenyeletsoa ts'ireletso ea lijo le tlhahiso. ea mekhoa ea boipheliso e tsitsitseng.

Mark J. Spalding | Hlakola, 2016

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2. Blue Economy ke eng?

Spalding, MJ (2021, May 26) Ho Tsetela ho Moruo o Mocha oa Blue. Ocean Foundation. E khutlisoa ho: https://youtu.be/ZsVxTrluCvI

The Ocean Foundation is a partner and advisor of Rockefeller Capital Management, helping identify public companies whose products and services meet the needs of a healthy human relationship with the ocean. TOF President Mark J. Spalding discusses this partnership and investing in a sustainable blue economy in a recent 2021 webinar.  

Wenhai L., Cusack C., Baker M., Tao W., Mingbao C., Paige K., Xiaofan Z., Levin L., Escobar E., Amon D., Yue Y., Reitz A., Neves AAS , O'Rourke E., Mannarini G., Pearlman J., Tinker J., Horsburgh KJ, Lehodey P., Pouliquen S., Dale T., Peng Z. and Yufeng Y. (2019, June 07). Mehlala e Atlehileng ea Moruo o Putsoa ka Ho Hatisa Maikutlo a Machaba. Meeli ho Saense ea Marine 6 (261). E nkiloe ho: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00261

The Blue Economy e sebetsa e le moralo le leano bakeng sa mesebetsi e tsitsitseng ea moruo oa maoatleng hammoho le mekhoa e mecha ea maoatle. Pampiri ena e fana ka kakaretso e felletseng hammoho le liphuputso tsa theory le tsa lefatše tsa 'nete tse emelang libaka tse fapaneng tsa lefats'e ho fana ka tumellano ea Moruo o Putsoa ka kakaretso.

Banos Ruiz, I. (2018, July 03). Moruo o Putsoa: Eseng bakeng sa Litlhapi feela. Deutsche Welle. E nkiloe ho: https://p.dw.com/p/2tnP6.

Kenyelletsong e khuts'oane ea Moruo o Putsoa, ​​seboholi sa machaba sa Deutsche Welle Jeremane se fana ka kakaretso e tobileng ea Moruo oa Blue Economy. Ha a bua ka litšokelo tse kang ho tšoasa litlhapi ho feta tekano, phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo le tšilafalo ea polasetiki, mongoli o pheha khang ea hore se sebe ho leoatle se sebe ho batho 'me ho ntse ho e-na le libaka tse ngata tse hlokang tšebelisano-'moho e tsoelang pele ho sireletsa leruo le leholo la moruo oa leoatle.

Keen, M., Schwarz, AM, Wini-Simeon, L. (Hlakola 2018). Malebana le ho Hlalosa Moruo o Putsoa: Lithuto tsa Sebetsa ho Tsoa Pusong ea Leoatle la Pacific. Leano la Marine. Moq. 88 makhasi. 333 - leq. 341. E nkiloe ho: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.002

Bangoli ba thehile moralo oa mohopolo oa ho sebetsana le mefuta e fapaneng ea mantsoe a amanang le Blue Economy. Moralo ona o bontšoa thutong ea mohlala ea libaka tse tharo tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi Solomon Islands: mebaraka e menyenyane, ea naha ea litoropong, le nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea machaba ka ho lokisa tuna. Boemong bo tlase, ho ntse ho na le liphephetso ho tloha ho tšehetso ea lehae, tekano ea tekano le mabatooa a lipolotiki a lehae ao kaofela a amang botsitso ba Moruo o Putsoa.

Letlōle la Lefatše la Liphoofolo Tse Hlaha (2018) Melao-motheo ea Kakaretso ea Moruo o Ts'oarellang oa Blue. Letlōle la Lefatše la Liphoofolo Tse Hlaha. E khutlisoa ho: https://wwf.panda.org/our_work/oceans/publications/?247858/Principles-for-a-Sustainable-Blue-Economy

Melawana ya World Wildlife Fund's for Sustainable Blue Economy e ikemiseditse ho hlakisa ka bokgutshwanyane mohopolo wa Moruo o Putswa ho netefatsa hore ntshetsopele ya moruo wa mawatle e kenya letsoho katlehong ya nnete. Sengoliloeng se pheha khang ea hore Moruo o Putsoa o tsitsitseng o lokela ho laoloa ke lits'ebetso tsa sechaba le tsa poraefete tse kenyeletsang bohle, tse nang le tsebo e ntle, tse feto-fetohang, tse ikarabellang, tse pepeneneng, tse akaretsang, le tse sebetsang. Ho finyella lipakane tsena batšoantšisi ba sechaba le ba poraefete ba tlameha ho ipehela lipakane tse ka lekanyetsoang, ho lekola le ho buisana ka tšebetso ea bona, ho fana ka melao le likhothatso tse lekaneng, ho laola tšebeliso ea sebaka sa leoatle ka nepo, ho hlaolela litekanyetso, ho utloisisa tšilafalo ea leoatle hangata e simolohang lefatšeng, le ho sebelisana ka mafolofolo ho khothaletsa phetoho. .

Grimm, K. le J. Fitzsimmons. (2017, October 6) Lipatlisiso le Litlhahiso mabapi le Puisano ka Moruo oa Blue. Spitfire. PDF

Spitfire e thehile tlhahlobo ea tikoloho mabapi le puisano e mabapi le Moruo o Putsoa bakeng sa Seboka sa 2017 sa Mid-Atlantic Blue Ocean Economy 2030. Tlhahlobo e senotse bothata bo ka sehloohong e ntse e le ho hloka tlhaloso le tsebo liindastering ka bobeli le har'a sechaba ka kakaretso le baetsi ba melao. Har'a likhothaletso tsa tlatsetso tse leshome le metso e 'meli li hlahisitse sehlooho se ts'oanang mabapi le tlhokahalo ea leano la melaetsa le boitlamo bo mafolofolo.

Mokhatlo oa Lijo le Temo oa Machaba a Kopaneng. (2017, May 3). Tumellano ea Kholo ea Blue e Cabo Verde. Machaba a Kopaneng. E khutlisoa ho: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmw4kvfUnZI

Mokgatlo wa Matjhaba a Kopaneng wa Dijo le Temo o tshehetsa Dinaha tse Hlabolohang tsa Dihlekehlekeng tse Nyenyane ka diporojeke tse ngatanyana ho pota lefatshe, ho kenyeletswa le Blue Growth Charter. Cape Verde e khethiloe e le projeke ea teko ea Tšhata ea Blue Growth ho khothaletsa maano le matsete a amanang le nts'etsopele ea moshoelella ea maoatle. Video ena e totobatsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa Moruo o Putsoa ho kenyelletsa le litlamorao bakeng sa baahi ba lehae tse sa hlahisoang hangata ka litlhaloso tse kholo tsa Moruo o Putsoa.

Spalding, MJ (2016, Hlakola). The New Blue Economy: Bokamoso ba Moshoelella. Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics. E khutlisoa ho: http://dx.doi.org/10.15351/2373-8456.1052

Blue Economy e ncha ke lentsoe le hlahisitsoeng ho hlalosa mesebetsi e khothalletsang likamano tse ntle pakeng tsa boiteko ba batho, mesebetsi ea moruo le boiteko ba paballo.

Morero oa Lichelete oa Lenaneo la Tikoloho la UN. (2021, Hlakubele). Phetoho ea Leqhubu: Mokhoa oa ho fana ka lichelete tsa ho hlaphoheloa ha maoatle ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng: Tataiso e sebetsang bakeng sa mekhatlo ea lichelete ho etella pele ho hlaphoheloa ho tsitsitseng ha maoatle. E ka khoasolla mona webosaeteng ena.

Tataiso ena ea mantlha e fanoeng ke Leano la Lichelete la Lenaneo la Tikoloho la Machaba a Kopaneng ke sesebelisoa sa pele sa 'maraka bakeng sa litsi tsa lichelete ho theha mesebetsi ea tsona ho tšehetsa moruo o tsitsitseng o tsitsitseng. E etselitsoe libanka, li-insurers le batseteli, tataiso e hlalosa mokhoa oa ho qoba le ho fokotsa likotsi le litlamorao tsa tikoloho le sechaba, hammoho le ho totobatsa menyetla, ha ho fana ka chelete ho lik'hamphani kapa merero ka har'a moruo o moputsoa. Mafapha a mahlano a bohlokoa a maoatle aa hlahlojoa, a khethiloe bakeng sa khokahano ea 'ona le lichelete tsa poraefete: lijo tsa leoatleng, likepe, likou, bohahlauli ba lebopong le leoatleng le matla a ka nchafatsoang a maoatleng, haholo moea o tsoang kantle ho naha.

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3. Tšusumetso ea Moruo

Asian Development Bank / International Finance Corporation ka tšebelisano 'moho le International Capital Market Association (ICMA), United National Environment Program Finance Initiative (UNEP FI), le United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) (2023, September). Li-Bonds ho Lichelete tsa Moruo o Ts'oarellang oa Blue: Tataiso ea Lingaka. https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Sustainable-finance/Bonds-to-Finance-the-Sustainable-Blue-Economy-a-Practitioners-Guide-September-2023.pdf

Tataiso e ncha mabapi le li-blue bond ho thusa ho notlolla lichelete bakeng sa moruo o tsitsitseng oa maoatle | International Capital Market Association (ICMA) mmoho le International Finance Corporation (IFC) - setho sa World Bank Group, United Nations Global Compact, Asian Development Bank le UNEP FI ba thehile tataiso ea litsebi tsa lefats'e bakeng sa libonto ho tšehetsa lichelete tsa moshoelella. moruo o moputsoa. Tataiso ena ea boithaopo e fa barupeluoa ba mebaraka litekanyetso tse hlakileng, litloaelo le mehlala ea likalimo le liphaello tsa "blue bond". Ho bokella maikutlo ho tsoa limmarakeng tsa lichelete, indasteri ea maoatle le mekhatlo ea lefats'e, e fana ka tlhahisoleseding ka likarolo tsa bohlokoa tse amehang ho thakholong "blue bond" e tšepahalang, mokhoa oa ho hlahloba phello ea tikoloho ea matsete a "blue bond"; le mehato e hlokahalang ho tsamaisa litšebelisano tse bolokang botšepehi ba 'maraka.

Spalding, MJ (2021, December 17). Ho Lekanya Matsete a Moruo oa Maoatle o tsitsitseng. Wilson Center. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/measuring-sustainable-ocean-economy-investing

Ho tsetela moruong o tsitsitseng oa maoatle ha se feela taba ea ho khanna litefello tse fetotsoeng ka maemo a kotsi, empa hape ke ho fana ka ts'ireletso le tsosoloso ea mehloli e mengata e sa bonahaleng e putsoa. Re sisinya likarolo tse supileng tse kholo tsa matsete a tsitsitseng a moruo, a maemong a fapaneng 'me a ka amohelang matsete a sechaba kapa a poraefete, ho tšehetsa likoloto, ho fana ka liphallelo, le mehloli e meng ea lichelete. Likarolo tsena tse supileng ke: matla a maoatle a moruo le sechaba, ho ntlafatsa lipalangoang tsa maoatle, matla a ka nchafatsoang maoatleng, matsete a lijo a tsoang maoatleng, theknoloji ea maoatle, ho hloekisa maoatle, le mesebetsi e lebelletsoeng ea moloko o latelang oa maoatle. Ho feta moo, baeletsi ba matsete le beng ba thepa ba ka ts'ehetsa matsete moruong o moputsoa, ​​ho kenyeletsoa ka ho hohela lik'hamphani le ho li hulela boitšoarong bo betere, lihlahisoa le lits'ebeletso.

Metroeconomica, The Ocean Foundation, le WRI Mexico. (2021, Pherekhong 15). Theko ea Moruo ea Lits'ebeletso tsa Lits'oants'o tsa Reef Sebakeng sa MAR le Thepa le Litšebeletso tseo ba fanang ka tsona, Tlaleho ea ho Qetela. Banka ea Ntšetso-pele ea Linaha tsa Amerika. PDF.

Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS kapa MAR) ke sebaka se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa tikoloho ea mafika Amerika le sebaka sa bobeli ho tse kholo lefatšeng. Boithuto bona bo ile ba nahana ka lits'ebeletso, lits'ebeletso tsa setso, le lits'ebeletso tsa taolo tse fanoang ke tikoloho ea mafika sebakeng sa MAR, mme e fumane hore bohahlauli le boithabiso li kentse letsoho ka limilione tse 4,092 tsa USD Seterekeng sa Mesoamerican, 'me botšoasi ba litlhapi ba kenya letsoho ka limilione tse 615 tsa USD. Melemo ea selemo le selemo ea tšireletso ea lebopo e lekana le 322.83-440.71 milione ea USD. Tlaleho ena ke sehlohlolo sa lithupelo tse 'ne tsa tšebetso tsa Marang-rang ka Pherekhong 2021 le ba bileng teng ba fetang 100 ba emetseng linaha tse nne tsa MAR: Mexico, Belize, Guatemala le Honduras. Kakaretso ea Phethahatso e ka ba fumanoa mona, mme infographic e ka fumanoa ka tlase:

Voyer, M., van Leeuwen, J. (2019, Phato). "License ea Sechaba ea ho sebetsa" ho Blue Economy. Leano la Lisebelisoa. (62) 102-113. E nkiloe ho: https://www.sciencedirect.com/

The Blue Economy e le mohlala oa moruo o thehiloeng maoatleng o batla hore ho buisanoe ka karolo ea laesense ea sechaba ho sebetsa. Sengoliloeng se pheha khang ea hore laesense ea sechaba, ka tumello ea sechaba sa lehae le bankakarolo, e ama phaello ea projeke e amanang le Blue Economy.

Seboka sa Moruo o Putsoa. (2019).Ho Leba Moruo o Tsoelang Pele oa Putsoa naheng ea Caribbean. Blue Economy Summit, Roatan, Honduras. PDF

Maiteko ho pholletsa le Caribbean a se a qalile ho fetohela tlhahisong e kenyeletsang, e fapaneng le e tsitsitseng ho kenyeletsoa le moralo oa indasteri le puso. Tlaleho e kenyelletsa lithuto tse peli tsa liteko tsa Grenada le Bahamas le lisebelisoa bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi mabapi le matsapa a lebisitsoeng ho nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng sebakeng sa Wider Caribbean.

Attri, VN (2018 November 27). Menyetla e Mecha le e Hlahang ea Matsete Tlas'a Moruo o Ts'oarellang oa Blue. Business Forum, Sustainable Blue Economy Conference. Nairobi, Kenya. PDF

Sebaka sa Leoatle la Indian se fana ka menyetla ea bohlokoa ea matsete bakeng sa Moruo o Putsoa o tsitsitseng. Matsete a ka tšehetsoa ka ho bonts'a khokahano e teng lipakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea khoebo le ts'ebetso ea lichelete. Liphetho tse ntlehali bakeng sa ho khothaletsa matsete a tšoarellang Leoatleng la Indian li tla tla ka ho kenya letsoho ha mebuso, mekhatlo ea poraefete, le mekhatlo ea linaha tse ngata.

Mwanza, K. (2018, November 26). Baahi ba Afrika ba Tšosang Litlhapi ba Tobane le "ho fela" ha Moruo o Putsoa o Hola: Litsebi. Thomas Reuters Foundation. E khutlisoa ho: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-africa-oceans-blueeconomy/african-fishing-communities-face-extinction-as-blue-economy-grows-experts-idUSKCN1NV2HI

Ho na le kotsi ea hore mananeo a ntlafatso a Blue Economy a ka behella lichaba tsa batšoasi ba litlhapi ka thoko ha linaha li etelletsa pele bohahlauli, botšoasi ba liindasteri le lekeno la lipatlisiso. Sengoliloeng sena se khuts'oane se bonts'a mathata a nts'etsopele e ntseng e eketseha ntle le ho nahana ka ts'ebetso.

Caribank. (2018, May 31). Seminara: Ho Tšehetsa Moruo o Putsoa ka Lichelete- Monyetla oa Ntlafatso ea Caribbean. Banka ea Nts'etsopele ea Caribbean. E nkiloe ho: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2O1Nf4duVRU

Banka ea Ntšetso-pele ea Caribbean e ile ea tšoara semina Sebokeng sa bona sa Selemo le Selemo sa 2018 mabapi le “Ho Tšehetsa Moruo o Putsoa ka Lichelete- Monyetla oa Ntšetso-pele oa Caribbean.” Seminara e buisana ka mekhoa ea ka hare le ea machaba e sebelisoang ho tšehetsa indasteri ka lichelete, ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea matsapa a moruo o moputsoa, ​​le ho ntlafatsa menyetla ea matsete ka har'a Blue Economy.

Sarker, S., Bhuyan, Md., Rahman, M., Md. Islam, Hossain, Md., Basak, S. Islam, M. (2018, May 1). Ho Tloha ho Saense ho ea Ketsong: Ho Fuputsa Monyetla oa Moruo o Putsoa bakeng sa Ntlafatso ea Moruo oa Bangladesh. Taolo ya Lewatle le Lebopo. (157) 180-192. E nkiloe ho: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii

Bangladesh e hlahlojoa e le mohlala oa bokhoni ba Moruo o Putsoa, ​​moo ho nang le menyetla e mengata, leha ho le joalo liqholotso tse ling tse ngata li ntse li le teng, haholo-holo khoebong le khoebong e amanang le leoatle le lebōpo. Tlaleho e fumana hore Blue Growth, eo sengoloa se e hlalosang e le ts'ebetso e ntseng e eketseha ea moruo maoatleng, ha ea tlameha ho tela ts'ireletso ea tikoloho bakeng sa phaello ea moruo joalo ka ha e bonoa Bangladesh.

Phatlalatso ea Melao-motheo ea Lichelete e Tsoelang Pele ea Moruo o Putsoa. (2018 January 15). Khomishene ea Europe. E nkiloe ho: https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/ declaration-sustainable-blue-economy-finance-principles_en.pdf

Baemeli ba lekala la litšebeletso tsa lichelete le lihlopha tse sa etseng phaello ho kenyeletsoa European Commission, European Investment Bank, World Wide Fund for Nature, le The Prince of Wales's International Sustainability Unit ba thehile moralo oa Melao-motheo ea Letsete la Blue Economy. Melao-motheo e leshome le metso e mene e kenyelletsa ho ba pepeneneng, ho lemoha kotsi, ho ba le tšusumetso, le ho ipapisa le mahlale ha ho nts'etsopele Blue Economy. Sepheo sa bona ke ho tšehetsa ntshetsopele le ho fana ka moralo bakeng sa moruo o tsitsitseng o thehiloeng maoatleng.

Blue Economy Caribbean. (2018). Lintho tsa Ts'ebetso. BEC, Liketsahalo tse Ncha tsa Matla. E nkiloe ho: http://newenergyevents.com/bec/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2018/11/BEC_5-Action-Items.pdf

Infographic e bonts'ang mehato e hlokahalang ho tsoela pele ho nts'etsapele moruo o moputsoa Caribbean. Tsena li kenyelletsa boetapele, khokahanyo, bobuelli ba sechaba, bo susumetsoang ke tlhokahalo, le boleng ba boleng.

Blue Economy Caribbean (2018). Caribbean Blue Economy: Pono ea OECS. Tlhahiso. BEC, Liketsahalo tse Ncha tsa Matla. E khutlisoa ho: http://newenergyevents.com/blue-economy-caribbean/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2018/11/BEC_Showcase_OECS.pdf

The Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) e hlahisitsoe ka Blue Economy in the Caribbean ho kenyeletsa kakaretso ea bohlokoa ba moruo le ba bapalang ba ka sehloohong tikolohong eo. Pono ea bona e tsepamisitse maikutlo tikolohong ea leoatle e phetseng hantle le e ruileng ea mefuta-futa ea Leoatle la Caribbean e laoloang ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng ha ba ntse ba le hlokolosi ho nts'etsapele ntlafatso ea moruo oa sechaba bakeng sa batho ba sebaka seo. 

'Muso oa Anguilla. (2018) Ho etsa chelete ea Anguilla's 200 Mile EFZ E hlahisitsoe Sebokeng sa Caribbean Blue Economy, Miami. PDF

E nka sebaka se fetang 85,000 sq. km, EFZ ea Anguilla ke e 'ngoe ea tse kholo ka ho fetisisa Caribbean. Tlhahiso e fana ka tlhaloso e akaretsang ea ho kengoa tšebetsong ha laesense ea ho tšoasa litlhapi ka mose ho maoatle le mehlala ea melemo ea nakong e fetileng bakeng sa lichaba tsa lihlekehleke. Mehato ea ho theha laesense e kenyelletsa ho bokella le ho sekaseka lintlha tsa botšoasi ba litlhapi, ho theha moralo oa molao oa ho fana ka lilaesense tsa kantle ho naha le ho fana ka leihlo le leihlo.

Hansen, E., Holthus, P., Allen, C., Bae, J., Goh, J., Mihailescu, C., le C. Pedregon. (2018). Lihlopha tsa Leoatle/Maoatle: Boetapele le Tšebelisano bakeng sa Nts'etsopele ea Moshoelella ea Leoatle le ho Phethahatsa Maikemisetso a Nts'etsopele ea Moshoelella.. Lekhotla la Lefatše la Leoatle. PDF

Li-Cluster tsa Leoatle/Maritime ke libaka tsa liindasteri tse amanang le tsona tse arolelanang mebaraka e tšoanang 'me li sebetsa haufi le tse ling ka marang-rang a mangata. Lihlopha tsena li ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsapele nts'etsopele ea moshoelella ea leoatle ka ho kopanya boqapi, tlholisano-ho hlahisa phaello le phello ea tikoloho.

Humphrey, K. (2018). Blue Economy Barbados, Lekala la Litaba tsa Maoatle le Moruo o Putsoa. PDF

Moralo oa Moruo o Putsoa oa Barbados o entsoe ka litšiea tse tharo: lipalangoang le thepa, bolulo le kamohelo ea baeti, bophelo bo botle le phepo e nepahetseng. Sepheo sa bona ke ho boloka tikoloho, ho ba matla a tsosolositsoeng a 100%, ho thibela polasetiki, le ho ntlafatsa maano a tsamaiso ea leoatle.

Parsan, N. le A. Labohlano. (2018). Moralo o Hloahloa oa Khōlo ea Boputsoa ka har'a Caribbean: Taba e Tsoang Grenada. Nehelano ho Blue Economy Caribbean. PDF

Moruo oa Grenada o ile oa senngoa ke Leholiotsoana Ivan ka 2004 'me ka mor'a moo a utloa liphello tsa Mathata a Lichelete a lebisang ho 40% ea ho hloka mosebetsi. Sena se hlahisitse monyetla wa ho ntshetsapele Blue Growth bakeng sa ntjhafatso ya moruo. Ho hloaea lihlopha tse robong tsa ts'ebetso ts'ebetso ena e ile ea tšehetsoa ka lichelete ke Banka ea Lefatše ka sepheo sa hore St. George e be motse-moholo oa pele oa boemo ba leholimo bo bohlale. Lintlha tse ling mabapi le leano la Grenada's Blue Growth Master le tsona li ka fumanoa Mona.

Ram, J. (2018) The Blue Economy: Monyetla oa Ntšetso-pele oa Caribbean. Banka ea Nts'etsopele ea Caribbean. PDF

Motsamaisi oa Economics ho Banka ea Ntlafatso ea Caribbean e hlahisitsoeng ho 2018 Blue Economy Caribbean mabapi le menyetla ea bo-ramatsete sebakeng sa Caribbean. Tlhahiso e kenyeletsa mekhoa e mecha ea matsete e kang Blended Finance, Blue Bonds, Recoverable Grants, Debt-for-Nature Swaps, 'me e sebetsana ka ho toba le matsete a poraefete ho Blue Economy.

Klinger, D., Eikeset, AM, Davíðsdóttir, B., Mariha, AM, Watson, J. (2017, October 21). The Mechanics of Blue Growth: Taolo ea Tšebeliso ea Mohloli oa Tlhaho ea Leoatleng ka Batšoantšisi ba bangata, ba sebelisanang. Leano la Marine (87). 356-362.

Blue Growth e itšetlehile ka tsamaiso e kopanetsoeng ea makala a mangata a moruo ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho tsa leoatle ka botlalo. Ka lebaka la tlhaho e matla ea leoatle moo tšebelisano 'moho hammoho le bora, lipakeng tsa bohahlauli le tlhahiso ea matla a kantle ho naha, le lipakeng tsa libaka tse fapaneng le linaha tse tsekang lisebelisoa tse lekanyelitsoeng.

Spalding, MJ (2015 October 30). Ho Sheba Lintlha tse Nyenyane. Blog e mabapi le kopano e nang le sehlooho se reng "The Oceans in National Income Accounts: Batla Tumellano ka Litlhaloso le Maemo". Ocean Foundation. E fihliloe ka la 22 July, 2019. https://oceanfdn.org/looking-at-the-small-details/

Moruo (o mocha) ha o bue ka theknoloji e ncha e hlahang, empa mesebetsi ea moruo e tsitsitseng khahlanong le e sa tsitsang. Leha ho le joalo, likhoutu tsa likarolo tsa indasteri ha li na phapang ea litloaelo tse tšoarellang, joalo ka ha ho laetsoe ke kopano ea "The Oceans National Income Account" e Asilomar, California. Likhoutu tsa likarolo tsa likhetho tsa Mopresidente oa TOF Mark Spalding li fana ka metrics ea bohlokoa ea data e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho sekaseka phetoho ha nako e ntse e feta le bakeng sa leano la ho tsebisa.

Lenaneo la Naha la Moruo oa Leoatle. (2015). Lintlha tsa Maraka. Middlebury Institute of International Studies e Monterey: Setsi sa Moruo o Putsoa. E khutlisoa ho: http://www.oceaneconomics.org/market/coastal/

Setsi sa Middlebury's for the Blue Economy se fana ka lipalo-palo le boleng ba moruo bakeng sa liindasteri tse ipapisitseng le litšebelisano tsa mebaraka Leoatleng le moruo oa lebopo. E arotsoe ke selemo, naha, setereke, likarolo tsa indasteri, hammoho le libaka le litekanyetso tsa lebopo la leoatle. Lintlha tsa bona tsa bongata li molemo haholo ho bonts'a phello ea liindasteri tsa leoatle le lebopo moruong oa lefatše.

Spalding, MJ (2015). Tšireletseho ea Leoatle le Taolo ea Mehloli ea Lefatše. A blog ka "Ocean Sustainability Science Symposium". Ocean Foundation. E fihliloe ka la 22 July, 2019. https://oceanfdn.org/blog/ocean-sustainability-and-global-resource-management

Ho tloha ho li-plastiki ho ea ho Ocean Acidification batho ba ikarabella bakeng sa boemo ba hona joale ba tšenyo 'me batho ba tlameha ho tsoelapele ho sebetsa ho ntlafatsa boemo ba maoatle a lefatše. Poso ea blog ea Mopresidente oa TOF Mark Spalding e khothaletsa liketso tse se nang kotsi, ho theha menyetla ea ho khutlisa leoatle, le ho tlosa khatello ea leoatleng e le sesebelisoa se arolelanoang.

Setsi sa Bohlale ba Economist. (2015). Moruo o Putsoa: Khōlo, Monyetla, le Moruo o tsitsitseng oa Leoatle. The Economist: pampiri e khuts'oane ea Seboka sa Lefatše sa Leoatle la 2015. E khutlisoa ho: https://www.woi.economist.com/content/uploads/2018/ 04/m1_EIU_The-Blue-Economy_2015.pdf

E sa le e lokiseditswe Seboka sa Lefatshe sa Lewatle la 2015, Lekala la Bohlale la The Economist le shebana le ho hlaha ha moruo o putswa, ho leka-lekana ha moruo le paballo, mme qetellong maano a matsete a ka bang teng. Pampiri ena e fana ka kakaretso e batsi ea mesebetsi ea moruo e thehiloeng maoatleng 'me e fana ka lintlha tsa lipuisano ka bokamoso ba mesebetsi ea moruo e amang liindasteri tse shebaneng le maoatle.

BenDor, T., Lester, W., Livengood, A., Davis, A. le L. Yonavjak. (2015). Ho Hakanya Boholo le Tšusumetso ea Economy ea Tsosoloso ea Tikoloho. Laeborari ea Sechaba ea Sechaba 10(6): e0128339. E nkiloe ho: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0128339

Lipatlisiso li bonts'a hore tsosoloso ea tikoloho ea lehae, joalo ka lekala, e hlahisa thekiso e ka bang $ 9.5 bilione selemo le selemo le mesebetsi e 221,000. Tsosoloso ea tikoloho e ka bitsoa mesebetsi ea moruo e thusang ho khutlisetsa tikoloho boemong bo ntlafetseng ba bophelo bo botle le ho tlatsa mesebetsi. Thuto-pale ena e bile ea pele ea ho bontša melemo ea lipalo-palo ea tsosoloso ea tikoloho boemong ba naha.

Kildow, J., Colgan, C., Scorse, J., Johnston, P., le M. Nichols. (2014). Boemo ba Moruo wa Lewatle la US le Lebopong la 2014. Setsi sa Moruo o Putsoa: Setsi sa Middlebury sa Lithuto tsa Machaba se Monterey: Lenaneo la Naha la Moruo oa Leoatle. E khutlisoa ho: http://cbe.miis.edu/noep_publications/1

Setsi sa Monterey Institute of International Studies 'Setsi sa Blue Economy se fana ka tlhahlobo e tebileng ea mesebetsi ea moruo, palo ea batho, boleng ba thepa, boleng ba lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho le tlhahiso, litšenyehelo tsa mmuso United States tse amanang le liindasteri tsa leoatle le lebopo. Tlaleho e phatlalatsa litafole le litlhahlobo tse ngata tse fanang ka tlhahlobo e felletseng ea lipalo-palo tsa moruo oa maoatle.

Conathan, M. le K. Kroh. (2012 June). Motheo oa Moruo o Putsoa: CAP e Tseba Morero o Mocha o Khothaletsang Liindasteri tsa Leoatle la Moshoelella. Setsi sa Tsoelo-pele ea Amerika. E khutlisoa ho: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/report/2012/06/ 27/11794/thefoundations-of-a-blue-economy/

Setsi sa Tsoelo-pele ea Amerika se hlahisitse bokhutšoanyane ka morero oa bona oa Blue Economy o shebaneng le kamano ea tikoloho, moruo, le liindasteri tse itšetlehileng ka le ho phela hammoho le maoatle, lebōpo la leoatle le Great Lakes. Tlaleho ea bona e totobatsa tlhokahalo ea thuto e kholo ea phello ea moruo le litekanyetso tse sa bonahaleng kamehla tlhahlobong ea data ea setso. Tsena li kenyelletsa melemo ea moruo e hlokang tikoloho e hloekileng le e phetseng hantle ea leoatle, joalo ka boleng ba khoebo ba thepa e pel'a metsi kapa ts'ebeliso ea bareki e fumanoang ka ho tsamaea lebopong la leoatle.

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4. Temo ea Metsi le Litlhapi

Ka tlase u tla fumana pono e akaretsang ea temo ea metsing le litlhapi ka lense ea Blue Economy e felletseng, bakeng sa boithuto bo felletseng ka kopo bona maqephe a lisebelisoa a The Ocean Foundation ho Tlhokomelo ea metsing e tšoarellang 'me Lisebelisoa le Maano a Tsamaiso e Atlehang ea Litlhapi ka ho latellana.

Bailey, KM (2018). Lithuto tsa ho Tšoasa Litlhapi: Litlhapi tsa Artisanal le Bokamoso ba Maoatle a rona. Chicago le London: Univesithi ea Chicago Press.

Batšoasi ba litlhapi tse nyenyane ba na le karolo e kholo mosebetsing lefatšeng ka bophara, ba fana ka karolo ea halofo ho isa ho tse peli ho tse tharo ea lijo tse tšoasoang lefatšeng ka bophara empa ba sebelisa 80-90% ea basebetsi ba litlhapi lefatšeng ka bophara, bao halofo ea bona e leng basali. Empa mathata a ntse a tsoela pele. Ha indasteri e ntse e hola ho ba thata le ho feta hore batšoasi ba lihlapi ba banyenyane ba boloke litokelo tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi, haholo ha libaka li ntse li tlala ho feta tekano. A sebelisa lipale tsa botho ho tsoa ho batšoasi ba litlhapi lefatšeng ka bophara, Bailey o fana ka maikutlo mabapi le indasteri ea ho tšoasa litlhapi lefatšeng ka bophara le kamano pakeng tsa batšoasi ba litlhapi ba banyenyane le tikoloho.

Mokhatlo oa Lijo le Temo oa Machaba a Kopaneng. (2018). Boemo ba Lefatše la Litlhapi le Temo ea Metsi: Ho Kopana le Maikemisetso a Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella. Roma. PDF

Tlaleho ea Machaba a Kopaneng ea 2018 mabapi le botšoasi ba litlhapi lefatšeng ka bophara e fane ka lipatlisiso tse qaqileng tse tsamaellanang le data tse hlokahalang ho laola mehloli ea metsi ho Blue Economy. Tlaleho e totobatsa liphephetso tse kholo tse kenyeletsang ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele, mokhoa o kopanetsoeng oa likarolo tse ngata, ho sebetsana le ts'ireletso ea likokoana-hloko, le tlaleho e nepahetseng ea lipalo-palo. Tlaleho e felletseng e teng Mona.

Allison, EH (2011).  Temo ea Metsi, Litlhapi, Bofuma le Tšireletso ea Lijo. E etselitsoe OECD. Penang: Setsi sa Lefatše sa Litlhapi. PDF

Tlaleho ea Setsi sa Lefatše sa Litlhapi e fana ka maikutlo a hore maano a moshoelella a botšoasi ba litlhapi le temo ea metsing e ka fana ka melemo e mengata ea polokeho ea lijo le ho theola bofuma linaheng tse tsoelang pele. Leano la maano le lona le tlameha ho kengoa tšebetsong hammoho le litloaelo tse tšoarellang hore li sebetse nako e telele. Litloaelo tse sebetsang hantle tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi le tsa metsing li tsoela lichaba tse ngata molemo ha feela li fetotsoe hore e be libaka le linaha. Sena se ts'ehetsa mohopolo oa hore litloaelo tsa moshoelella li na le litlamorao tse tebileng moruong ka kakaretso 'me li fana ka tataiso bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea boreahlapi ho Moruo o Putsoa.

Mills, DJ, Westlund, L., de Graaf, G., Kura, Y., Willman, R. le K. Kelleher. (2011). Ha e tlalehe ka mokhoa o fokolang ebile ha e na boleng: Batšoasi ba litlhapi tse nyenyane linaheng tse tsoelang pele ho R. Pomeroy le NL Andrew (eds.), Ho Laola Litlhapi Tse Nyenyane: Mehaho le Mekhoa. UK: CABI. E nkiloe ho: https://www.cabi.org/bookshop/book/9781845936075/

Ka "snapshot" case study Mills e sheba mesebetsi ea moruo oa sechaba ea botšoasi ba litlhapi linaheng tse tsoelang pele. Ka kakaretso, litlhapi tse nyenyane ha li na boleng boemong ba naha haholo-holo mabapi le phello ea batšoasi ba litlhapi ho sireletseha ha lijo, phokotso ea bofuma le phano ea mekhoa ea boipheliso, hammoho le litaba tse amanang le taolo ea boemo ba naha ea botšoasi ba litlhapi linaheng tse ngata tse tsoelang pele. Boreahlapi ke le leng la makala a maholohali a moruo oa maoatle 'me tlhahlobo ena e akaretsang e sebeletsa ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea nnete le ea moshoelella.

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5. Bohahlauli, Maeto a Likepe, le Litlhapi tsa Boithabiso

Conathan, M. (2011). Litlhapi ka Labohlano: Litsela tse limilione tse leshome le metso e 'meli ka metsing. Setsi sa Tsoelo-pele ea Amerika. E nkiloe ho: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2011/ 07/01/9922/fishon-fridays-twelve-million-lines-in-the-water/

Setsi sa Tsoelo-pele ea Amerika se hlahloba se fumanoeng hore ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa boithabiso, tse amang Maamerika a fetang limilione tse 12 selemo le selemo, ho sokela mefuta e mengata ea litlhapi ka palo e sa leka-lekaneng ha e bapisoa le ea khoebo. Mokhoa o motle oa ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho le ho tšoasa litlhapi ho feta tekano o kenyelletsa ho latela melao ea laesense le ho itloaetsa ho tšoasa le ho lokolla. Tlhahlobo ea sengoloa sena ea mekhoa e metle e thusa ho khothaletsa taolo ea 'nete e tšoarellang ea Blue Economy.

Zappino, V. (2005 June). Bohahlauli le Nts'etsopele ea Caribbean: Kakaretso [Tlaleho ea ho Qetela]. Pampiri ea Puisano No. 65. Setsi sa Europe sa Tsamaiso ea Leano la Nts'etsopele. E khutlisoa ho: http://ecdpm.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/11/DP-65-Caribbean-Tourism-Industry-Development-2005.pdf

Bohahlauli ba Caribbean ke e 'ngoe ea liindasteri tsa bohlokoahali tikolohong eo, e hohelang limilione tsa bahahlauli selemo se seng le se seng ka libaka tsa phomolo le joalo ka sebaka sa maeto a sekepe. Phuputsong ea moruo e amanang le nts'etsopele ea Blue Economy, Zappino e sheba phello ea tikoloho ea bohahlauli le ho sekaseka matsapa a tsitsitseng a bohahlauli sebakeng seo. O khothaletsa ts'ebetsong e 'ngoe ea litataiso tsa libaka bakeng sa litloaelo tse tšoarellang tse thusang sechaba sa lehae se hlokahalang bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea Blue Economy.

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6. Theknoloji ho Moruo o Putsoa

Lefapha la Matla a US. (2018 April). Ho matlafatsa Tlaleho ea Moruo oa Blue. Lefapha la Eneji la US, Ofisi ea Matla a Matla le Matla a Tsosolositsoeng. https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/downloads/powering-blue-economy-report

Ka tlhahlobo ea boemo bo holimo ea menyetla ea 'maraka e ka bang teng, Lefapha la Eneji la United States le sheba bokhoni ba bokhoni bo bocha le nts'etsopele ea moruo oa matla a leoatle. Tlaleho e shebana le matla bakeng sa liindasteri tsa maoatle le tse haufi le lebōpo ho kenyelletsa matla a ho tlosa letsoai, ho mamella mabōpo le ho hlaphoheloa ha likoluoa, temo ea metsing a leoatle, le mekhoa ea motlakase bakeng sa lichaba tse ka thōko. Lintlha tse ling mabapi le lihlooho tsa matla a maoatleng ho kenyelletsa algae ea leoatleng, ho tlosa letsoai, ho tiea ha lebopo le lits'ebetso tsa motlakase tse ikhethileng li ka fumanoa. Mona.

Michel, K. le P. Noble. (2008). Tsoelo-pele ea Theknoloji ho Lipalangoang tsa Maritime. Borokho 38:2, 33-40 .

Michel le Noble ba buisana ka tsoelopele ea tekheniki lits'ebetsong tse kholo indastering ea likepe tsa khoebo ea maoatleng. Bangoli ba hatisa tlhokahalo ea mekhoa e metle ea tikoloho. Libaka tse kholo tsa lipuisano sengolong li kenyelletsa mekhoa ea hajoale ea indasteri, moralo oa likepe, ho tsamaisa likepe, le ts'ebetsong e atlehileng ea theknoloji e ntseng e hlaha. Thomello ea likepe le khoebo ke tsona tse ka sehloohong tse susumetsang kholo ea maoatle le kutloisiso ea lipalangoang tsa leoatle ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fihlela Moruo o Putsoa o tsitsitseng.

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7. Khōlo e Putsoa

Soma, K., van den Burg, S., Hoefnagel, E., Stuiver, M., van der Heide, M. (2018 January). Social Innovation- Tsela ea Bokamoso bakeng sa Kholiso e Putsoa? Leano la Marine. Karolo ea 87: maq. 363- leq. 370. E nkiloe ho: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/

Kholo ea leano la boputsoa joalo ka ha e sisintsoe ke European Union e batla ho hohela thekenoloji e ncha le mehopolo e nang le tšusumetso e tlase tikolohong, ha e ntse e ela hloko litšebelisano tsa sechaba tse hlokahalang bakeng sa litloaelo tse tšoarellang. Nyakišišong ya mabapi le temo ya ka meetseng kua Dutch North Sea banyakišiši ba ile ba hlaola mekgwa yeo e ka holegago ka popontšhwa mola gape e be e naganišiša ka mekgwa, e kgothaletša tirišano, le ditlamorago tšeo di nyakišišitšwego tša nako e telele tikologong. Le hoja mathata a mangata a ntse a le teng, ho kenyeletsa ho reka ho tsoa ho bahlahisi ba lehae, sengoloa se totobatsa bohlokoa ba karolo ea sechaba moruong o moputsoa.

Lillebø, AI, Pita, C., Garcia Rodrigues, J., Ramos, S., Villasante, S. (2017, July) Litšebeletso tsa Ecosystem ea Marine li ka Tšehetsa Joang Lenaneo la Blue Growth? Leano la Maoatleng (81) 132-142. E nkiloe ho: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0308597X16308107?via%3Dihub

The European Union's Blue Growth Agenda e shebane le phano ea litšebeletso tsa tikoloho ka metsing, haholo-holo libakeng tsa temo ea metsing, theknoloji ea baeloji e putsoa, ​​matla a maputsoa le phano ea 'mele ea ho ntšoa ha mehloli ea liminerale tsa leoatleng le bohahlauli kaofela. Makala ana kaofela a itšetlehile ka tikoloho e phetseng hantle ea leoatleng le lebopong la leoatle e ka khonehang feela ka taolo le tlhokomelo e nepahetseng ea litšebeletso tsa tikoloho. Bangoli ba pheha khang ea hore menyetla ea Blue Growth e hloka hore ho be le likhohlano lipakeng tsa moruo, sechaba le tikoloho, leha nts'etsopele e tla rua molemo ho tsoa ho melao e meng ea taolo.

Virdin, J. le Patil, P. (eds.). (2016). Ho Leba Moruo o Putsoa: Tšepiso ea Kholo e Tsoelang Pele ea Caribbean. Banka ea Lefatše. E khutlisoa ho: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/ 10986/25061/Demystifying0t0the0Caribbean0Region.pdf

E etselitsoe baetsi ba melaoana sebakeng sa Caribbean, sengoloa sena se sebetsa e le kakaretso e felletseng ea mohopolo oa Blue Economy. Linaha le libaka tsa Caribbean li hokahane ka botebo le lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho tsa Leoatle la Caribbean 'me kutloisiso le ho lekanya litlamorao tsa moruo li bohlokoa bakeng sa kholo e tsitsitseng kapa e lekanang. Tlaleho e sebetsa e le mohato oa pele oa ho hlahloba bokhoni ba 'nete ba leoatle e le sebaka sa moruo le enjene bakeng sa kholo, ha e ntse e khothaletsa maano a ho laola hamolemo tšebeliso ea moshoelella ea leoatle le leoatle.

Letlole la Lefatše la Liphoofolo Tse Hlaha. (2015, April 22). Ho Tsosolosa Moruo oa Leoatle. Tlhahiso ea Machaba ea WWF. E nkiloe ho: https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/reviving-the-oceans-economy-the-case-for-action-2015

Maoatle ke seabo se seholo moruong oa lefats'e mme mehato e tlameha ho nkuoa ho matlafatsa paballo e sebetsang ea maoatle le libaka tsa leoatle linaheng tsohle. Tlaleho e totobatsa liketso tse robeli tse ikhethileng tse kenyeletsang, tlhokahalo ea ho amohela Maikemisetso a Ntšetso-pele ea Machaba a Kopaneng, ho fokotsa likhahla ho rarolla asiti ea leoatle, ho laola ka katleho bonyane karolo ea 10 lekholong ea libaka tsa leoatle naheng e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, ho utloisisa tšireletso ea libaka le tsamaiso ea litlhapi, mekhoa e nepahetseng ea machaba bakeng sa lipuisano le tšebelisano-'moho, ho hlahisa litšebelisano tsa sechaba le tsa poraefete tse nahanang ka boiketlo ba sechaba, ho nts'etsapele litlaleho tse hlakileng le tsa sechaba tsa melemo ea maoatle, 'me qetellong ho thehoe sethala sa machaba sa ho tšehetsa le ho arolelana tsebo ea leoatle e thehiloeng ho data. Ka kopanelo liketso tsena li ka hlasimolla moruo oa maoatle 'me tsa lebisa tsosolosong ea maoatle.

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8. 'Muso oa Sechaba le Mosebetsi oa Machaba oa Mokhatlo

Foramo ea Moruo o Putsoa oa Afrika. (Phuptjane 2019). Moelelo oa Khopolo ea Seboka sa Moruo o Putsoa oa Afrika. Blue Jay Communication Ltd., London. PDF

Foromo ea bobeli ea Moruo o Putsoa oa Afrika e tsepamisitse maikutlo holim'a liqholotso le menyetla ea moruo o ntseng o hola oa maoatle a Afrika, likamano lipakeng tsa liindasteri tsa khale le tse ntseng li tsoela pele, le ho khothaletsa botsitso ka nts'etsopele ea moruo o potolohang. Ntlha e kholo eo ho buuoeng ka eona e bile boemo bo phahameng ba tšilafalo ea maoatle. Likhoebo tse ngata tse ncha li se li qalile ho sebetsana le taba ea tšilafalo ea maoatle, empa hangata li haelloa ke lichelete tsa ho holisa liindasteri.

Commonwealth Blue Charter. (2019). Blue Economy. E khutlisoa ho: https://thecommonwealth.org/blue-economy.

Ho na le kamano e haufi pakeng tsa leoatle, phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo, le bophelo bo botle ba batho ba Commonwealth e leng se etsang hore ho bonahale hore ho na le mehato e lokelang ho nkoa. Moetso oa Blue Economy o ikemiselitse ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba batho le tekano ea sechaba, ha o ntse o fokotsa haholo likotsi tsa tikoloho le likhaello tsa tikoloho. Leqephe lena la tepo le totobatsa maikemisetso a Blue Charter a ho thusa dinaha ho hlahisa mokgwa o kopanetsweng wa kaho ya moruo o putswa.

Komiti ea Theknoloji ea Seboka sa Moruo oa Blue Economy. (2018, Tšitoe). Tlaleho ea ho qetela ea Seboka sa Moruo oa Blue Economy. Nairobi, Kenya Pulungoana 26-28, 2018. PDF

Seboka sa lefatše ka bophara sa Sustainable Blue Economy, se neng se tšoaretsoe Nairobi, Kenya, se tsepamisitse maikutlo ntlafatsong ea moshoelella e kenyeletsang maoatle, maoatle, matša le linōka ho latela Lenaneo la 2030 la Machaba a Kopaneng. Barupeluoa ho tloha ho lihlooho tsa linaha le baemeli ba mekhatlo ea machaba ho ea lekaleng la khoebo le baeta-pele ba sechaba, ba neng ba fana ka lipatlisiso le ho ea liforamong. Sephetho sa kopano e bile ho theoa ha Nairobi Statement of Intensive on Advantes a Sustainable Blue Economy.

Banka ea Lefatše. (2018, October 29). Phatlalatso ea Sovereign Blue Bond: Lipotso Tse Botsoang Hangata. Sehlopha sa Banka ea Lefatše. E nkiloe ho:  https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/10/29/ sovereign-blue-bond-issuance-frequently-asked-questions

Blue Bond ke sekoloto se fanoeng ke mebuso le libanka tsa nts'etsopele ho phahamisa chelete ho tsoa ho bo-ramatsete ba nang le tšusumetso ho tšehetsa merero ea maoatle le ea maoatle e nang le melemo e metle ea tikoloho, moruo le boemo ba leholimo. Rephaboliki ea Seychelles e bile eona ea pele ea ho fana ka Blue Bond, ba thehile Letlole la Lichelete la Blue Grants la $3 milione le Blue Investment Fund ea $ 12 milione ho khothaletsa botšoasi ba litlhapi bo tsitsitseng.

Foramo ea Moruo o Putsoa oa Afrika. (2018). Tlaleho ea ho Qetela ea Foramo ea Moruo o Putsoa ea Afrika ea 2018. Blue Jay Communication Ltd., London. PDF

Seboka se thehilweng London se ile sa kopanya ditsebi tsa matjhaba le basebeletsi ba mmuso ho tiisa maano a fapaneng a Dinaha tsa Aforika tsa Moruo o Putswa maemong a Lenaneo la Kopano ya Aforika la 2063 le Maikemisetso a Ntshetsopele ya Moshwelella a Dinaha tsa Matjhaba (SDGs). Lihlooho tsa lipuisano li ne li kenyeletsa ho tšoasa litlhapi ho seng molaong le ho sa laoleheng, tšireletso ea maoatle, puso ea maoatle, matla, khoebo, bohahlauli le mekhoa e mecha. Seboka se ile sa qetella ka boipiletso ba ho nka khato ho kenya ts'ebetsong mekhoa e sebetsang ea moshoelella.

Khomishene ea Europe (2018). Tlaleho ea Selemo le Selemo ea Moruo ea 2018 ka EU Blue Economy. European Union Maritime Affairs le Fisheries. E khutlisoa ho: https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/ 2018-annual-economic-report-on-blue-economy_en.pdf

Tlaleho ea selemo e fana ka tlhaloso e qaqileng ea boholo le bophara ba moruo o moputsoa mabapi le European Union. Sepheo sa tlaleho ke ho hloaea le ho sebelisa bokhoni ba maoatle a Europe, lebōpo le maoatle bakeng sa kholo ea moruo. Tlaleho e kenyelletsa lipuisano tse mabapi le phello e tobileng ea moruo oa kahisano, mafapha a morao-rao le a ntseng a tsoela pele, lithuto tse tsoang linaheng tseo e leng litho tsa EU mabapi le ts'ebetso ea moruo o moputsoa.

Hantle, Francois. (2017 May 28). Linaha Tsa Afrika li ka Sebelisa Matla a Maholo a Maoatle a tsona Joang. Moqoqo. E khutlisoa ho: http://theconversation.com/how-african-countries-can-harness-the-huge-potential-of-their-oceans-77889.

Litaba tsa puso le tšireletso lia hlokahala bakeng sa lipuisano tsa Moruo o Putsoa ke linaha tsa Afrika ho fihlela melemo e matla ea moruo. Botlokotsebe bo kang ho tšoasa litlhapi tse seng molaong, bosholu ba leoatle, bosholu ba lihlomo, bokhukhuni le ho falla ho seng molaong ho etsa hore ho se khonehe hore linaha li lemohe bokhoni ba maoatle a tsona, mabopo le maoatle. E le ho arabela, matsapa a mangata a entsoe ho kenyelletsa tšebelisano-'moho e eketsehileng ho pholletsa le meeli ea naha le ho netefatsa hore melao ea naha ea kenngoa ts'ebetsong le ho lumellana le selekane sa Machaba a Kopaneng mabapi le polokeho ea maoatle.

Sehlopha sa Banka ea Lefatše le Lefapha la UN la Litaba tsa Moruo le Sechaba. (2017). Monyetla oa Moruo o Putsoa: Ho Eketsa Melemo ea Nako e Telele ea Tšebeliso e Tsoelang Pele ea Mehloli ea Maoatleng bakeng sa Linaha tse Tsoelang Pele tsa Lihlekehleke tse Nyenyane le Linaha tse Tsoelang Pele ka Lebopong. Banka ea Machabeng ea Kaho le Nts'etsopele, Banka ea Lefatše. E khutlisoa ho:  https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/ 10986/26843/115545.pdf

Ho na le litsela tse 'maloa tse lebisang moruong o moputsoa, ​​​​tseo kaofela li itšetlehileng ka lintho tse tlang pele sebakeng sa heno le tsa naha. Tsena li hlahlojoa ka kakaretso ea Banka ea Lefatše ea bakhanni ba moruo ba Blue Economy tlalehong ea bona ea linaha tse lebōpong la leoatle tse sa tsoelang pele le linaha tse ntseng li hōla tsa lihlekehleke tse nyenyane.

Machaba a kopaneng. (2016). Moruo o Putsoa oa Afrika: Buka ea Leano la Leano. Komisi ea Moruo ea Afrika. E nkiloe ho: https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/blue-eco-policy-handbook_eng_1nov.pdf

Dinaha tse mashome a mararo a metso e robedi ho tse mashome a mahlano a metso e mene tsa Afrika di lebopong la lewatle kapa dihlekehlekeng mme diperesente tse fetang 90 tsa thepa e tswang kantle le diyantle tsa Aforika di tsamaiswa ke mawatle a etsang hore kontinente e itshetlehe haholo ka mawatle. Bukana ena ea leano e nka mokhoa oa bobuelli ho netefatsa hore ho na le taolo e tsitsitseng le paballo ea mehloli ea metsing le ea leoatleng e nahanelang litšokelo tse kang ho ba kotsing ea boemo ba leholimo, ho se sireletsehe ha maoatle, le phihlello e sa lekaneng ea mehloli e arolelanoang. Pampiri e hlahisa lithuto tse 'maloa tse bonts'ang mehato ea hajoale e entsoeng ke linaha tsa Afrika ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea moruo o putswa. Bukana ena e boetse e kenyelletsa tataiso ea mohato ka mohato bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea leano la Blue Economy, le kenyeletsang tlhophiso ea lenaneo, khokahanyo, kaho ea beng ba naha, ho bea lekala ka sehloohong, moralo oa maano, ho kengoa tšebetsong ha maano, le ho lekola le ho hlahloba.

Neumann, C. le T. Bryan. (2015). Litšebeletso tsa Ecosystem ea Marine li Tšehetsa Lipakane tsa Nts'etsopele ea Moshoelella Joang? In The Ocean and Us - Kamoo tikoloho e phetseng hantle ea maoatle e tšehetsang phihlello ea Lipakane tsa Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella oa UN. E hlophisitsoeng ke Christian Neumann, Linwood Pendleton, Anne Kaup le Jane Glavan. Machaba a kopaneng. Leqephe la 14-27. PDF

Litšebeletso tsa tikoloho ea maoatleng li tšehetsa lipakane tse ngata tsa United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ho tloha litsing tsa motheo le bolulo ho isa phokotsong ea bofuma le ho fokotsa ho se lekane. Ka tlhahlobo e tsamaisanang le litšoantšo tse hlakileng, bangoli ba pheha khang ea hore leoatle ke la bohlokoa haholo ho faneng ka bophelo ba batho 'me e lokela ho ba ntho e tlang pele ha ho sebetsoa ho fihlela Lipheo tsa UN tsa Ntlafatso e Tsoelang Pele. Boitlamo ba linaha tse ngata ho li-SDGs bo fetohile tšusumetso ho Moruo o Putsoa le nts'etsopele ea moshoelella lefatšeng ka bophara.

Cicin-Sain, B. (2015 April). Sepheo sa 14—Ho Baballa le ho Sebelisa Maoatle, Maoatle le Lisebelisoa tsa Maoatle ka Mokhoa o Tsoelang Pele bakeng sa Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella. UN Chronicle, Moq. LI (No.4). E nkiloe ho: http://unchronicle.un.org/article/goal-14-conserve-and-sustainably-useoceans-seas-and-marine-resources-sustainable/

Sepheo sa bo 14 sa Maikemisetso a Ntshetsopele ya Moshwelella a Dinaha tse Kopaneng (UN SDGs) se totobatsa tlhokeho ya paballo ya mawatle le tshebediso e tsitsitseng ya mehlodi ya mawatleng. Tšehetso e matla ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa tsamaiso ea maoatle e tsoa lihlekehlekeng tse nyenyane tse ntseng li hōla moruong le linaheng tse sa tsoelang pele haholo tse anngoeng hampe ke bohlasoa ba maoatle. Mananeo a sebetsanang le Sepheo sa 14 a boetse a sebeletsa ho finyella lipakane tse ling tse supileng tsa UN SDG tse kenyeletsang bofuma, tšireletso ea lijo, matla, kholo ea moruo, mekhoa ea motheo, phokotso ea ho se lekane, metse le bolulo ba batho, tšebeliso e tsitsitseng le tlhahiso, phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, mefuta-futa ea limela le mekhoa ea ho kenya ts'ebetsong. le likamano.

Ocean Foundation. (2014). Kakaretso ho tsoa lipuisanong tse pota-potileng tse mabapi le Kholo ea Blue (blog e tafoleng e chitja Ntlong ea Sweden). Ocean Foundation. E fihletsoe ka July 22, 2016. https://oceanfdn.org/summary-from-the-roundtable-discussion-on-blue-growth/

Ho leka-lekanya bophelo bo botle ba batho le khoebo ho theha kholo e tsosolosang hammoho le lintlha tsa konkreite ho bohlokoa ho hatela pele ka Blue Growth. Pampiri ena ke kakaretso ea likopano le likopano tse ngata tse mabapi le boemo ba leoatle la lefats'e tse neng li hlophisitsoe ke mmuso oa Sweden ka ts'ebelisano le The Ocean Foundation.

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