E phatlalatsa 2024 Boyd Lyon Scholar

Selemo se seng le se seng, Letlole la Boyd Lyon Sea Turtle Fund le fana ka lihlapiso bakeng sa moithuti oa baeloji ea metsing eo lipatlisiso tsa hae li shebaneng le likolopata tsa leoatleng. Mohlodi wa selemo sena ke Jaime Restrepo.

Bala kakaretso ea lipatlisiso tsa hae ka tlase:

Background

Likolopata tsa metsing li lula tikolohong e ikhethang bophelong bohle ba tsona; hangata ba lula libakeng tse hlalositsoeng tsa ho batla lijo 'me ba fallela halofo ea selemo ho ea mabōpong a leoatle hang ha ba se ba le mahlahahlaha a ho ikatisa (Shimada et al. 2020). Ho tsebahatsa libaka tse fapaneng tsa bolulo tse sebelisoang ke likolopata tsa leoatleng le khokahano lipakeng tsa tsona ke senotlolo sa ho beha ts'ireletso ea libaka tse hlokahalang ho netefatsa hore li phethahatsa mesebetsi ea tsona ea tikoloho (Troëng et al. 2005, Kofi et al. 2020). Mefuta e mengata e fallang joalo ka likolopata tsa metsing, e itšetlehile ka libaka tsa bohlokoa hore li atlehe. Kahoo, maano a paballo a ho sireletsa mefuta ena a tla atleha feela joalo ka boemo ba sehokelo se fokolang ho feta tsela ea bafalli. Satellite telemetry e nolofalitse kutloisiso ea tikoloho ea tikoloho le boitšoaro ba ho falla ha likolopata tsa leoatleng le ho fana ka temohisiso ka biology ea tsona, ts'ebeliso ea tikoloho le paballo (Wallace et al. 2010). Nakong e fetileng, ho latela likolopata tse neng li lula lihlaha ho ile ha bonesa liphasejeng tse fallang le ho thusa ho fumana libaka tsa ho batla lijo (Vander Zanden et al. 2015). Leha ho na le boleng bo boholo ho tsamaiso ea satellite telemetry ho ithuta mefuta ea mefuta, tšitiso e 'ngoe e kholo ke theko e phahameng ea li-transmitters, tseo hangata li lebisang ho saese e fokolang ea lisampole. Ho felisa phephetso ena, tlhahlobo e tsitsitseng ea isotope (SIA) ea lintho tse tloaelehileng tse fumanoang tlhahong e bile sesebelisoa se molemo sa ho khetholla libaka tse amanang le metsamao ea liphoofolo libakeng tsa leoatle. Metsamao ea ho falla e ka lateloa ho ipapisitsoe le li-gradients tsa sebaka ka har'a boleng ba isotope ba bahlahisi ba mantlha (Vander Zanden et al. 2015). Kabo ea li-isotopi linthong tsa tlhaho le tsa tlhaho ho ka boleloa esale pele ho hlalosa maemo a tikoloho ho pholletsa le sekala sa sebaka le sa nakoana, ho theha libaka tsa naha kapa li-isoscapes. Matšoao ana a biochemical a susumetsoa ke tikoloho ka phetisetso ea trophic, ka hona, liphoofolo tsohle tse sebakeng se boletsoeng li ngotsoe ntle le ho ts'oaroa le ho tšoauoa (McMahon et al. 2013). Litšobotsi tsena li etsa hore mekhoa ea SIA e sebetse hantle le ho boloka chelete e ngata, e lumella ho fihlella boholo ba sampole e kholoanyane, le ho eketsa kemelo ea batho ba ithutoang. Kahoo, ho tsamaisa SIA ka ho etsa mohlala oa likolopata tse lulang lihlaha ho ka fana ka monyetla oa ho hlahloba tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa libakeng tsa ho batla lijo pele ho nako ea ho ikatisa (Witteveen 2009). Ho feta moo, papiso ea likhakanyo tsa isoscape tse ipapisitseng le SIA ho tsoa lisampoleng tse bokelletsoeng sebakeng sa boithuto, ka lintlha tsa tlhokomeliso tse fumanoeng ho tsoa lithutong tsa nakong e fetileng tsa tlhahlobo ea matšoao le liphuputso tsa satellite telemetry, li ka sebelisoa ho fumana khokahanyo ea sebaka ho biogeochemical, le litsamaiso tsa tikoloho. Ka hona, mokhoa ona o loketse hantle bakeng sa thuto ea mefuta e ka 'nang ea se ke ea fumaneha ho bafuputsi ka nako e telele ea bophelo ba bona (McMahon et al. 2013). Tortuguero National Park (TNP), lebōpong le ka leboea la Caribbean la Costa Rica, ke lebōpo le leholo ka ho fetisisa la lihlaha tsa leoatle la leoatle la Caribbean (Seminoff et al. 2015; Restrepo et al. 2023). Lintlha tsa ho khutlisa li-tag ho tsoa ho likopi tsa machabeng li bonts'itse mekhoa ea ho qhalakana ka morao ho sehlaha ho tsoa ho baahi bana ho pholletsa le Costa Rica, le linaha tse ling tse 19 sebakeng seo (Troëng et al. 2005). Ho tloha khale, mesebetsi ea lipatlisiso Tortuguero e ne e tsepamisitsoe haholo karolong e ka leboea ea 8 km lebopong la leoatle (Carr et al. 1978). Pakeng tsa 2000 le 2002, likolopata tse leshome tse hlahisitsoeng ka satellite tse ileng tsa lokolloa karolong ena ea lebōpo la leoatle li ile tsa leba leboea ho ea libakeng tsa neritic tsa ho batla lijo ho tloha Nicaragua, Honduras le Belize (Troëng et al. 2005). Leha ho le joalo, tlhaiso-leseling ea ho khutla ha li-flipper-tag e fane ka bopaki bo hlakileng ba basali ba nkang maeto a malelele a ho falla, litsela tse ling ha li so bonoe motsamaong oa likolopata tse tšoailoeng ka sathelaete (Troëng et al. 2005). Tsepamiso ea sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse robeli ea lithuto tsa pele e ka 'na ea e-ba leeme karolo e lekanyelitsoeng ea litsela tsa ho falla tse hlokometsoeng, e leng ho feteletseng bohlokoa ba litsela tsa ho falla tse ka leboea le libaka tsa ho batla lijo. Sepheo sa phuputso ena ke ho lekola khokahanyo ea ho falla bakeng sa palo ea likolopata tse tala tsa Tortuguero, ka ho hlahloba boleng ba carbon (δ 13C) le nitrogen (δ 15N) bakeng sa libaka tse behang phepelo ho pholletsa le Leoatle la Caribbean.

Liphello tse lebeletsoeng

Ka lebaka la matsapa a rona a ho etsa lisampole, re se re bokelletse lisampole tse fetang 800 tsa lithane tse tsoang likolopata tse tala. Bongata ba bona bo tsoa Tortuguero, ka pokello ea mehlala libakeng tsa phepelo e tla phethoa selemo ho pota. Ho ipapisitsoe le SIA ho tsoa lisampoleng tse bokelletsoeng tikolohong eohle, re tla hlahisa mohlala oa isoscape bakeng sa likolopata tse tala Caribbean, re hlahisa libaka tse ikhethileng tsa boleng ba δ13C le δ15N libakeng tsa joang ba leoatle (McMahon et al. 2013; Vander Zanden et al. 2015) . Moetso ona o tla sebelisoa ho lekola libaka tse tsamaellanang tsa likolopata tse tala tse lulang Tortuguero, ho ipapisitsoe le SIA ea bona.