Ngaphambi Kwexesha Lethu? Hayi, Ukuyithatha nje ukuya kwiNqanaba elilandelayo

Ukuzisa ukuyilwa ngokutsha ukuze kusetyenziswe kwakhona kwingxoxo yongcoliseko lweplastiki

Thina kwi-Ocean Foundation siyiqhwabela izandla ingxelo yakutshanje #breakfreefromplastic Movement ipapashwe ngoJuni 2021, "Ukuphulukana noPhawu: Ukutyhila izisombululo zobuxoki kwingxaki yongcoliseko lweplastiki".  

Kwaye ngelixa sihlala sixhasa ngokubanzi iinzame zokulawula inkunkuma yeplastiki esele ikwiilwandle zethu kunye nolwandle lwethu - kubandakanywa nokujongana nolawulo lwenkunkuma kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona kunye nokukhuthaza ukucuthwa kokusetyenziswa kweplastiki yabathengi - kuyafaneleka ukuphonononga ukuba ezinye iindlela ezithathwe yi-consortiums, iinkampani kunye nabangenzi nzuzo ngokwenene "zizisombululo zobuxoki".

Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yazo zonke iplastiki ayiphinda isetyenziswe, okanye ayinakurisayikilishwa. Intsonkothile kakhulu kwaye kaninzi ilungiselelwe ukuba ibenegalelo kuqoqosho olujikelezayo. Abavelisi baxuba iipholima (eziza ngobuninzi bezinto ezixutywayo), izongezo (ezifana neeretardants zomlilo), iimibala, izinto zokuncamathelisa kunye nezinye izinto zokwenza iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa, okanye ukubandakanya iilebhile zentengiso. Oku kukhokelele kwingxaki yongcoliseko lweplastiki esijongene nayo namhlanje, kwaye ingxaki imiselwe ukuba ibe mbi ngakumbi, ngaphandle kokuba sicebe kwangaphambili ngekamva lethu. 

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, i-Ocean Foundation's Ukuyila ngokutsha iPhulo lePlastiki ibiphakamisa iflegi ukuze iqaphele iqhekeza elilahlekileyo lomngeni wethu wongcoliseko lweplastiki yehlabathi: Sinokuyitshintsha njani indlela iiplastiki ezenziwe ngayo kwasekuqaleni? Sinokuyiphembelela njani ikhemistri yepolymer ukuba iyilwe ngokutsha ukuze iphinde isetyenziswe? Ngokuhlengahlengisa, sikhomba kwiipolymers ngokwazo - iibhloko zokwakha zeemveliso zeplastiki uninzi lwethu oluzisebenzisayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Iingxoxo zethu nabanokuba ngabaxhamli, abangenzi nzuzo kunye namaqabane ashishinayo abonise ngokupheleleyo imiba emibini engundoqo ephakanyiswe kule ngxelo isisiseko:

1. “Ukunqongophala kwamabhongo kunye nokubekwa phambili kwezinye iindlela zokuhanjiswa kwemveliso kwinqanaba lenkqubo eliza kuvumela ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki enye; kwaye  
2. Utyalo-mali olugqithisileyo kunye nokubekwa phambili kwezisombululo zobuxoki evumela iinkampani ukuba ziqhubeke neshishini njengesiqhelo ukuthembela kusetyenziso lweplastiki enye. ”

Ngethu Ukuyila ngokutsha iPhulo lePlastiki, siya kulandela umthetho wesizwe onolwazi lwesayensi kumazwe avelisa iplastiki ukuze sifune ukulungiswa kwakhona kwekhemistri yeplastiki ngokwayo, ukuyilwa ngokutsha kweemveliso zeplastiki kunye nokunciphisa oko kwenziwa ngeplastiki. Inyathelo lethu liza kushenxisa eli shishini lisuka kwi-Complex, Customized and Consuating ukwenza iplastiki iKhuseleke, ilula kwaye ibekwe emgangathweni.

Phantse kuyo yonke incoko kunye neqabane elinokubakho, indlela yethu iqinisekisiwe njengendlela yokwenyani yokuphembelela utshintsho lwenkqubo.

Ukanti kwaloo ncoko inye, sifumana impendulo eqhelekileyo yokuba siphambi kwexesha lethu. Uluntu oluhlangeneyo kunye nabanye abaxhasi bobubele batyala imali ekucoceni nasekulawuleni inkunkuma - izisombululo ezisusa umthwalo kugxininiso ekuziphatheni kwabathengi kunye nokusilela kolawulo lwenkunkuma kamasipala; kwaye kude nentlaka kunye nabenzi bemveliso yeplastiki. Oko kufana nokugxeka abaqhubi kunye nezixeko kunokuba iinkampani ze-oyile kunye nabavelisi beemoto ngokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.  

Ezinye iindawo zoluntu olungekho phantsi kolawulo lwee-NGO zinelungelo elipheleleyo lokucela ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo kwemveliso nokusetyenziswa kweplastiki esetyenziswa kanye - siye sanceda ekubhaleni eminye yaloo mthetho. Kuba, emva koko, ukuthintela lolona nyango lulungileyo. Siqinisekile ukuba singaluthathela phambili olu thintelo, kwaye siye ngqo kule nto siyenzayo kwaye kutheni. Sikholelwa ukuba ukubunjwa kwakhona kwepolymer akunzima kakhulu, akukude kakhulu kwixesha elizayo, kwaye ngokwenene oko abathengi bafuna kwaye uluntu lufuna ukwenza iplastiki ibe yinxalenye yoqoqosho lwesetyhula. Siyazingca ngokuba siphambili kwisizukulwana esilandelayo sicinga ukulungisa ungcoliseko lweplastiki.

Sicinga ukuba silungile ngexesha.

Ukuphosa uMark ibalaselisa oku: “I-Procter & Gamble, i-Mondelez International, i-PepsiCo, i-Mars, i-Inc., iNkampani ye-Coca-Cola, i-Nestlé kunye ne-Unilever nganye ikwisihlalo somqhubi kwizigqibo ezikhokelela kwipakethe yeplastiki abayifaka emarikeni. Iimodeli zoshishino zezi nkampani, kunye noogxa bazo kulo lonke icandelo leempahla ezipakishweyo, zezinye zezona zizathu nezibangela ungcoliseko lweplastiki… Ngokudibeneyo, ezi nkampani zisixhenxe zenza imali engaphaya kwe-370 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngonyaka. Qwalasela okunokwenzeka ukuba ezi nkampani zibambisene ukuqondisa imali kwizisombululo zokwenyani, eziqinisekisiweyo endaweni yokuchitha imali yazo kumaphulo okuthengisa kunye nezinye iziphazamiso. ” (Iphepha 34)

Siyaqonda ukuba kukho izicelo zeplastiki zexabiso lokwenene kuluntu, nangona iplastiki inobungozi ekwenziweni kwayo, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulahlwa kwayo. Sichonga ezona zinto zisetyenzisiweyo zibaluleke kakhulu, ziyimfuneko kwaye ziluncedo kwaye sibuze ukuba zingenziwa njani ngokutsha ukuze ziqhubeke zisetyenziswa ngaphandle kokonakalisa impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Siza kuchonga kwaye siphuhlise isayensi yokuqala.

Kungekudala, i-Ocean Foundation igxininise ekubekeni esona siseko sibalaseleyo sezenzululwazi ukwazisa inyathelo lethu. Sifuna ngamandla ubuhlakani bezenzululwazi ukuzisa ezi zisombululo zilandelayo kwimpumelelo. Sikunye nabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo, izazinzulu, kunye neshishini, singakwazi:

I-RE-NJINI Ikhemikhali yeplastiki yokunciphisa ukuntsonkotha kunye nobutyhefu-ukwenza iplastiki ibe lula kwaye ikhuseleke. Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zeplastiki okanye izicelo zingenisa iikhemikhali ekutyeni okanye kwisiselo xa zisesichengeni sobushushu okanye kubanda, zichaphazela abantu, izilwanyana kwaye mhlawumbi nobomi bezityalo (cinga ngokunuka igesi yeplastiki kwimoto eshushu). Ukongeza, iplastiki yaziwa ngokuba "incangathi" kwaye ingaba yivector yezinye i-toxins, ibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane. Kwaye, uphononongo olutsha lubonisa ukuba iintsholongwane zinokugqithiselwa elwandle ngongcoliseko lweplastiki ngendlela yeebhotile ezidadayo kunye nenkunkuma yaselwandle.

YENZA KWAKHONA iimveliso zeplastiki ukunciphisa ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso-ukwenza iplastiki ibe semgangathweni kwaye ibe lula. Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yazo zonke iplastiki ayiphinda isetyenziswe okanye ayinakurisayikilishwa. Intsonkothile kakhulu kwaye kaninzi ilungiselelwe ukuba ibenegalelo kuqoqosho olujikelezayo. Abavelisi baxuba iipolymers (eziza ngeendlela ezininzi), izongezelelo (ezifana neeretardants zomlilo), imibala, izinto zokuncamathelisa kunye nezinye izinto zokwenza iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa, okanye ukubandakanya iilebhile zentengiso. Oku kuhlala kuthetha ukuba iimveliso zenziwe ngamaleko ahlukeneyo efilimu yeplastiki ejika iimveliso ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe zibe zizingcolisi ezingenakuphinda zisetyenziswe enye. Ezi zithako kunye neengqimba azikwazi ukuhlukana ngokulula.

UPHINDE UCINGE into esiyenzayo ngeplastiki ngokukhetha ukunciphisa imveliso yeplastiki kuphela kusetyenziso lwayo oluphezulu nolona lungcono-ukwenza i-loop evaliweyo inokwenzeka ngokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezikrwada ezifanayo. Uwiso-mthetho luya kuchaza uluhlu lwemigangatho oluchonga (1) ukusetyenziswa kwezona zinto zixabisekileyo, eziyimfuneko, nezinenzuzo kuluntu apho iplastiki imele esona sisombululo sikhuselekileyo, esifanelekileyo esineenzuzo zexesha elikufuphi nezexesha elide; (2) iiplastiki ezifumaneka lula (okanye eziyilwe ngokulula okanye ezizezinye) kunezinye ezinokuthi zithathelwe indawo okanye zithintelwe; kunye (3) neplastiki engenanjongo okanye engeyomfuneko ukuba ipheliswe.

Ingxaki yenkunkuma yeplastiki yanda kuphela. Kwaye ngelixa ulawulo lwenkunkuma kunye nokunciphisa amaqhinga okusebenzisa iplastiki zizisombululo ezineenjongo ezilungileyo, azikho ncam ukubetha uphawu ekujonganeni nomba omkhulu nontsokothileyo. Iiplastiki njengoko zimiyo azenzelwanga ukuba zisetyenziswe kwakhona - kodwa ngokusebenzisana kunye nokwalathisa imali ekuyilweni ngokutsha kweeplastiki, sinokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa iimveliso esizixabisileyo kwaye sithembele kwiindlela ezikhuselekileyo nezizinzileyo.