8.1 – Usuku lokuSebenza lwe-Ocean Acidization

U-Alexis Valauri-Orton, iGosa leNkqubo, uthethe kwabo bebezimase uSuku lokuSebenza lwesibini lonyaka lwe-Ocean Acidification obubanjelwe kuMzi wozakuzo waseNew Zealand nge-8 kaJanuwari, 2020. Ngawo la amagqabaza akhe:

8.1. Nantso inombolo esizise sonke apha namhlanje. Ngumhla wanamhlanje, kunjalo-umhla we-8 kaJanuwari. Kodwa ikwalinani elibaluleke kakhulu kwi-71% yeplanethi yethu elulwandle. I-8.1 yi-pH yangoku yolwandle.

Ndithi yangoku, kuba i-pH yolwandle iyatshintsha. Enyanisweni, itshintsha ngokukhawuleza kunanini na kwimbali yokwakheka komhlaba. Xa sikhupha ikharbon diokside, malunga nekota yayo ifunxwa lulwandle. Umzuzu wokuba i-CO2 ingene elwandle, idibana namanzi ukwenza i-carbonic acid. Ulwandle luneasidi engaphezulu ngama-30% ngoku kunokuba kwakunjalo kwiminyaka engama-200 eyadlulayo, kwaye ukuba siyaqhubeka nokukhupha umyinge esikuwo namhlanje, ulwandle luya kuphinda kabini kwiasidi ekupheleni kobomi bam.

Olu tshintsho lungazange lubonwe ngaphambili kwi-pH yolwandle kuthiwa yi-acidification yolwandle. Kwaye namhlanje, ngoMhla wesibini wonyaka wokuSebenza kwe-Ocean Acidification, ndifuna ukunixelela ukuba kutheni ndikhathala kangaka malunga nokujongana nesi soyikiso, kwaye kutheni ndikhuthazwa ngumsebenzi ngamnye wenu awenzayo.

Uhambo lwam lwaqala xa ndandineminyaka eli-17 ubudala, xa utata wam washiya ikopi yeNew Yorker ebhedini yam. Kuyo kwakukho inqaku elithi “ULwandle Olumnyama,” elalichaza indlela eyoyikisayo ye-pH yolwandle. Ndityhila elo nqaku lephephancwadi, ndajonga imifanekiso yenkumba encinane yaselwandle eyayinyibilika ngokoqobo. Loo nkumba yaselwandle ibizwa ngokuba yipteropod, kwaye yenza isiseko sekhonkco lokutya kwiindawo ezininzi zolwandle. Njengoko ulwandle lusiba ne-acidic ngakumbi, luba nzima, kwaye ekugqibeleni lungenakwenzeka, kwi-shellfish - njenge-pteropods - ukwakha amaqokobhe abo.

Elo nqaku landichukumisa laza landoyikisa. Ukwenziwa kweasidi yolwandle akuchaphazeli nje ishellfish- ithoba isantya sokukhula koqaqa kwaye ichaphazela isakhono sentlanzi ukuhambahamba. Inokuphelisa amakhonkco okutya axhasa ushishino lwethu lokuloba. Isenokunyibilikisa iingqaqa zekorale ezixhasa ukhenketho lweebhiliyoni zeerandi ize inike ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo lonxweme. Ukuba asiyitshintshi indlela yethu, iya kuxabisa uqoqosho lwehlabathi i-$1Trillion ngonyaka ngo-2100. Kwiminyaka emibini emva kokuba ndifunde elo nqaku, iasidi yolwandle yafika kufutshane nekhaya. Ngokoqobo. Umzi-mveliso weembatyisi kwilizwe lam lasekhaya, eWashington, wajongana nokuwohloka njengoko iindawo zokuqandusela iimbatyisi zafumana phantse i-80% yokusweleka. Bebonke, izazinzulu, abanini bamashishini, nabawisi-mthetho beza nesicombululo sokulondoloza ishishini leeshellfish laseWashington ezixabisa i-180 lezigidi zeerandi. Ngoku, abanini beendawo zokuqandusela kunxweme olusentshona bajonga unxweme kwaye bangakwazi ukuvala amanzi angena kwiindawo zabo zokuqandusela ukuba isiganeko seasidi siza kwenzeka. Kwaye, banokuwakhusela amanzi abo nto leyo evumela iintsana zeembatyisi ukuba zichume nokuba amanzi angaphandle angena engenabubele.

Kodwa owona mceli mngeni wokujongana neasidi yolwandle awuzange undibethe de ndibe kude nekhaya. Ndandise-Ban Don Bay, eThailand, njengenxalenye yobudlelwane bonyaka wonke ndifunda ukuba i-asidi yolwandle inokuchaphazela njani uluntu kwihlabathi jikelele. I-Ban Don Bay ixhasa ishishini lokufuya i-shellfish elondla abantu kulo lonke elaseThailand. U-Ko Jaob ufuye kule ngingqi amashumi eminyaka, kwaye wandixelela ukuba unexhala. Kukho utshintsho emanzini, watsho. Kuya kuba nzima ukubamba imbewu ye-shellfish. Ngaba unokundixelela ukuba kwenzeka ntoni, wabuza? Kodwa, andizange ndikwazi. Kwakungekho datha apho. Akukho lwazi lokubeka iliso lokundixelela ukuba iasidi yolwandle, okanye enye into, ibibangela iingxaki zika-Ko Jaob. Ukuba bekukho iliso, yena kunye namanye amafama oyster bebenokucwangcisa ixesha labo lokukhula malunga notshintsho kwimichiza. Bebenokugqiba ekubeni batyale imali kwindawo yokuqandusela ukukhusela imbewu yeembatyisi ekufeni okuthe kwafika kuNxweme oluseNtshona lwase-US. Kodwa, akukho nanye kuloo nto yayiyinketho.

Emva kokudibana no-Ko Joab, ndakhwela inqwelo-moya ukuya kwindawo elandelayo yobudlelwane bam bophando: eNew Zealand. Ndichithe iinyanga ezintathu kwiSiqithi esihle saseMzantsi ndisebenza kwindawo yokuqandusela iimbaza eziluhlaza eNelson nakwifama yeembatyisi eBluff eStewart Island. Ndabubona ubungangamsha belizwe elibuxabisayo ubuncwane balo baselwandle, kodwa kwakhona ndabubona ubunzima obunyanyezelwa yimizi-mveliso ebotshelelwe elwandle. Zininzi kakhulu izinto ezinokwenza isikali ngokuchasene nomlimi woonokrwece. Xa ndandiseNew Zealand, iasidi yolwandle yayingekho kwiirada zabantu abaninzi. Eyona nto yayixhalabisa kakhulu kwiindawo zokufuya oonokrwece yayiyintsholongwane yembatyisi eyayisasazeka isuka eFransi.

Sele kudlule iminyaka esibhozo ndihlala eNew Zealand. Kuloo minyaka isibhozo, izazinzulu, amalungu eshishini, kunye nabaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo apho benza isigqibo esibalulekileyo: bakhetha ukwenza okuthile. Bakhetha ukujongana ne-asidi yolwandle kuba babesazi ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba bangahoyi. INew Zealand ngoku iyinkokeli yehlabathi kumlo wokujongana nalo mbandela ngesayensi, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha, kunye nolawulo. Ndinelunda ngokuba lapha namhlanje ukuze ndithathele ingqalelo ubunkokeli beNew Zealand. Kule minyaka isibhozo iNew Zealand isenza inkqubela, nam ndiye ndajoyina i-Ocean Foundation kwiminyaka emine eyadlulayo ukuze ndiqiniseke ukuba andisoze ndixelele umntu onjengoKo Joab ukuba andinalo ulwazi endiludingayo ukuze ndimncede. noluntu lwakhe lukhusela ikamva labo.

Namhlanje, njengeGosa leNkqubo, ndikhokela iNyathelo lethu le-International Ocean Acidification. Ngeli nyathelo sakha amandla eenzululwazi, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, kwaye ekugqibeleni uluntu lubeke iliso, luqonde, kwaye luphendule kwi-asidi yolwandle. Senza oku ngokudibanisa uqeqesho oluphantsi, ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo, kunye nokucebisa ngokubanzi kunye nenkxaso yamaqabane ethu. Abantu esisebenza nabo basusela kwiiseneta, ukuya kubafundi, kwiinzululwazi, ukuya kumafama oonokrwece.

Ndifuna ukukuxelela kancinci malunga nomsebenzi wethu kunye neenzululwazi. Olona gxininiso lwethu kukunceda oosonzululwazi benze iinkqubo zokubeka iliso. Kuba ukubeka iliso ngeendlela ezininzi kusixelela into eyenzekayo emanzini. Isibonisa iipateni ekuhambeni kwexesha - phezulu kunye nokuhla. Kwaye eli bali libaluleke kakhulu ukuba silungele ukulwa, kwaye silungelelanise, ukuze sikwazi ukuzikhusela thina, indlela yethu yokuphila kunye nendlela yethu yokuphila. Kodwa, xa ndandiqala lo msebenzi, ukubeka esweni kwakungenzeki kwiindawo ezininzi. Amaphepha ebali ayengabhalwanga.

Isizathu esiphambili soku ibizindleko eziphezulu kunye nobunzima bokubeka iliso. Kutshanje nje ngo-2016, ukubeka esweni i-asidi yolwandle kuthetha ukutyala imali ubuncinci i-300,000 yeedola zokuthenga izinzwa kunye neenkqubo zokuhlalutya. Kodwa, akusekho. NgeNyanga yethu siye sadala isixhobo esinexabiso eliphantsi lezixhobo esazithiya ngokuba yi-GOA-ON — uthungelwano lokujonga iasidi yolwandle jikelele — ebhokisini. Iindleko? I-$ 20,000, ngaphantsi kwe-1/10 yeendleko zeenkqubo zangaphambili.

Ibhokisi yinto encinci yegama elingalunganga, nangona yonke into ingena kwibhokisi enkulu kakhulu. Le khithi iquka izinto ezingama-49 ezivela kubathengisi abali-12 ezenza ukuba oosonzululwazi bakwazi ukufikelela kuphela kumbane nakumanzi olwandle ukuqokelela idatha yodidi lwehlabathi. Sithatha le ndlela yemodyuli kuba yiyo esebenza kumazwe amaninzi aselunxwemeni. Kulula kakhulu ukubuyisela indawo enye encinci yenkqubo yakho xa isaphuka, kunokuba ugxothwe xa inkqubo yakho yohlalutyo yonke ye-50,000 yeedola ivaliwe.

Siqeqeshe ngaphezu kwe-100 izazinzulu ezivela kumazwe angaphezu kwama-20 malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa i-GOA-ON kwiBhokisi. Sithenge kwaye sathumela iikhithi ezili-17 kumazwe ali-16. Sibonelele ngenkxaso-mali yokufunda kunye nezibonelelo zoqeqesho kunye namathuba oqeqesho. Siwabonile amaqabane ethu ekhula ukusuka kubafundi ukuya kwiinkokeli.

E-Fiji, uGqr. Katy Soapi usebenzisa ikiti yethu ukufunda indlela ukubuyiselwa kwe-mangrove kuchaphazela ngayo i-chemistry ye-bay. EJamaica, iMarcia Creary Ford ibonakalisa ikhemikhali yelizwe lesiqithi okokuqala. EMexico, uGqr. Cecilia Chapa Balcorta ulinganisa imichiza kunxweme lwase-Oaxaca, indawo acinga ukuba inokuba neyona asidi igqithisileyo kweli lizwe. I-acidification yolwandle iyenzeka, kwaye iya kuqhubeka isenzeka. Le nto siyenzayo kwi-The Ocean Foundation kuseka uluntu oluhlala ngaselunxwemeni ukuze luphumelele xa lujongene nalo mngeni. Ndijonge phambili kwimini xa zonke izizwe eziselunxwemeni zilazi ibali lazo lolwandle. Xa beyazi iipatheni zenguqu, iindawo eziphakamileyo kunye nezisezantsi, kwaye xa bekwazi ukubhala isiphelo - isiphelo apho uluntu olunxweme kunye neplanethi yethu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ikhula.

Kodwa asinakuyenza sisodwa. Namhlanje, ngomhla we-8 kuJanuwari - uSuku lokuSebenza kwe-Ocean Acidification - ndicela umntu ngamnye kuni alandele ubunkokeli baseNew Zealand naseMexico kwaye azibuze "Ndingenza ntoni ukunceda uluntu lwam ukuba lukwazi ukunyamezela? Ndingenza ntoni ukuvala izikhewu kuhlolo nakwiziseko ezingundoqo? Ndingenza ntoni ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlabathi liyazi ukuba kufuneka silungise iasidi yolwandle?

Ukuba awuyazi ukuba uqale ngaphi, ndikuphathele iindaba ezimnandi. Namhlanje, ukuhlonipha olu suku lwesibini lwe-Ocean Acidification Day of Action, sikhupha iNcwadi yesiKhokelo ye-Ocean Acidification entsha yabaSebenzi bemigaqo-nkqubo. Ukufikelela kule ncwadi yesikhokelo ikhethekileyo, nceda ulandele imiyalelo ekumakhadi eenowuthsi athe saa kwindawo yolwamkelo. Incwadi yesikhokelo yingqokelela ebanzi yayo yonke imithetho ekhoyo kunye nezikhokelo zomgaqo-nkqubo ezijongana ne-asidi yolwandle, kunye namagqabantshintshi ngendlela esebenza ngcono kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko.

Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nencwadi yesikhokhelo, okanye ukuba awazi kakuhle ukuba ungaqala phi, nceda, uze undifumane okanye omnye wogxa bam. Siyakuvuyela ukuhlala phantsi kwaye sikuncede uqalise akho uhambo.