Amabali omnenga

Ulwandle yindawo engacacanga kuba kusekuninzi ekufuneka kufundwe ngalo. Indlela yokuphila yeminenga emikhulu nayo ayicacanga—iyamangalisa into esingekayazi ngezi zidalwa zibalaseleyo. Esikwaziyo kukuba ulwandle aluselolwabo, yaye ngeendlela ezininzi ikamva labo libonakala limfiliba. Kwiveki yokugqibela kaSeptemba, ndadlala indima ekuboneni ikamva elihle ngakumbi kwintlanganiso yeentsuku ezintathu malunga ne "Ibali le-Whale: Ixesha elidlulileyo, langoku kunye nekamva" eliququzelelwe yiThala leencwadi leNgqungquthela kunye neNgxowa-mali yamazwe ngamazwe yeNtlalontle yezilwanyana.

Inxalenye yale ntlanganiso yadibanisa abantu bomthonyama baseArctic (kunye nokunxibelelana kwabo neminenga) kwimbali yesiko lokuloba iminenga yaseYankee eNew England. Enyanisweni, iye yada yaza yazisa inzala yabaphathi beminenga abathathu ababehlala kwintsapho efanayo eMassachusetts naseAlaska. Okokuqala, amalungu eentsapho ezintathu ezisuka eNantucket, eMartha's Vineyard nase New Bedford badibana nabazala babo (beentsapho ezintathu ezifanayo) besuka kuluntu lwaseBarrow nakwithambeka elingasentla laseAlaska. Ndandilindele ukuba le ntlanganiso yokuqala yeentsapho ezihambelanayo iya kuba yinto encinci, kodwa endaweni yoko baxhamla ithuba lokujonga ukuqokelela kweefoto kwaye bajonge ukufana kwentsapho kwiimilo zeendlebe zabo okanye iimpumlo.

Xa sijonga kwixesha elidlulileyo, siphinde safunda ibali elimangalisayo leMfazwe yaBahlali yephulo le-CSS Shenandoah ngokuchasene nabarhwebi bomnenga kuLwandle lwaseBering kunye ne-Arctic njengelinge lokunqumla i-oyile yomnenga eyayithambisa imizi-mveliso yaseMantla. Umphathi wenqanawa eyayakhiwe eBritane i-Shenandoah waxelela abo wayebathabathe njengamabanjwa ukuba i-Confederacy yayikwi-algiance neminenga ngokuchasene neentshaba zabo ezifayo. Akukho mntu wabulawayo, yaye iminenga emininzi “yasindiswa” sisenzo salo mphathi sokuphazamisa lonke ixesha lokuloba. Iinqanawa zabarhwebi ezingamashumi amathathu anesibhozo, uninzi lweenqanawa zomnenga zaseNew Bedford zabanjwa, zatshoniswa okanye zibotshwe.

UMichael Moore, ugxa wethu osuka kwiWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution, uphawule ukuba ukuzingelwa kwanamhlanje kwiArctic akuboneleli ngentengiso yehlabathi jikelele. Ukuzingela okunjalo akukho kwinqanaba lexesha lokuloba iminenga yaseYankee, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akufani nemigudu yemizi-mveliso yeminenga yenkulungwane yama-20 eye yakwazi ukubulala iminenga emininzi kwiminyaka nje emibini njengoko kwakunjalo kwiminyaka eli-150 yonke yokuloba iminenga yaseYankee.

Njengenxalenye yentlanganiso yethu yeendawo ezintathu, satyelela isizwe saseWampanoag esikwiSidiliya sikaMartha. Ababesindwendwele basipha ukutya okumnandi. Apho, seva ibali likaMoshup, isigebenga sendoda ekwaziyo ukubamba iminenga ngezandla zayo ize iyivuthele emaweni ukuze ifumane ukutya kwabantu bayo. Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, wakwaxela kwangaphambili ngokuza kwabantu abamhlophe waza wanika uhlanga lwakhe ukhetho lokuhlala phakathi kwabantu, okanye lube yiminenga. Eli libali labo lemvelaphi ye-orca ezizalamane zabo.
 

Ekujongeni okwangoku, abathathi-nxaxheba beeworkshop baqaphela ukushisa kolwandle kuphakama, i-chemistry yayo iyatshintsha, iqhwa e-Arctic liyancipha kwaye imisinga iyatshintsha. Olo tshintsho luthetha ukuba ukutya kwezilwanyana ezincancisayo zaselwandle nako kuyaguquguquka—ngokwendawo nangexesha lonyaka. Sibona inkunkuma yaselwandle eyongezelelekileyo kunye neeplastiki elwandle, ingxolo ethe kratya nengapheliyo, kunye ne-bioaccumulation ebalulekileyo neyoyikisayo ye-toxins kwizilwanyana zaselwandle. Ngenxa yoko, iminenga kufuneka ihambe kulwandlekazi oluxakekileyo, olunengxolo nolunetyhefu. Ezinye izinto ezenziwa ngabantu ziyabandisa ubungozi babo. Namhlanje sibona ukuba benzakaliswa, okanye babulawa kukuqhankqalaza kweenqanawa kunye nokubanjwa kwezixhobo zokuloba. Enyanisweni, umnenga ofileyo osengozini yokuphela wafunyanwa ubambeke kwizixhobo zokuloba kwiGulf of Maine kanye njengokuba intlanganiso yethu yayiqalisa. Sivumile ukuxhasa iinzame zokuphucula iindlela zeenqanawa kunye nokubuyisela izixhobo zokuloba ezilahlekileyo kunye nokunciphisa isoyikiso sokufa okucothayo kubuhlungu.

Iminenga yeBaleen, efana neminenga elungileyo, ixhomekeke kwizilwanyana ezincinci ezaziwa ngokuba ngamabhabhathane olwandle (pteropods). Le minenga inesixhobo esikhethekileyo emilonyeni yayo ukuze ikwazi ukuhluza ukutya kwezi zilwanyana. Ezi zilwanyana zincinci zisongelwa ngokuthe ngqo lutshintsho kwimichiza elwandle eyenza kube nzima ukuba zenze amaqokobhe azo, umkhwa obizwa ngokuba yi-acidification yolwandle. Ngapha koko, uloyiko kukuba iminenga ayinako ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo nemithombo yokutya emitsha (ukuba ikho ngokwenene), kwaye iya kuba zizilwanyana ezinomxokomelwano wokuphilisana kwezilwanyana nezityalo ongakwaziyo ukubabonelela ngokutya.
 

Lonke utshintsho kwimichiza, amaqondo obushushu, kunye nolwewebhu lokutya lwenza ulwandle lube yinkqubo yokuxhasa kakhulu ezi zilwanyana zaselwandle. Ukucinga emva kwibali leWampanoag likaMoshup, ngaba abo bakhetha ukuba yi-orcas benze ukhetho olufanelekileyo?

Ngomhla wokugqibela njengoko sasihlanganisene kwimyuziyam ye-whaling yaseNew Bedford, ndabuza lo mbuzo ngexesha lephaneli yam yekamva. Kwelinye icala, xa kujongwa ikamva, ukwanda kwabantu bekuya kubonisa ukwanda kwezithuthi, izixhobo zokuloba, nokongezwa kwemigodi ephantsi kolwandle, iintambo ezingakumbi zonxibelelwano ngemfonomfono, yaye ngokuqinisekileyo neziseko zophuhliso zasemanzini ezingakumbi. Kwelinye icala, sinokubona ubungqina bokuba sifunda indlela yokunciphisa ingxolo (iteknoloji yeenqanawa ezizolileyo), indlela yokuphinda iinqanawa zithintele iindawo ezihlala iminenga, kunye nendlela yokwenza izixhobo ekungelula ukuba zirhintyelwe (kwaye njengesixhobo indlela yokugqibela yokuhlangula kunye nokukhulula ngempumelelo iminenga). Senza uphando olungcono, kwaye ngcono ukufundisa abantu ngazo zonke izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa ingozi kwiminenga. Kwaye, kwi-Paris COP kuDisemba ophelileyo siye safikelela kwisivumelwano esithembisayo sokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi ze-greenhouse, eyona nto iqhuba ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana zaselwandle. 

Kwakumnandi ukubamba oogxa bakudala kunye nabahlobo baseAlaska, apho utshintsho lwemozulu luchaphazela yonke into yobomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nokhuseleko lokutya. Kwakumangalisa ukuva amabali, ukwazisa abantu benjongo efanayo (kunye nabangaphambili), kwaye ubukele ukuqala koqhagamshelwano olutsha phakathi koluntu olubanzi lwabantu abathanda nabaphilela ulwandle. Likhona ithemba, kwaye kuninzi esinokukwenza xa sisonke.