Ingxaki: Izazinzulu zithi singaphaya koMda weCarbon

Isisombululo: Asiyi kuFumana kuMthetho osaYilwayo weziSeko zoPhuhliso

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu sesona soyikiso sikhulu nesikhula ngokukhawuleza kulwandle lwethu nakwinkqubo yendalo engaselunxwemeni. Sele sifumana iziphumo zako: ekunyukeni komphakamo wolwandle, kubushushu obukhawulezayo kunye notshintsho lwekhemistri, kunye neepatheni zemozulu ezimandundu kwihlabathi jikelele.

Ngaphandle kwemizamo engcono yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, i Ingxelo ye-AR6 ye-IPCC ilumkisa ukuba kufuneka sehlise imveliso yeCO2 yehlabathi malunga ne-45% ukusuka kumanqanaba ka-2010 phambi kuka-2030 - kwaye sifikelele "ku-zero" ngo-2050 ukunqanda ukufudumala kwehlabathi Iidigri ezingama-1.5 zecelsius. Lo ngumsebenzi onzima xa ngoku, imisebenzi yabantu ikhupha malunga nama-40 eebhiliyoni zeetoni zeCO2 emoyeni ngonyaka omnye.

Iinzame zokunciphisa zizodwa azanele. Asinakukwazi ukunqanda ngokupheleleyo iziphumo kwimpilo yolwandle lwethu ngaphandle kweendlela ezinobungozi, ezifikelelekayo, kunye nezikhuselekileyo zokuSuswa kweCarbon Dioxide (CDR). Kufuneka siqwalasele iingenelo, iingozi, kunye neendleko CDR esekwe elwandle. Kwaye ngexesha lonxunguphalo lwemozulu, ibhili entsha yeziseko ezingundoqo lithuba eliphosiweyo lempumelelo yokwenyani yokusingqongileyo.

Buyela kwiSiseko: Yintoni ukususwa kweCarbon Dioxide? 

The IPCC 6th uvavanyo yaqaphela imfuneko yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse (GHG). Kodwa yabona nokubakho kweCDR. I-CDR inikezela ngoluhlu lweendlela zokuthatha i-CO2 kwi-atmosfera kwaye iyigcine "kwindawo yolwazi lwejoloji, esemhlabeni okanye elwandle, okanye kwiimveliso".

Ngamafutshane, iCDR ijongana nowona mthombo uphambili wokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokususa ikharbon diokside ngqo emoyeni okanye kumlambo wamanzi olwandle. Ulwandle lunokuba ngumhlobo weCDR enkulu. Kwaye i-CDR esekwe elwandle inokubamba kwaye igcine iibhiliyoni zeetoni zekhabhoni. 

Kukho amagama amaninzi anxulumene ne-CDR kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka izisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo - ezinjengokutyalwa kwakhona kwamahlathi, utshintsho lokusetyenziswa komhlaba, kunye nezinye iindlela ezisekelwe kwi-ikhosistim. Zikwabandakanya iinkqubo ezininzi zoshishino - ezifana nokubamba umoya ngokuthe ngqo kunye ne-bioenergy ngokubanjwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokugcinwa (BECCS).  

Ezi ndlela ziyaguquka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ziyahluka kwitekhnoloji, isigxina, ukwamkelwa, kunye nomngcipheko.

IMIGAQO ENGUNDOQO

Apho owona Mthetho usaYilwayo weZiseko zoMtsha oNtsha Uphoswa nguPhawu

Ngomhla we-10 ka-Agasti, i-Senate yase-US iphumelele iphepha le-2,702, i-$ 1.2 yezigidigidi UMthetho woTyalo-mali kwiziSeko ezinguNdoqo kunye neMisebenzi. Lo mthetho usayilwayo ugunyazise ngaphezulu kweebhiliyoni zeedola ezili-12 zeetekhnoloji zokubanjwa kwekhabhoni. Oku kubandakanya ukuthathwa komoya ngqo, iindawo eziziindawo ezithe ngqo, iiprojekthi zemiboniso ezinamalahle, kunye nenkxaso yothungelwano lwemibhobho. 

Nangona kunjalo, akukho kukhankanywa kwe-CDR esekwe elwandle okanye nezisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo. I-bill ibonakala inikezela ngeengcamango ezisekelwe kwi-teknoloji yobuxoki yokunciphisa i-carbon emoyeni. I-2.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola yabelwe ukugcina i-CO2, kodwa kungekho ndawo okanye isicwangciso sokuyigcina. Okubi nangakumbi, itekhnoloji yeCDR ecetywayo ivula indawo yemibhobho eneCO2 egxininisiweyo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuvuzeni okuyingozi okanye ukusilela. 

Ngaphezu kwe-500 yemibutho yezendalo ichasene nomthetho oyilwayo weziseko zophuhliso, kwaye yatyikitya ileta ecela iinjongo zemozulu ezomeleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, amaqela amaninzi kunye nezazinzulu zibuyisela itekhnoloji yokususa ikhabhoni yebhili ngaphandle kwenkxaso yayo esisiseko kumashishini e-oyile kunye negesi. Abaxhasi bacinga ukuba kuya kudala iziseko ezinokuba luncedo kwixesha elizayo kwaye kufanelekile utyalo-mali ngoku. Kodwa sisabela njani kungxamiseko yokutshintsha kwemozulu- kwaye sikhusele indalo eyahlukeneyo ngokuzisa amanyathelo okubuyisela kwisikali - ngelixa siqonda ukuba ungxamiseko hayi Ingxoxo yokungalumki ekuqondeni imiba?

Isiseko soLwandle kunye neCDR

Kwi-Ocean Foundation, sikhona unomdla kakhulu kwiCDR njengoko inxulumene nokubuyisela impilo yolwandle kunye nobuninzi. Kwaye sizama ukusebenza ngelensi yoko kulungileyo kulwandle kunye nebhayoloji yaselwandle. 

Kufuneka silinganise umonakalo wokutshintsha kwemozulu elwandle ngokuchasene neziphumo ezongezelelekileyo ze-ikholoji, ukulingana, okanye ubulungisa obuvela kwi-CDR. Ngapha koko, ulwandle sele lubandezelekile ezininzi, iingozi ezifikelela kuvuthondaba, kubandakanywa ukulayishwa kweplastiki, ungcoliseko lwengxolo, kunye nokutsalwa ngaphezulu kobutyebi bendalo. 

Amandla e-fossil angahlawulelwa zizinto eziyimfuneko kwi-CDR tech. Ngoko ke, ukuba inkxaso-mali yebhili yeziseko ezingundoqo ibisiwe kwinkqubela ye-eneji ehlaziyiweyo engakhutshwayo, besiya kuba nethuba elingcono ngokuchasene nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Kwaye, ukuba enye yenkxaso-mali yebhili ibisiwe kwizisombululo ezisekwe kwindalo esekwe elwandle, besiya kuba nezisombululo zeCDR esele sizazi ukuba zigcina ikhabhoni ngokwemvelo nangokukhuselekileyo.

Kwimbali yethu, asiyihoyanga ngamabom imiphumo yokwanda komsebenzi wefektri ekuqaleni. Oku kubangele ungcoliseko lomoya namanzi. Ukanti, kule minyaka ingama-50 idlulileyo, sichithe iibhiliyoni ukucoca olu ngcoliseko kwaye ngoku silungiselela ukuchitha iibhiliyoni ezingaphezulu ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweGHG. Asinakukwazi ukuhoya amandla okuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwakhona njengoluntu lwehlabathi, ngakumbi xa ngoku siyazi iindleko. Ngeendlela zeCDR, sinethuba lokucinga nzulu, ngobuchule, nangobulungisa. Lixesha lokuba siwasebenzise ngokudibeneyo la mandla.

Oko Sikwenzayo

Kwihlabathi liphela, siye sahlola izisombululo ezisekwe kwindalo zeCDR egcina kwaye isuse ikhabhoni ngelixa ikhusela ulwandle.

Ukususela ngo-2007, wethu Inyathelo leBlue Resilience igxile ekubuyiseleni nasekulondolozeni imango, amadlelo engca yolwandle, namadlelo anamanzi anetyuwa. Oku kunika amathuba okubuyisela ubuninzi, ukwakha ukomelela koluntu, kunye nokugcina ikhabhoni kwinqanaba. 

Ngo-2019 nango-2020, siye sazama ukuvunwa kwe-sargassum, ukubamba iintyatyambo ezinobungozi ze-sargassum kwaye siyiguqule ibe sisichumisi esihambisa ikhabhoni ethathwe emoyeni ukuze ibuyisele ikhabhoni yomhlaba. Kulo nyaka, sazisa lo mzekelo wokuhlaziya ezolimo eSt. Kitts.

Sililungu eliseka i Iqonga loLwandle kunye neMozulu, ukukhuthaza iinkokeli zelizwe ukuba zinike ingqwalasela kwindlela ulwandle onakaliswa ngayo kukuphazamiseka kwethu kwemozulu. Sisebenza neQela leengxoxo le-Aspen Institute's Ocean CDR malunga “neNdlela yokuziPhatha” yeCDR esekwe elwandle. Kwaye siliqabane le Imibono yoLwandle, kutshanje bacebise uphuculo “kwiNdawo yabo enguNdoqo yoManyano lweMozulu yoLwandle.” 

Ngoku ngumzuzu omnye ngexesha apho imfuno yokwenza into malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu inyanzelekile kwaye iyimfuneko. Masityale imali ngononophelo kuyo yonke ipotifoliyo yeendlela zeCDR eziselwandle - kuphando, uphuhliso, kunye nokusasazwa - ukuze sikwazi ukumelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kwinqanaba elifunekayo kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.

Umqulu wangoku weziseko zophuhliso ubonelela ngenkxaso-mali engundoqo kwiindlela, iibhulorho, kunye nolungiso olufunekayo lweziseko ezingundoqo zamanzi zelizwe lethu. Kodwa, igxile kakhulu kwizisombululo zembumbulu zesilivere xa kufikwa kokusingqongileyo. Ukuphila kwasekuhlaleni, ukhuseleko lokutya, kunye nokumelana nemozulu kuxhomekeke kwizicombululo zemozulu zendalo. Kufuneka sibeke phambili utyalo-mali kwezi zisombululo ezingqiniweyo ukuba ziyasebenza, endaweni yokuphambukisa imithombo yemali kubuchwephesha obungangqinwanga.