Emva Kwesaqhwithi: Yintoni Okulandelayo?

NguMark J. Spalding, uMongameli

I-Ocean Foundation Inguqulelo yale bhlog yavela kuqala kwi-National Geographic's Iimboniselo zoLwandle 

Ngenye impelaveki yakutshanje, ndiqhubele phambili ndisuka eWashington ndinoloyiko oluthile. Ibilusuku oluhle lwango-Oktobha ukugqibela kwam ukuya eLong Beach, eNew York, ukunqumla iStaten Island ndisiya ngakwiRockaways. Emva koko, ndandichulumancile kukubona oogxa bethu kuluntu lwaseSurfrider International ababehlanganisene kwintlanganiso yabo yonyaka. Ihotele yethu kunye nondwendwe lwethu olunobubele, i-Allegria, yavula kanye kwi-boardwalk kwaye sabukela amakhulu abantu bebaleka, behamba, kwaye behamba ngeebhayisekile zabo, besonwabela ulwandle.

Njengoko intlanganiso yamazwe ngamazwe iphelile, abameli besahluko se-East Coast be-Surfrider bebehlanganisene kwintlanganiso yabo yonyaka ngempelaveki. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, unxweme lwaseNew York kunye neNew Jersey zazimelwe kakuhle. Sonke silonwabele ixesha elidlulayo lokuqhelana kwaye sabelane ngemiba efanayo. Kwaye, njengoko benditshilo, imozulu yayintle kwaye i-surf yayiphezulu.

Xa iSuperstorm Sandy yangena yaza yahamba kwiiveki nje ezimbini kamva, washiya ngasemva unxweme olonakele kakhulu waza washukumisa abantu. Sabukela ngoloyiko njengoko iingxelo zazingena—indlu yale nkokeli yesahluko saseSurfrider yatshatyalaliswa (phakathi kwabaninzi), indawo yokwamkela iindwendwe yase-Allegria izaliswe ngamanzi nesanti, kunye nebhodi ethandwayo yaseLong Beach, njengabanye abaninzi, yayingamabhodlo.

Kuyo yonke indlela esemantla kuhambo lwam lwamva nje, kwakukho ubungqina bamandla eziqhwithi, iSandy kunye nabo balandela lo busika-imithi ephantsi, imiqolo yeengxowa zeplastiki ezibanjwe kwimithi ephezulu ngaphezu kwendlela, kunye neempawu ezingenakuphepheka ezisecaleni kwendlela ezinikezela ngoncedo ukupheliswa kokungunda, ukuphinda kufakwe iintambo, i-inshurensi, kunye nezinye iimfuno zasemva kwesiphango. Ndandisendleleni eya kwindibano yocweyo eququzelelwe yi-Ocean Foundation kunye ne-Surfrider Foundation eyayifuna ukuhlanganisa i-federal kunye nezinye iingcali, iinkokeli zesahluko sendawo, kunye nabasebenzi besizwe be-Surfrider ukuze baxoxe ngendlela izahluko ze-Surfrider ezinokusebenza ngayo ukuxhasa iinzame zokubuyisela emva kwesiphango. ngoku nakwixesha elizayo ngeendlela ezihlonele ulwandle kunye noluntu oluxhomekeke kwimithombo esempilweni yonxweme ngentlalo-ntle yabo, uqoqosho, kunye nokusingqongileyo. Phantse ishumi elinesibini labantu bebevolontiye impelaveki yabo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kolu cweyo kwaye babuyele emva ukuya kwazisa amalungu angoogxa babo.

Siphinde sahlanganisana eAllegria, seva amabali amanyumnyezi kunye namabali okubuyisela.

Kwaye safunda kunye.

▪ Ukusefa yinxalenye yobomi kunxweme olukumbindi weAtlantiki njengakweminye imimandla edumileyo njengakumazantsi eKhalifoniya okanye eHawaii—yinxalenye yezoqoqosho nenkcubeko.
▪ Ukusefa kunembali ende kulo mmandla—Indadi eyaziwayo yeOlimpiki novulindlela wokusefa uDuke Kahanamoku wantywila ngaphandle nje kwale hotele ngowe-1918 kumboniso wamaza olwandle owawuququzelelwa nguMnqamlezo oBomvu njengenxalenye yomsitho wokwamkela ekhaya imikhosi evela kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi Yokuqala.
▪ Ukunyuka kukaSandy kwakhetha abo baphumeleleyo nabaphulukeneyo—kwezinye iindawo kukho imiqobo yendalo yeendunduma yaye kwezinye ayizange iphumelele.
▪ ESandy, abanye abantu baphulukana namakhaya abo, abaninzi baphulukana nemigangatho yabo yokuqala, yaye amakhaya amaninzi angekakhuseleki ukuba angahlala kuwo, phantse kwisiqingatha sonyaka kamva.
▪ Apha eLong Beach, kukho uluvo olunamandla lokuba “ayisokuze ifane: Intlabathi, unxweme, yonke into yahlukile yaye ayinakwenziwa ngokutsha njengokuba yayinjalo.
▪ Abameli besahluko sonxweme lwaseJersey bathi “Saba ziingcali zokukrazula udonga olomileyo, ukutsala umgangatho, nokulungisa ukungunda.” Kodwa ngoku ukungunda kudlulele ngaphaya komgangatho wobugcisa.
▪ Emva kweSandy, ezinye iilokishi zayithabatha intlabathi ezitratweni zaza zayibuyisela elunxwemeni. Abanye bathatha ixesha lokuvavanya isanti, i-debris yokucoca entlabathi, kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ukuhlamba isanti kuqala kuba uninzi lwayo lungcoliswe lindle, i-petroli kunye nezinye iikhemikhali.
▪ Lo msebenzi wokuhluza eLong Beach uqhutywa mihla le kukho iilori ezinkulu zijonge kwelinye icala zinesanti emdaka zize kwelinye icala zisingise kwintlabathi ecocekileyo—isandi esivakalayo kwiintlanganiso zethu.

Ndothuswa kukufunda ukuba akukho rhulumente okanye arhente yabucala evelise ingxelo enye ebanzi malunga neempembelelo zeSandy, zombini ixesha langoku kunye nexesha elide. Nangaphakathi kumazwe, ubunzulu bolwazi malunga nezicwangciso zokubuyiselwa kunye noko kufuneka kulungiswe kubonakala kusekelwe ngakumbi kwiindlebe kunesicwangciso esibanzi, esihlangeneyo esijongene neemfuno zoluntu. Iqela lethu elincinane lamavolontiya asuka kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi, kuquka nelungu leBhodi yabaCebisi be-TOF uHooper Brooks, ebengayi kubhala esi sicwangciso ngempelaveki, nokuba uzimisele kangakanani na.

Ngoko, kutheni sasilapho eLong Beach? Ngokukhawuleza kwesaqhwithi kunye nokusabela emva kwabo, iSahluko se-Surfrider sifuna ukuvuselela amavolontiya abo akhutheleyo ekucoceni iilwandle, iphulo lokunyuka kwePlastiki, kwaye kunjalo, ukubonelela ngegalelo loluntu kumanyathelo alandelayo okubuyisela emva kweSandy. Kwaye, kwafuneka sicinge malunga nokuba yintoni esinokuyifunda kumava ethu noSandy?

Injongo yocweyo lwethu ibikukudibanisa ubuchule beengcali zeendwendwe zethu, i-Ocean Foundation, kunye nabasebenzi baseSurfrider abavela eCalifornia naseFlorida nobuchule kunye namava abasebenzi basekuhlaleni kunye namavolontiya ukuphuhlisa uluhlu lwemigaqo eya kunceda ukubumba iiprojekthi zexesha elizayo unxweme lwe-NY/NJ. Le mithetho-siseko nayo iya kuba nexabiso elikhulu ngokubumba indlela yokusabela kwixesha elizayo kwiintlekele ezingenakuphepheka eziselunxwemeni.

Ngoko ke sisonge imikhono yethu saza sasebenza kunye njengeqela ukuyila le seti yemigaqo, esaphuhliswayo. Isiseko sale migaqo sasigxininise kwimfuneko yokubuyisela, ukwakha ngokutsha, nokuphinda ucinge.

Zazilungiselelwe ukujongana nezinto eziphambili ekwabelwana ngazo: IiMfuno zeNdalo (ukhuseleko nokubuyiselwa kobutyebi bendalo engaselunxwemeni); IiMfuno zeNkcubeko (ukulungisa umonakalo kwiziza zembali kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwezinto eziluncedo zokuzonwabisa ezifana neendawo zokuhamba, iipaki, iindledlana kunye namanxweme); kunye noLungiso lwezoQoqosho (ukuvuma ilahleko yengeniso evela kwindalo enempilo kunye nezinye izinto zokuzonwabisa, umonakalo kwiindawo ezisebenzayo zasemanzini, kunye nesidingo sokwakhiwa ngokutsha kweendawo zokuhlala kunye neendawo zokuhlala ukuxhasa uqoqosho lwengingqi).

Xa igqityiwe, imigaqo iya kujonga amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okujongana nesaqhwithi esikhulu kunye nendlela ukucinga ngayo ngoku kunokukhokelela kwizenzo zexesha langoku ukomelela kwexesha elizayo:

Isigaba 1. Sinda kwisiphango-ukubeka iliso, ukulungiselela, kunye nokufuduka (iintsuku)

Isigaba 2.  Impendulo kaxakeka (iintsuku/iiveki)– ithuku lethuku kukusebenza ngokukhawuleza ukubuyisela izinto ngendlela ebeziyiyo, naxa kunokuchasana namanyathelo 3 kunye nelesi-4 kwixesha elide—kubalulekile ukufumana iinkqubo zokuxhasa abantu nokunciphisa umonakalo (umz. ilindle okanye igesi ukuqhawuka kwemibhobho)

Isigaba 3.  Ukubuyisela (iiveki/iinyanga) - apha iinkonzo ezisisiseko zibuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo apho kunokwenzeka, isanti kunye nobutyobo bususiwe kwiindawo kwaye ukucoca kuyaqhubeka, izicwangciso zokulungiswa kweziseko ezingundoqo ziyaqhubeka, kwaye amashishini kunye namakhaya ahlala kwakhona.

Isigaba 4.  Ukomelela (iinyanga/iminyaka): Kulapho ucweyo lujolise ekubandakanyeni iinkokeli zoluntu kunye nabanye abenzi bezigqibo ekubeni neenkqubo zokujongana nezaqhwithi ezinkulu ezingalungiseleli kuphela amaNqanaba 1-3, kodwa ziphinde zicinge ngempilo yoluntu kwixesha elizayo kunye nokunciphisa ubuthathaka.

▪ Yakha kwakhona ukomelela - umthetho wangoku wenza kube nzima ukuqwalasela izaqhwithi ezinkulu ezizayo xa kusakhiwa ngokutsha, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba uluntu luzame ukuthathela ingqalelo izenzo ezinjengokuphakamisa izakhiwo, ukubuyisela izithinteli zendalo, kunye nokwakha iibhodi zokuhamba ngeendlela ezibuthathaka kakhulu.
▪ Ukufuduka ngenxa yokomelela – kufuneka samkele ukuba kwezinye iindawo akunakubakho ndlela yokwakha ngokutsha ngamandla nokhuseleko engqondweni—kwezo ndawo, umqolo ongaphambili wophuhliso lwabantu unokufuneka ube zizithinteli zendalo esizidalayo ngokutsha, ukuze kulondolozwe uluntu emva kwabo.

Akukho mntu ucinga ukuba kuya kuba lula, kwaye, emva kosuku olupheleleyo, olude lomsebenzi, isakhelo esisisiseko sasikhona. Amanyathelo alandelayo achongiwe kwaye anikwa imihla emiselweyo. Amavolontiya asasazwa kuhambo olude oluya ekhaya eDelaware, eNew Jersey, nakwezinye iindawo ezingaselunxwemeni. Kwaye ndakhe ndakhenketha kumonakalo okufutshane kunye nemizamo yokubuyisela eSandy. NjengakwiKatrina kunye nezinye izaqhwithi zika-2005 kwiGulf naseFlorida, njengetsunami zowama-2004 no-2011, ubungqina bamandla olwandle agalela emhlabeni bubonakala bukhulu (bona Ugcino lweDatabase yeStorm Surge).

Xa ndandiselula, ichibi ekudala lifile kufutshane nedolophu yasekhaya yaseCorcoran, eKhalifoniya, laqalisa ukuzala liza lasongela ukukhukulisa idolophu. Umrhumo omkhulu wakhiwa ngomhlaba kusetyenziswa iimoto ezonakeleyo nezisetyenzisiweyo ukudala ngokukhawuleza ubume berhafu. Irhafu yabanjwa. Apha eLong Beach, abazange bayenze loo nto. Kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayizange isebenze.

Xa iindunduma ezinde ekupheleni kwedolophu kufutshane nembali yeLido Towers zoyiswa kukunyuka kukaSandy, kangangeemitha ezintathu zesanti zasala ngasemva ukunqumla loo ndawo yasekuhlaleni, umgama omde ukusuka elunxwemeni. Apho iingqumba zentlabathi zingazange ziwe, izindlu ezisemva kwazo azizange zibe nomonakalo omncinane ngokwentelekiso, ukuba wawukho kwaphela. Ngoko iinkqubo zendalo zenze konke okusemandleni azo yaye uluntu kufuneka lwenjenjalo.

Njengoko ndandihamba ngenqwelo-mafutha ndisuka ezintlanganisweni, ndakhunjuzwa ukuba kuninzi okufuneka kwenziwe, kungekuphela nje kweli qela lincinane, kodwa kumawaka eekhilomitha kunxweme olujikeleze ulwandlekazi lwehlabathi. Ezi ziqhwithi ezinkulu zishiya uphawu kuzo zonke izizwe kunye nezizwe-nokuba yiKatrina kwiGulf, okanye i-Irene eyakhukulisa kakhulu kumbindi welizwe kumntla-mpuma we-US ngo-2011, okanye uIsake ka-2012 owazisa ioli evela kwi-BP ukuchitheka emva kumanxweme e-Gulf, imigxobhozo. kunye neendawo zokuloba, okanye, iSuperstorm Sandy, eyasusa amawaka abantu eJamaica ukuya eNew England. Ehlabathini lonke, uninzi lwabantu luhlala kwiikhilomitha ezingama-50 ukusuka elunxwemeni. Ukulungiselela le misitho mikhulu kufuneka idityaniswe kucwangciso lwasekhaya, lwengingqi, lwesizwe, kunye nelwamazwe ngamazwe. Sonke sinako yaye sifanele sibe nenxaxheba.