Uhambo lokuFama iintlanzi oluya eTshayina

nguMark J. Spalding, uMongameli we-Ocean Foundation

Ukujonga ngefestile yehotele kwiZibuko laseHong Kong kunika umbono othatha iinkulungwane zorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nembali. Ukusuka kwiijunk zaseTshayina eziqhelekileyo kunye neeseyile zabo ezibethelwe ngokupheleleyo ukuya kwezona mvanje kwi-mega-container nqanawa, ukungaphelelwa lixesha kunye nokufikelela kwihlabathi jikelele okuququzelelwa ziindlela zorhwebo zolwandle zimelwe ngokupheleleyo. Kutshanje, bendiseHong Kong kwiNgqungquthela ye-10 yeZizwe ngezizwe eziZinzileyo zeSeafood, eqhutywa nguSeaWeb. Emva kwengqungquthela, iqela elincinane kakhulu lakhwela ibhasi ukuya kwilizwe laseTshayina kuhambo lwasemanzini. Ebhasini kwakukho abanye oogxa bethu benkxaso-mali, abameli beshishini leentlanzi, kunye neentatheli ezine zaseTshayina, uJohn Sackton weSeafoodNews.com, uBob Tkacz weAlaska Journal of Commerce, abameli beeNGO, kunye noNora Pouillon, umpheki owaziwayo, indawo yokutyela ( Indawo yokutyela uNora), kunye nommeli owaziwayo wokufumana ukutya kwaselwandle okuzinzileyo. 

Njengoko ndabhala kwisithuba sam sokuqala malunga nohambo lwaseHong Kong, i-China ivelisa (kwaye inxalenye enkulu, idla) malunga ne-30% yeemveliso ze-aquaculture zehlabathi. AmaShayina anamava amaninzi-i-aquaculture yenziwe e-China malunga neminyaka engama-4,000. Ufuyo lwasemanzini lwesintu ubukhulu becala lwaluqhutywa ecaleni kwemilambo kumathafa akhukulayo apho ukufuywa kweentlanzi kwakudityaniswe nezityalo zolunye uhlobo okanye olunye olunokuthi luthabathe ithuba lamanzi amdaka avela kwiintlanzi ukwandisa imveliso. I-China ijonge ekuphuhliseni imveliso yasemanzini ukuze ihlangabezane nemfuno yayo ekhulayo, ngelixa igcina enye yendalo yayo yasemanzini endaweni. Kwaye ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kungundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukwandisa i-aquaculture kunokwenziwa ngeendlela eziluncedo kwezoqoqosho, ubuthathaka bendalo, kunye nentlalontle.

Indawo yethu yokuqala ibiyiGuangzhou, ikomkhulu lephondo laseGuangdong, ikhaya elinabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezisi-7. Apho, sityelele iMarike ye-Huangsha Live Seafood eyaziwa njengeyona ntengiso inkulu yentengiso yokutya kwaselwandle emhlabeni. Iitanki zeekreyifishi, igrouper, nezinye izilwanyana bezilwela isithuba nabathengi, abathengisi, abapakishi nabathuthi—kunye namawakawaka eecolisi zeStyrofoam eziphinda zisetyenziswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengoko imveliso ihanjiswa ngebhayisekile, ilori, okanye enye isithuthi . Izitrato zimanzi ngamanzi achithelwe kwiitanki kwaye asetyenziselwa ukuhlamba iindawo zokugcina, kunye nolwelo olwahlukeneyo umntu ngokubanzi ukhetha ukungahlali. Imithombo yeentlanzi ezibanjiswe endle zeyehlabathi kwaye uninzi lwemveliso yasemanzini yayisuka eTshayina okanye iAsia iphela. Intlanzi igcinwa isentsha kangangoko kwaye oku kuthetha ukuba ezinye zezinto zezonyaka – kodwa ngokubanzi kusengqiqweni ukuthi ungafumana nantoni na apha, kuquka neentlobo ongazange wazibona ngaphambili.

Indawo yesibini esamisa kuyo yayiyiZhapo Bay kufuphi neMaoming. Sathatha iiteksi zamandulo zamanzi ukuya kwiseti edadayo yeefama zekheji ezisetyenziswa yiYangjiang Cage Culture Association. Amakhulu amahlanu amaqela okubhala ayethe thaa kwizibuko. Kwiqela ngalinye kwakukho indlu encinci apho umfama wentlanzi ahlala khona kwaye ukutya kwakugcinwa. Uninzi lwamaqela lwalunenja enkulu egadayo eyayigada kwiindledlana ezimxinwa phakathi kweepeni zokubhala. Abamkeli bethu basibonisa enye yemisebenzi kwaye baphendula imibuzo malunga nokuveliswa kwegubu elibomvu, i-croaker etyheli, ipompano kunye ne-grouper. Bade bakhupha umnatha ophezulu kwaye bangena ngaphakathi kwaye basinika ipompano ephilayo kwisidlo sethu sakusihlwa, bapakishwe ngononophelo kwingxowa yeplastiki eluhlaza kunye namanzi ngaphakathi kwebhokisi yeStyrofoam. Sahamba nayo ngaloo ngokuhlwa saza sayilungiselela kunye nezinye izimuncumuncu esiza kutya.

Indawo yethu yesithathu ibikundlunkulu weQela laseGuolian Zhanjiang ukwenzela umboniso weshishini, isidlo sasemini, kunye nokhenketho lweplanti yayo yokulungisa kunye neelebhu zolawulo lomgangatho. Saphinda satyelela indawo yokuqandusela iimfanzi zaseGuolian kunye namachibi asele ekhulile. Masithi le ndawo yayiyeyobugcisa obuphezulu, ishishini lemizi-mveliso, eligxile kwimveliso yentengiso yehlabathi, igcwele isitokhwe esilungiselelweyo, ukuqanduselwa kwe-shrimp, amachibi, imveliso yokutya, ukusetyenzwa, uphando lwezenzululwazi kunye namaqabane orhwebo. Kwafuneka sinxibe ii-coverall ezipheleleyo, iminqwazi kunye nemaski, sihambe ngesibulali ntsholongwane, kwaye sikhuhle phambi kokuba sikhenkethe indawo yokusebenzela. Ngaphakathi kwakukho inkalo yokulahla imihlathi eyayingeyoteknoloji ephakamileyo. Ibala lebhola elilingana negumbi elinemiqolo kwimiqolo yabasetyhini abanxibe iisuti ze-hazmat, behleli kwizitulo ezincinci befake izandla zabo kwiingobozi zomkhenkce apho babenqunyulwa khona intloko, bexobula kwaye bekhupha i-shrimp. Le nxalenye yayingeyoteknoloji ephezulu, saxelelwa, kuba akukho matshini unokuwenza umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokunjalo
Imbasa kaGuolian ephumelele ibhaso (kubandakanywa neendlela ezingcono ezisuka kwiBhunga leSiqinisekiso se-Aquaculture) yenye yamaziko amabini kuphela akwinqanaba lombuso lePasifiki amhlophe emfucumfucu (iprawn) e-China kwaye kuphela kweshishini laseTshayina elinguziro elithumela ngaphandle (iintlobo ezintlanu zeshrimps ezikhuliswe efama). iimveliso) ukuya e-USA. Ngexesha elizayo xa uhlala phantsi nakweyiphi na indawo yokutyela yaseDarden (efana ne-Red Lobster okanye i-Olive Garden) kwaye ulandele i-shrimp scampi, mhlawumbi ivela e-Guolian, apho yayikhulile, iqhutywe kwaye iphekwe.

Kuhambo lwasendle siye sabona ukuba kukho izisombululo kumceli mngeni womlinganiselo wokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeprotheyini kunye neemarike. Amacandelo ale misebenzi kufuneka alungelelaniswe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo okwenyani: Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo, ubugcisa bokulinganisa kunye nendawo yokusingqongileyo; ukuchonga iimfuno zentlalo nenkcubeko yasekhaya (zombini ukutya kunye nokubonelela ngabasebenzi), kunye nokuqinisekisa iinzuzo zoqoqosho ezizinzileyo. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla, amanzi, kunye nezothutho kufuneka kwakhona kuthathelwe ingqalelo inkqubo yokwenziwa kwezigqibo malunga nokuba le misebenzi ingasetyenziswa njani ukuxhasa iinzame zokhuseleko lokutya kunye nokukhuthaza impilo yezoqoqosho yasekhaya.

KwiSiseko se-Ocean, siye sajonga iindlela zobugcisa ezivelayo eziphuhliswe ngamaziko ahlukeneyo kunye nezinto ezinomdla zorhwebo ezinokuthunyelwa ukubonelela ngeenzuzo ezingaguqukiyo, ezizinzileyo zoqoqosho kunye nezentlalo ezinciphisa uxinzelelo kwiintlobo zasendle. E-New Orleans East, ishishini lokuloba lasekhaya libandakanya i-80% yoluntu. INkanyamba uKatrina, ukuchitheka kweoyile yeBP, kunye nezinye izinto ziye zaqhubela phambili umzamo omnandi we-multi-layered ukuvelisa intlanzi, imifuno, kunye neenkukhu kwimfuno yendawo yokutyela, ukubonelela ngokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho, kunye nokuchonga iindlela apho umgangatho wamanzi kunye neemfuno zamandla zinokulawulwa. ukuphepha ukwenzakala kwizaqhwithi. E-Baltimore, iprojekthi efanayo ikwisigaba sophando. Kodwa siya kugcina loo mabali kwenye iposi.