2017 Boyd N. Lyon Sea Turtle Umamkeli Fund

I-Boyd N. Lyon Sea Turtle Fund yadalwa kwinkumbulo kaBoyd N. Lyon kwaye ibonelela nge-scholarship yonyaka kumfundi omnye webhayoloji yaselwandle ophando lwakhe lugxile kwiimfudo zaselwandle. Le ngxowa-mali yenziwe lusapho kunye nabo babathandayo ngokubambisana ne-The Ocean Foundation ukubonelela ngenkxaso kwezo projekthi zomeleza ukuqonda kwethu ukuziphatha kofudo lwaselwandle, iimfuno zendawo yokuhlala, ubuninzi, ukusasazwa kwendawo kunye nexesha, ukhuseleko lophando lokuntywila, phakathi kwezinye. UBoyd wayesebenza kwisidanga seBhayoloji kwiYunivesithi yaseCentral Florida kwaye esenza uphando kwi-UCF Marine Turtle Research Institute eMelbourne Beach xa wasweleka kabuhlungu esenza eyona nto wayeyithanda kakhulu, ezama ukubamba ufudo lwaselwandle olungakwaziyo. Abafundi abaninzi bafaka izicelo zokufunda unyaka nonyaka, kodwa lowo uzuzayo kufuneka abe nothando lokwenyani lofudo lwaselwandle olufana nolukaBoyd.

Lo nyaka umamkeli weBoyd N. Lyon Sea Turtle Fund Scholarship nguJuan Manuel Rodriquez-Baron. UJuan ngoku ulandela i-PhD yakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina, eWilmington. Isicwangciso esicetywayo sikaJuan sibandakanya uvavanyo lwe-Bycatch kunye namazinga e-physiological okukhululwa emva kokukhululwa kwe-East Pacific leatherback turtles kwiindawo zokutya ngaphandle konxweme loMbindi noMzantsi Melika. Funda isicwangciso sakhe esipheleleyo ngezantsi:

​

1. Imvelaphi yombuzo wophando 
Ufudo lwaseMpuma Pasifiki (EP) lweleatherback (iDermochelys coriacea) lusuka eMexico ukuya eChile, lunamanxweme amakhulu ahlala eMexico naseCosta Rica (Santidrián Tomillo et al. 2007; Sarti Martínez et al. 2007) kunye neendawo ezisisiseko zokutya ukutya kumanzi akude nonxweme lwaseCosta Rica. I-Central and South America (Shillinger et al. 2008, 2011; Bailey et al. 2012). I-EP leatherback turtle idweliswe yi-IUCN njengeseMngciphekweni omkhulu, kwaye ukwehla okumangalisayo kwenani leemazi ezizalela kwiilwandle ezinkulu zesalathiso kubhaliwe.http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/46967807/0). Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngoku kukho ngaphantsi kwe-1000 iifudo ze-EP zabasetyhini abadala. Ukubanjwa okungacetywanga kwabantu abadala kunye nabadala abancinci be-EP leatherback turtles ngamashishini okuloba asebenza phakathi kolu didi lweendawo zokuhlala ezithengisa ukutya yeyona nto ixhalabisayo, xa kujongwa impembelelo enamandla ezi zigaba zobomi ezinazo kutshintsho lwabantu (Alfaro-Shigueto et al. 2007, 2011; Wallace et al. ngo-2008). Iziphumo ezivela kuphando olusekelwe kumazibuko olulawulwa kunxweme loMzantsi Melika lubonisa ukuba phakathi kwe-1000 kunye ne-2000 i-EP leatherback turtles zibanjiswa kumashishini abalobi abakhasayo ngonyaka, kwaye malunga ne-30% - 50% yofudo ababanjiweyo bayafa (NFWF kunye ne-IUCN/SSC IQela leNgcali yoFudo lwaseLwandle). I-NOAA idwelise i-Pacific leatherback turtle njengenye yesibhozo "Iintlobo kwi-Spotlight", kwaye ichaze ukuncitshiswa kwe-bycatch njengenye yezinto eziphambili zokulondoloza ukugcinwa kolu didi. NgoMatshi ka-2012, iQela eliSebenzayo leNgcali ladityaniswa ukuze liphuhlise iSicwangciso sokuSebenza soMmandla sokumisa nokubuyisela umva ukuhla kofudo lwe-EP leatherback. ISicwangciso sokuSebenza soMmandla sigxininisa ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kokuchonga iindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu wokubambisa, kwaye sicebisa ngokukodwa ukwandiswa kovavanyo lokubanjwa kofudo lwaselwandle olusekwe kwizibuko ukuquka iPanama neColombia. Ngaphezu koko, iSicwangciso sokuSebenza soMmandla siyavuma ukuba ukufa ngenxa yokuloba ngentlanzi kuzisa umngeni omkhulu kwiinzame zeEP leatherback turtle, kwaye siqinisekisa ukuba ukuqonda ngcono amazinga okufa kwasemva kokudibana kubalulekile kuvavanyo oluvakalayo lwefuthe lokwenyani lokuloba ngentlanzi. olu hlobo.

2. Iinjongo 
2.1. Yazisa malunga nokuba zeziphi iinqwelo ezinxibelelana nee-leatherbacks kwaye ngawaphi amaxesha onyaka kunye nemimandla ebaluleke ngakumbi kolo nxibelelwano; kwakhona, ukuqhuba iindibano zocweyo kunye nabalobi ukwabelana ngeziphumo zophando, ukukhuthaza ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokuphatha nokukhulula amafudo ababanjiweyo, kunye nokukhuthaza ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano ukuququzelela izifundo zexesha elizayo.

​
2.2. Coca uqikelelo lokufa kofudo lweleatherback ngenxa yentsebenziswano yamashishini okuloba, kunye noxwebhu lweentshukumo zofudo lwe-leatherback kwiindawo ezityela kwi-East Pacific ukuze kuhlolwe iindawo ezinokubakho kwiindibano zokuloba.
​
2.3. Ukusebenzisana namanyathelo ommandla ngokubanzi (i-LaudOPO, i-NFWF) kunye ne-NOAA ukubonisa ukubanjiswa kwee-leatherback turtles kushishino lokuloba kuMbindi noMzantsi Melika kunye nokwazisa ngezigqibo zolawulo malunga neenjongo zokunciphisa izoyikiso.
​
3. Iindlela
3.1. Isigaba sokuqala (siyaqhuba) Siqhube uhlolo lovavanyo lwendlela yokubambisa olusemgangathweni kumazibuko amathathu eColombia (eBuenaventura, Tumaco, naseBahía Solano) kunye namazibuko asixhenxe ePanama (Vacamonte, Pedregal, Remedios, Muelle Fiscal, Coquira, Juan Diaz naseMutis). Ukukhethwa kwamazibuko olawulo lovavanyo kwakusekwe kulwazi lukarhulumente malunga neenqwelo zokuloba eziphambili ezisebenza kumanzi aseColombia nasePanama. Ngaphezu koko, ulwazi malunga nokuba iinqanawa zinxibelelana njani nee-leatherbacks kunye nokuqokelelwa kokuqala kolungelelwaniso lonxibelelwano (ngeeyunithi zeGPS ezisasazwe kubalobi abazimisele ukuthatha inxaxheba). Ezi nkcukacha ziya kusivumela ukuba sihlole ukuba zeziphi iinqwelo-mafutha esinokuthi sisebenze nazo ukuze siqokelele ulwazi oluthe vetshe ngonxibelelwano. Ngokwenza iindibano zocweyo zikazwelonke ngoJuni ka-2017, sicebisa ukubonelela ngoqeqesho kunye nezixhobo zokukhuthaza izenzo zokuloba eziya kwandisa amathuba okusinda emva kokukhululwa kofudo olubanjiswe elunxwemeni kunye nepelagic kumazwe omabini.
3.2. Isigaba sesibini Siza kuthumela ii-sathelay transmitters kwaye siqhube uhlolo lwezempilo ngofudo lwe-leatherback olubanjwe kushishino lokuloba ngentambo emide/ngegillnet yaseColombia nasePanama. Siza kusebenzisana noosonzululwazi bakarhulumente abavela kwiNkonzo yeSizwe yokuLoba yaseColombia nePanama (i-AUNAP ne-ARAP) kunye nabalobi abasebenza kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu wokubambisa, njengoko kubonisiwe luphando olusekwe kumazibuko. Uvavanyo lwempilo kunye nokuncamatheliswa kothumelo kuya kwenziwa, ngokwemigaqo epapashiweyo (uHarris et al. 2011; Casey et al. 2014), kunye nofudo lwesikhumba oluthinjiweyo ngexesha lokuloba rhoqo. Iisampulu zegazi ziya kuhlalutywa kwizinto eziguquguqukayo ezithile kwinqanawa kunye ne-point-of-care analyzer, kunye ne-sub-sample yegazi iya kukhenkcezwa ukuhlalutya kamva. Iithegi ze-PAT ziya kucwangciswa ukuba zikhutshwe kwindawo encamathele kuyo i-carapacial phantsi kweemeko ezibonisa ukufa (okt ubunzulu > 1200m okanye ubunzulu obuqhubekayo kwiiyure ezingama-24) okanye emva kwexesha lokubeka iliso leenyanga ezi-6. Siza kusebenzisa indlela yokwenza imodeli efanelekileyo kwidatha eqokelelweyo ukuthelekisa iimpawu zomzimba zabasindileyo, ukufa, kunye nofudo olusempilweni olubanjwe elwandle kuphando lwezenzululwazi. Iintshukumo zasemva kokukhululwa ziya kubekwa esweni kwaye iintsingiselo zesithuba nezexeshana ekusetyenzisweni kwendawo yokuhlala ziya kuphandwa. 4. Iziphumo ezilindelekileyo, indlela iziphumo eziya kusasazwa ngayo Siza kusebenzisa idatha yophando kunye neenkcukacha-manani zikarhulumente malunga nobukhulu kunye neenzame zeenqwelo zokuloba ukuqikelela inani leentshukumo zofudo lweleatherback ezenzeka ngonyaka kumashishini okuloba akwizinga eliphantsi nakwezoshishino. Ukuthelekisa ukubanjiswa kofudo ngeleatherback phakathi kwamashishini okuloba kuya kusivumela ukuba sichonge ezona zoyikiso ziphambili kunye namathuba okucutha ukubanjiswa ngengozi kulo mmandla. Ukudityaniswa kwedatha yefiziyoloji neenkcukacha zokuziphatha emva kokukhutshwa kuya kuphucula amandla ethu okuvavanya ukubhubha kwabantu ngenxa yentsebenziswano yamashishini okuloba. Ukulandelelwa kwesathelayithi kofudo olukhululwe ngofele kuya kuba negalelo kwinjongo yeSicwangciso sokuSebenza soMmandla ekuchongeni iipateni zokusetyenziswa kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nokubanakho ukudityaniswa kwesithuba kunye nokokwexeshana kofudo lweleatherback nemisebenzi yokuloba eMpuma Pacific.