I-Oasis yeNzululwazi

Kumda wechweba elikude e-Baja California Sur, lijikelezwe yimbonakalo-mhlaba yee-succulents ezisezantsi, iiflethi zetyuwa ezinwebileyo, kunye neenqaba ezinde. teasel I-cacti ebonakala elundini phayaa njengabalindi abafana ne-totem abagutyungelwe sisinga, kukho ilabhoratri encinci. UFrancisco "Pachico" iLebhu yaseMayoral Field. 

Ngaphakathi kule labhorethri, kunye ne-injini yayo ejikelezayo ejikeleza ngobundlobongela kwi-axis yayo ethe nkqo ukuze ibambe yonke into, iipaneli zayo zelanga zimenyezela njengamachibi e-obsidian anemigca ehlanjwe lilanga lasentlango, enye yezona nzululwazi zibalaseleyo emhlabeni kwiminenga engwevu iyenziwa. . Kwaye, yenziwa ngabanye babona bantu babalaseleyo emhlabeni ukuba iyenze.

Le yiNkqubo yeSayensi ye-Ecosystem yaseLaguna San Ignacio, iprojekthi ye-Ocean Foundation.

Kwaye, le yiLaguna San Ignacio, apho intlango idibana khona nolwandle, indawo eselwandle engaselunxwemeni, eyinxalenye ye-El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve yaseMexico.

Kangangeminyaka, lo mmandla ukwanti ubutsala umdla wabahloli bamazwe, izazinzulu, abenzi beefilimu nabalobi, kunye nabalobi beminenga noosomashishini. Ichweba, elaziwa kakhulu ngenani elimangalisayo leminenga engwevu efika qho ebusika ukuze izale kwaye izala, izele zizilwanyana zasendle ezahlukahlukeneyo, eziquka ufudo lwaselwandle, amahlengesi, iikreyifishi, kunye neendidi ezininzi zeentlanzi ezixabisa urhwebo. Ichweba likwayindawo ebalulekileyo yokusabela kwiintaka zasemanzini ezifudukayo kunye neentaka zaselunxwemeni ezifuna ukutya kunye nekhusi kwimigxobhozo etyebileyo. Amahlathi alo mmandla abomvu namhlophe e<em>mangrove azaliswe zizinto eziphilayo.

Ukusuka phezulu, ichweba likhangeleka ngathi lichweba elingqongwe ziintaba ezingqombela kunye ne-ocher, uLwandlekazi lwePasifiki olukhulu luqhekeka kumda wesanti obonisa indlela yokungena echibini. Xa ujonge phezulu, isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza esingenasiphelo siguqula ubusuku ngabunye sibe sisigqubuthelo esimenyezelayo seenkwenkwezi ezihamba phakathi kwee-eddies kunye ne-whirlpools ye-Milky Way.

“Undwendwe oluya echwebeni kufuneka luyeke ukujongana nesantya somoya, amaza, kwaye ngokwenza oko, wonke ummangaliso wendawo uyafikeleleka. Olu tshintsho lwaminyaka le kwisimo sengqondo kunye nokuqonda, ukucotha kobomi bemihla ngemihla ukulandela iiwotshi zendalo ezithe chatha, ukukhulisa uxabiso olupheleleyo lwento suku ngalunye esizisele yona, ngokulungileyo okanye okubi, yinto esathi sayibiza ngokuba ‘liXesha laseLagoon.’” – USteven Swartz (1)

USteven Swartz kunye noMary Lou Jones'imephu yoqobo ezotywe ngesandla

Ukufika kwam ebusuku kunxweme lwayo olumnyama olumnyama kulandela uhambo lwe-4 × 4 ukunqumla intlango, umoya uvuthuza ngamandla nangokuvakalayo-njengoko uhlala usenza-kwaye uzaliswe yintlabathi yasentlango kunye netyuwa, ndaye ndakwazi ukwenza ingxolo evela kuyo. ubumnyama phambi kwam. Njengoko ndandijolisa kwisandi, ezinye izivamvo zam zathi cwaka. Iintente eziphaphazelayo zezindlu zabafundi kunye nezazinzulu zanqunyanyiswa phakathi kwebhilikhwe; Iinkwenkwezi ziye zabuyela ekubeni yi-stellar froth, ibala labo elimhlophe elibuthuntu libonakala lisigqume isandi kwaye lisinika inkcazelo ye-synesthetic. Kwaye, ke, ndandiyazi imvelaphi yaloo ngxolo.

Yayisisandi sokuvuthuza komnenga ongwevu—oomama namathole—esitsho kabukhali elundini phayaa, i-whuwhu egutyungelwe bubumnyama obungumqolomba, idyojwe yimfihlelo, ityhila ubomi obutsha.

UBallenas uyaqaqamba. Eschrichtius robustus. Iminenga engwevu engaqondakaliyo yaseLaguna San Ignacio. Kamva ndandiza kuzibonela ngokwam ukuba nabo banobuhlobo.

Ngelixa le ndawo itsale umdla kakhulu ukusukela oko abaphandi, njengoGqirha uRay Gilmore, “utata wokubukela iminenga,” baqala ukuqhuba uhambo lwezenzululwazi emva ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, uGqr. Steven Swartz noMary Lou Jones baqhuba. izifundo zokuqala ezicwangcisiweyo zeminenga engwevu echwebeni ukusuka kwi-1977-1982. (2) UGqr. Swartz wayeza kusebenzisana kamva noGqr. Jorge Urban ukuseka iNkqubo yeSayensi ye-Ecosystem ye-Laguna San Ignacio (LSIESP), eyathi, ngo-2009, yaba yiprojekthi exhaswa ngemali ye-Ocean Foundation.

Inkqubo ijonge "izalathi" -ibhayoloji, i-ecological, kunye ne-sociological metrics-ukubeka iliso kunye nokubonelela ngeengcebiso zokuqinisekisa impilo eqhubekayo yeLaguna San Ignacio Wetlands Complex. Idatha eqokelelwe yi-LSIESP, ejongwe kumxholo wokutshintsha okukhulu kokusingqongileyo okubangelwa kukufudumala kwehlabathi, iluncedo kakhulu kwisicwangciso sexesha elide ukuqinisekisa ukuba le nkqubo yendalo ikhethekileyo inokugcina uxinzelelo lwangaphandle oluvela kukhenketho lwendalo, ukuloba, kunye nabantu ababiza oku. indawo ekhaya. Iiseti zedatha ezingaphazamisekiyo ziye zanceda ukubumba ukuqonda kwethu ichweba, uxinzelelo lwalo, imijikelo yalo, kunye nobume bexesha kunye nabemi abasisigxina. Ngokudibana nedatha esisiseko yembali, iinzame eziqhubekayo ze-LSIESP zenze le ndawo ibe yenye yezona ndawo zifundisiweyo zokujonga isimilo somnenga ongwevu kwihlabathi.

Esinye isixhobo esiluncedo esiye savela kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlulileyo kukufota ngedijithali. Kwakuba ngumsebenzi owawufuna uthotho lwefilimu, imichiza eyityhefu, amagumbi amnyama, kunye neliso elibukhali lokuthelekisa, ngoku abaphandi banokuthatha amakhulu okanye amawaka eefoto ngexesha elinye ukuze bafote umfanekiso ogqibeleleyo ngeenjongo zokuthelekisa. Iikhompyuter zinceda uhlalutyo lweefoto ngokuvumela uphononongo olukhawulezileyo, uvavanyo kunye nokugcinwa okusisigxina. Ngenxa yeekhamera zedijithali, ukuchongwa kwefoto kuye kwaba yeyona nto iphambili kwibhayoloji yezilwanyana zasendle kwaye ivumela iLSIESP ukuba ithathe inxaxheba ekubekeni iliso kwimpilo, imeko yomzimba, kunye nokukhula kwexesha lokuphila kweminenga engwevu echwebeni.

I-LSIESP kunye nabaphandi bayo baye bapapasha iingxelo zophando lwabo ukususela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1980 kunye ne-photo-identification edlala indima ebalulekileyo. Kwingxelo yamva nje yentsimi yexesha le-2015-2016, abaphandi bathi: "Iifoto zeminenga 'ephinde yabanjwa' iqinisekise iminyaka yobudala beminenga ukusuka kwi-26 ukuya kwi-46 iminyaka, kwaye ezi mazi ziyaqhubeka nokuzala kunye nokutyelela iLaguna San Ignacio amathole abo amatsha qho ebusika. Ezi zezona datha zindala zokuchongwa kwemifanekiso yayo nayiphi na iminenga engwevu ephilayo, kwaye ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuthembeka kokuzala iminenga yabasetyhini eLaguna San Ignacio.” (3)

Ixesha elide, iiseti zedatha ezingaphazamisekiyo zenze ukuba abaphandi beLSIESP banxibelelanise ukuziphatha komnenga ongwevu kunye neemeko ezinkulu zokusingqongileyo kubandakanya imijikelo ye-El Niño y La Niña, iPacific Decadal Oscillation, kunye namaqondo obushushu olwandle. Ubukho bezi ziganeko bunempembelelo ebonakalayo kwixesha lokufika kunye nokuhamba komnenga ongwevu rhoqo ebusika, kunye nenani leminenga kunye nempilo yabo yonke.

Uphando olutsha lwemfuzo luvumela abaphandi ukuba bathelekise iminenga engwevu yaseLaguna San Ignacio nabantu abasengozini yokuphela kweminenga engwevu yaseNtshona, ehlala kwelinye icala lePacific basin. Ngobudlelwane namanye amaziko kwihlabathi jikelele, iLSIESP iye yaba yeyona ndawo iphambili kuthungelwano olubanzi lokubeka iliso oluzinikele ekuqondeni ngcono i-ikholoji kunye noluhlu lweminenga engwevu kwihlabathi jikelele. Kutshanje ukubonwa kweminenga engwevu kunxweme lwakwaSirayeli naseNamibia kucebisa ukuba uluhlu lwayo lusenokwanda njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu luvula iipaseji ezingenamkhenkce kwiArctic ukuze kuvumeleke ukushukuma kweminenga ukubuyela kwiAtlantiki—ulwandle olungazange luhlale kulo ukususela ngoko. Ukutshabalala ngexesha lokuphakama kwe-whaling yorhwebo.

I-LSIESP ikwandise uphando lwayo lweentaka ukuze iphonononge indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ziintaka kwi-ecosystem entsonkothileyo yechibi, kunye nobuninzi bazo kunye nokuziphatha kwazo. Emva kokulahlekelwa yilahleko enkulu yeentaka ezihlala emhlabeni e-Isla Garza nase-Isla Pelicano kwii-coyotes ezilambileyo, ezibonakalise ukuba zinobuchule bokujonga amaza olwandle okanye indadi ekwaziyo ukuqubha, izithuba ezenziweyo zifakwe echwebeni ukunceda abantu bakhe kwakhona. .

Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zifuneka ngamandla ukuxhasa uphando lwenkqubo yeentaka ezisakhulayo ukuze kuphuhliswe iiseti zedatha yexesha elide, ezicwangcisiweyo ezisebenze indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni ukuqonda kwethu iminenga engwevu yasechwebeni. Ezi nzame zibaluleke kakhulu xa kujongwa indima ethembekileyo edlalwa lulwazi ekwenzeni imigaqo-nkqubo, efuna intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe ukukhusela iintlobo zentaka ezifuduka kakhulu echwebeni.

Mhlawumbi omnye weyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo yenkqubo yezemfundo. I-LSIESP ibonelela ngamathuba okufunda ngokubandakanya abafundi-isikolo samabanga aphantsi ukuya ekholejini-kwaye ibaveze kwiindlela zophando lwezenzululwazi, ezona ndlela zingcono zolondolozo, kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, ubungangamsha, inkqubo yendalo eyodwa engabambi ubomi kuphela-ivuselela ubomi.

Emuva ngo-Matshi, inkqubo yabamba iklasi evela kwi-Autonomous University yase-Baja California Sur, iqabane eliphambili le-LSIESP. Ngexesha lohambo lwasendle, abafundi bathathe inxaxheba kuqheliselo lwasendle, olubonisa umsebenzi owenziwe ngabaphandi benkqubo, kubandakanywa ukuchongwa kwefoto yeminenga engwevu kunye nophando lweentaka ukuqikelela ubuninzi beentaka kunye nokwahluka kwazo. Sithetha neqela ekupheleni kohambo lwabo, siye saxoxa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zamathuba akhoyo okuxhasa lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo, kunye nokubaluleka kokuzibonela ngawakho ichweba. Ngelixa ingengabo bonke abafundi abaya kuba ziingcali zebhayoloji ezisebenza endle, kucacile ukuba olu hlobo lothethathethwano alukhuthazi nje ukuqonda-ludala isizukulwana esitsha samagosa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluqhubekayo lwechweba kwixesha elizayo. .

Ngelixa abafundi bebesechibini, iLSIESP iphinde yabeka i-10th yonyaka “yokuhlangana koLuntu” kunye nesimpoziyam yezesayensi. Uninzi lwezihloko eziphononongiweyo kwingxelo yecandelo lalo nyaka ziye zaqwalaselwa ngokweenkcazo-ntetho ezivela kubaphandi, kubandakanywa ukuhlaziywa kobalo lwabantu abangwevu, iziphumo zophando lokuqala lweentaka, izifundo malunga nobudala bomnenga obhinqileyo ukusuka kwimbali yokuchongwa kwefoto, ukuvakala kwelizwi lomnenga ongwevu, kunye nezifundo ze-acoustic Imijikelo yedizili yezandi zebhayoloji nezomntu echwebeni.

Itsalela iindwendwe ezimalunga ne-125, kuquka abakhenkethi, abafundi, abaphandi, kunye nabahlali basekuhlaleni, iReunion yoLuntu ibonisa ukuzibophelela kwe-LSIESP ekusasazeni ulwazi oluthembekileyo lwezenzululwazi nokudala indawo yeengxoxo kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi abasebenzisa ichweba. Ngokusebenzisa iiforam ezifana nezi, inkqubo ifundisa kwaye ixhobisa uluntu lwengingqi ukuba luthathe izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokhetho lophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.

Olu hlobo lothethathethwano noluntu lubonakalise ukuba lubalulekile emva kwesigqibo sikarhulumente waseMexico sokurhoxisa isicwangciso esinempikiswano ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 sokwakha indawo yokuvelisa ityuwa yelanga echibini, ebiya kuyitshintsha kabukhali inkqubo yendalo. Ngokuzibandakanya nabahlali basekuhlaleni, iLSIESP ibonelele ngedatha ukuxhasa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo loshishino olukhulayo lwe-eco-tourism oluxhomekeke kulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezikhethekileyo zechweba. Iinzame eziqhubayo zolondolozo zidala imbuyekezo yezoqoqosho kutyalo-mali kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukubaluleka kokugcina isibongozo esicacileyo se-ecosystem ye-lagoon ukuqhubeka ukutsala abakhenkethi abaxhasa ubomi babahlali basekuhlaleni.

Lithini ikamva lale ndawo ikhethekileyo? Ukongeza kokungaqiniseki okuyanyaniswa neempembelelo kubume bendalo obubangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu yehlabathi, uphuhliso loqoqosho luyaqhubela phambili echwebeni. Ngelixa indlela eya echibini ngokuqinisekileyo ingeyondlela iphithizelayo, kukho iinkxalabo zokuba ukufikelela okwandisiweyo okubangelwe kukuhamba phambili kwendlela kwindlela yabahambi ngeenyawo kuya konyusa uxinzelelo kulo mhlaba uthambileyo. Izicwangciso zokuzisa inkonzo yombane kunye namanzi avela kwidolophu yaseSan Ignacio ziya kuphucula kakhulu umgangatho wobomi kubahlali bendawo, kodwa akucaci ukuba lo mhlaba womileyo unokuxhasa indawo yokuhlala eyongezelelweyo ngelixa ugcina umgangatho wawo owodwa kunye nobuninzi bezilwanyana zasendle.

Nantoni na enokuthi yenzeke kwiminyaka ezayo, kuyacaca ukuba ukukhuselwa okuqhubekayo kweLaguna San Ignacio kuya kuxhomekeka kakhulu, njengoko kudlulileyo, kwiindwendwe ezininzi zendawo, la ballena gris.

“Ekugqibeleni iminenga engwevu ingoonozakuzaku bayo benkoliseko. Bambalwa abantu abadibana nezi leviathan zamandulo abahamba bengatshintshanga. Azikho ezinye izilwanyana eMexico ezikwaziyo ukufumana uhlobo lwenkxaso olunayo iminenga engwevu. Ngenxa yoko, ezi cetaceans ziya kubumba ikamva labo. ” -USerge Dedina (4)

Ukubuyela eWashington, DC, ndizifumana ndihlala ndikhunjuzwa ngexesha lam echwebeni. Mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba ndihlala ndifumanisa, ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, igrit yasentlango kwizinto ezahlukeneyo endize nazo apho-kwibhegi yam yokulala, kwikhamera yam, nakwikhibhodi endichwetheza kuyo ngalo mzuzu. Okanye mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba xa ndisiva amaza egquba elunxwemeni, okanye isithonga sempepho yolwandle, andikwazi kuzibamba ndicinga ukuba kukho esinye isandi esinkenteza kanye ngaphantsi komhlaba. Kwaye, xa ndigxininise kweso sandi-njengoko ndenzayo ngobusuku endafika echwebeni kwisandi esincinci sokuvuthela komnenga elundini - siqala ukufana nengoma. Ikhonsathi ye-cetacean. Kodwa le ngoma iye yawela ngaphezu kweelwandle ezinkulu. Inqumle isibhakabhaka somoya womntu, idibanisa abantu abavela kwihlabathi liphela, kwiwebhu yayo yeesymphonic. Yingoma engazange ishiye undwendwe oluya echwebeni. Yingoma esibizela umva kulaa ndawo yakudala apho iminenga kunye nabantu babekho ngokulinganayo, njengamahlakani, nanjengosapho.

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(1) Swartz, uSteven (2014). Ixesha laseLagoon. Isiseko soLwandle. San Diego, CA. Uhlelo loku-1. Iphepha lesi-5.

(2) Inkqubo yeSayensi ye-Ecosystem yaseLaguna San Ignacio (2016). “Malunga.” http://www.sanignaciograywhales.org/about/. 

(3) Inkqubo yeSayensi ye-Ecosystem yaseLaguna San Ignacio (2016). Ingxelo yoPhando lwe-2016 ye-Laguna San Ignacio kunye ne-Bahia Magdalena. 2016 http://www.sanignaciograywhales.org/2016/06/2016-research-reports-new-findings/

(4) UDedina, uSerge (2000). Ukugcina iGrey Whale: Abantu, iPolitiko, kunye noLondolozo eBaja California. KwiYunivesithi yaseArizona Press. eTucson, eArizona. Uhlelo loku-1.