Liminerale tse tebileng tsa Seabed li ke ke tsa tšehetsa phetoho e tala: Karolo ea 1

Lik'hamphani tsa merafo li ho sututsa ho teba ha meepo (DSM) ha ho hlokahala bakeng sa phetoho e tala. Ba ikemiselitse ho hula lirafshoa tse kang cobalt, koporo, nickel le manganese, ba re lirafshoa tsena lia hlokahala ho loantša phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo le ho fetela moruong o fokolang oa carbon. 

Ha e le hantle, pale ena e leka ho re kholisa hore tšenyo e ke keng ea etsolloa ho mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng tsa botebo ba leoatle ke bobe bo hlokahalang tseleng ea decarbonization. Baetsi ba likoloi tsa motlakase (EV), betri, le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki; mebuso; 'me ba bang ba tsepamisitse maikutlo ho phetoho ea matla ba ntse ba sa lumellane. Ho e-na le hoo, ka boqapi le lilekane tsa boiqapelo, ba theha tsela e betere: Mahatelo a morao-rao a ntlafatso ea betri a bonts'a motsamao o hole le ho ntša liminerale tse tebileng tsa leoatle, le ho nts'etsapele moruo o chitja o tla kokobetsa ts'epo ea lefats'e ho merafo ea lefats'e. 

Likhatelo-pele tsena li ntse li tsoela pele ho latela tlhokomeliso e ntseng e hola ea hore phetisetso ea matla e tšoarellang e ke ke ea hahuoa ka litšenyehelo tsa ho hlahisa indasteri ea merafo, e malala-a-laotsoe ho senya tikoloho e sa utloisisoang haholo ea polanete (leoatle le tebileng) ha e ntse e sitisa litšebeletso tsa bohlokoa tseo e fanang ka tsona. Lenaneo la Machaba a Kopaneng la Tikoloho la Ditjhelete Initiative (UNEP FI) le lokollotswe tlaleho ea 2022 - e lebisitsoe ho bamameli ba lekaleng la lichelete, joalo ka libanka, liinshorense, le bo-ramatsete - likotsing tsa lichelete, tsa baeloji, le tse ling tsa merafo e tebileng ea leoatle. Tlaleho e phethela ka hore "ha ho na tsela e ka bonoang esale pele eo ka eona ts'ehetso ea lichelete ea mesebetsi ea merafo e tebileng ea leoatle e ka talingoang e lumellana le Melao-motheo e tsitsitseng ea Moruo oa Blue Economy.” Esita le The Metals Company (TMC), e leng e mong oa batšehetsi ba DSM ba lerata ka ho fetisisa, oa lumela hore theknoloji e ncha e ka 'na ea se ke ea hloka lirafshoa tse tebileng tsa leoatle, le hore litšenyehelo tsa DSM hloleha ho lokafatsa ts'ebetso ea khoebo. 

Ka mahlo a tsepamisitseng moruo o motala nakong e tlang, boqapi ba theknoloji bo bula tsela bakeng sa phetoho e tšoarellang ntle le liminerale tse tebileng tsa leoatle kapa likotsi tse teng DSM. Re hlophisitse letoto la li-blog tse nang le likarolo tse tharo, tse totobatsang tsoelo-pele ena ho liindasteri tse fapaneng.

Boqapi ba betri bo feta tlhoko ea liminerale tse tebileng tsa leoatle

Theknoloji ea betri e ntse e fetoha le ho fetola 'maraka, ka mekhoa e mecha ha e hloke nickel e nyane kapa cobalt: Lirafshoa tse peli tseo e ka bang basebetsi ba merafong li tla leka ho tsoa botebong ba leoatle. Ho fokotsa ts'epo le tlhoko ea liminerale tsena ho fana ka mokhoa oa ho qoba DSM, fokotsa merafo ea lefats'e, le ho emisa mathata a liminerale tsa geopolitical. 

Likhamphani li se li ntse li tsetela ka mefuta e meng ea libeteri tsa nickel le cobalt tsa setso, li tšepisa mekhoa e mecha ea ho fumana litholoana tse ntle.

Ka mohlala, Clarios, moetapele oa lefats'e oa theknoloji ea betri, o kopantsoe le Natron Energy Inc. ho hlahisa ka bongata libeteri tsa sodium-ion. Li-betri tsa sodium-ion, e leng mokhoa o ntseng o tsebahala ho feta libeteri tsa lithium-ion, ha e na liminerale joalo ka cobalt, nickel kapa koporo. 

Bahlahisi ba EV le bona ba sebelisa mahlale a macha ho fokotsa tlhoko ea bona ea liminerale tse tebileng tsa leoatle.

Tesla e sebetsa hona joale betri ea lithium iron phosphate (LFP). likoloing tsohle tsa Model Y le Model 3, tse sa hlokeng nickel kapa cobalt. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, moetsi oa likoloi oa motlakase oa 2 lefatšeng, BYD, o phatlalalitse merero ho fallela libeteri tsa LFP le hole le libeteri tse thehiloeng ho nickel-, cobalt-, le manganese (NCM). SAIC Motors e hlahisitse li-EV tsa pele tse phahameng tsa hydrogen tse thehiloeng liseleng ka 2020, mme ka Phuptjane 2022, k'hamphani e thehiloeng UK ea Tevva e ile ea tsebisa teraka ea pele ea hydrogen e tsamaisoang ke motlakase. 

Ho tloha ho baetsi ba betri ho ea ho bahlahisi ba EV, lik'hamphani li etsa mehato ea ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ka liminerale, ho kenyelletsa le tse tsoang leoatleng le tebileng. Ka nako eo bao e neng e tla ba basebetsi ba morafong ba ne ba ka khutlisa lisebelisoa ho tsoa botebong - tseo ba lumelang hore e kanna eaba ha li khonehe ka botekgeniki kapa moruong - re ka 'na ra se ke ra hloka leha e le efe ea tsona. Leha ho le joalo, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea liminerale tsena ke karolo e le 'ngoe feela ea bothata.