Ukukhazimla ebumnyameni

NguMark J. Spalding, uMongameli, i-Ocean Foundation
Le bhlog yavela kuqala kwiNdawo yokuJonga iLwandle ye-National Geographic

"I-Radioactive Plume elwandle" luhlobo lwesihloko esiqinisekisa ukuba abantu baya kuqwalasela ibali leendaba ezilandelayo. Ngenxa yokuba ulwazi olulandelayo lokuba i-plum enamanzi ye-radioactive material evela kwingozi yenyukliya ka-2011 eFukushima yayiza kuqala ukufikelela kunxweme olusentshona lwe-United States ngo-2014, kubonakala ngathi kungokwemvelo ukuxhalaba malunga nokuba kuqhubeka ntoni ngoLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, i-radioactive umonakalo, kunye neelwandle eziphilileyo. Kwaye ewe, ukwaphula iziqhulo ezingenakuthintelwa malunga nokuphuculwa kwe-surfing yasebusuku okanye ukuloba ukuze kukhanye kwixhoba elimnyama. Nangona kunjalo, kukwabalulekile ukuba siqinisekise ukuba sijongana neenkxalabo ezithile ezisekelwe kwidatha elungileyo, endaweni eqondakalayo, kodwa ubukhulu becala impendulo yeemvakalelo efana nokuphakuzela ukuba ukukhutshwa kwayo nayiphi na isixa semathiriyeli ye-radioactive inokuvelisa.

Ukuqala kukaSeptemba yayikukuphawula ixesha lokuqala abalobi kunxweme olusemntla-mpuma weJapan belungiselela ukubuyela elwandle ukusukela ngenyikima ka-2011 kunye neengxaki ezalandelayo ngesixhobo samandla enyukliya eFukushima. Amanqanaba eradioactivity kumanzi akufuphi nonxweme abonakalise ukuba phezulu kakhulu ixesha elide ukuvumela ukuloba—ekugqibeleni ehlile ukuya kumanqanaba okhuseleko awamkelekileyo ngo-2013.

Iimbono zasemoyeni ze-TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi iplanti yamandla enyukliya kunye neetanki zayo zokugcina amanzi angcolisekileyo. Ikhredithi yeefoto: Reuters

Ngelishwa, ezo zicwangciso zokubuyisela inxalenye yoqhagamshelo lwembali yommandla wolwandlekazile ziye zalibaziseka zizityhilelo zamva nje zokuvuza okubalulekileyo kwamanzi okusasazeka ngemitha ukusuka kumzi-mveliso owonakeleyo. Izigidi zeelitha zamanzi zisetyenzisiwe ukugcina iiactors ezintathu ezonakalisiweyo zenyukliya zipholile okoko kwabakho inyikima. Amanzi eradioactive agcinwe kwisiza kumatanki, ekucacayo ukuba, awayilelwanga ukugcinwa ixesha elide. Ngelixa ngaphezulu kwe-80 yezigidi zeegaloni zamanzi zigcinwe kwindawo kweli nqanaba, kusakhathaza ukucinga ngobuncinci be-80,000 yeelitha zamanzi angcolisekileyo, ngosuku, avuza emhlabeni kunye naselwandle, engahluzwanga, ukusuka kwenye yeendlela. iitanki zamanzi ezonakalisiweyo. Njengoko amagosa esebenzela ukujongana nale ngxaki intsha kunye nezikimu zokuqulatha ezixabisa ngakumbi, kukho umba oqhubekayo wokukhutshwa kokuqala okulandela iziganeko zentwasahlobo ka-2011.

Xa kwenzeka ingozi yenyukliya eFukushima, amanye amasuntswana eradioactive athwalwa nje awela iPasifiki nangona umoya ngeentsuku nje ezimbalwa—ngethamsanqa kumanqanaba athathwa njengeyingozi. Ngokuphathelele lo mbhobho oqikelelwayo, i<em>radioactive material yangena ngeendlela ezintathu kumanzi onxweme lwaseJapan—amasuntswana eradioactive aphuma emoyeni awela elwandle, amanzi angcolileyo awayeqokelele amasuntswana eradioactive emhlabeni, nokuphuma ngokuthe ngqo kwamanzi angcolileyo kulo mzi-mveliso. Ngo-2014, loo nto i-radioactive ibangelwa kukubonisa emanzini ase-US-ekukudala ihlanjululwe kumanqanaba angaphantsi kwalawo i-World Health Organization ibona ikhuselekile. Into enokulandeleka yaziwa ngokuba yiCesium-137, isotope ezinzile ngokumangalisayo, enokubonwa enokulinganiswa kumashumi eminyaka kunye nakunyaka olandelayo, ngokuqiniseka malunga nemvelaphi yayo, nokuba ahlanjululwe kangakanani na amanzi angcolisekileyo avuza elwandle. Amandla anamandla ePasifiki aya kunceda ukusasaza izinto ngokusebenzisa iipatheni zemisinga emininzi.

Iimodeli ezitsha zibonakala zibonisa ukuba ezinye zezinto ziya kuhlala zigxininiswe kwiNorth Pacific Gyre, loo ndawo apho imisinga idala indawo ephantsi yokuhamba elwandle etsala zonke iintlobo zobutyobo babantu. Uninzi lwethu olulandela imiba yolwandle luyayazi njengendawo yePatch yeNkunkuma yePasifiki, igama elinikwe loo ndawo apho ukuhamba kolwandle kugxininise kwaye kuqokelele inkunkuma, imichiza, kunye nenye inkunkuma yabantu esuka kwiindawo ezikude-uninzi lwayo. ngamaqhekeza amancinci kakhulu ukuba angabonwa. Kwakhona, ngelixa abaphandi baya kukwazi ukuchonga i-isotopes evela kwi-Fukushima-akulindelekanga ukuba izinto ze-radioactive ziya kuba kumazinga aphezulu ayingozi kwi-Gyre. Ngokufanayo, kwiimodeli ezibonisa izinto eziphathekayo ekugqibeleni ziya kuhamba ukuya kwi-Indian Ocean-iya kulandelwa, kodwa ingabonakali.

Ekugqibeleni, inkxalabo yethu idibene nommangaliso wethu. Inkxalabo yethu ixhomekeke ekuqhubekeni nokufuduswa kwabalobi baselunxwemeni baseJapan kwiimpilo zabo, kunye nokulahleka kwamanzi onxweme njengomthombo wolonwabo kunye nenkuthazo. Sinexhala malunga neziphumo zamanqanaba aphezulu eradioactivity ekuhambeni kwexesha kumanzi onxweme kubo bonke ubomi bangaphakathi. Kwaye sinethemba lokuba amagosa aya kunyathela ukuqinisekisa ukuhluzwa okusebenzayo kwamanzi amatsha angcolisekileyo phambi kokuba alahlwe elwandle, kuba inkqubo yokugcina esekwe kwitanki iyasilela ukukhusela ulwandle. Sihleli sinethemba lokuba eli lithuba lokuqonda ngenene iziphumo zezi ngozi, kwaye sifunde iindlela ekunokuthintelwa ngazo ubungozi obunjalo kwixesha elizayo.

Ummangaliso wethu uhlala unje: ulwandle lwehlabathi lusidibanisa sonke, kwaye into esiyenzayo kweyiphi indawo yolwandle iya kuchaphazela iindawo zolwandle ezikude ngaphaya komkhathi. Imisinga enamandla esinika imozulu yethu, ixhasa ukuthunyelwa kwethu ngenqanawa, kwaye yandise imveliso yolwandle, ikwanceda ekunciphiseni ezona mpazamo zethu zimbi. Ukutshintsha amaqondo obushushu aselwandle kunokuyitshintsha loo misinga. I-Dilution ayithethi ukuba akukho bungozi. Kwaye kusengumceli mngeni wethu ukwenza oko sinokukwenza-ukuthintela kunye nokubuyisela-ukuze ilifa lethu lingabi yi-cesium-137 enokulandeleka kumashumi amabini eminyaka, kodwa nolwandle olusempilweni kangangokuba i-cesium-137 yinto nje engaqhelekanga kwabo. abaphandi bexesha elizayo, hayi isithuko esidibanisayo.

Nanjengoko sityhutyha ulwazi oluninzi olungelulo kunye ne-hysteria engasekelwanga kwisayensi, iFukushima sisifundo kuthi sonke, ngakumbi xa sicinga ngokubeka izibonelelo zokuvelisa amandla enyukliya elunxwemeni. Akukho mathandabuzo amancinci okuba ungcoliseko lweradioactive kumanzi aselunxwemeni lwaseJapan lunobuzaza kwaye lunokuba lubi ngakumbi. Kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kubonakala ngathi iinkqubo zendalo zolwandle ziya kuqinisekisa ukuba uluntu oluselunxwemeni lwamanye amazwe alufumani usulelo olufanayo kulo mngeni.

Apha kwi-Ocean Foundation, senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukuxhasa ukomelela kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokulungiselela izithuko ezenziwe ngabantu kunye neentlekele zendalo, kunye nokukhuthaza amandla akhuselekileyo onxweme, afana nalawo afumana amandla avuselelekayo kumandla anamandla emhlabeni - wethu. ulwandle (jonga ngakumbi).