Izinto eziphambili eziThathayo kwiNgxelo ye-IPCC yamva nje

Ngomhla wama-25 kuSeptemba, iPhaneli yoRhulumente kuTshintsho lweMozulu yakhupha “iNgxelo eYodwa ngoLwandle kunye neCryosphere kwiMozulu eTshintshayo” (iNgxelo yoLwandle kunye nomkhenkce) ukunika ingxelo ngotshintsho oluphawulweyo lwenyama yolwandle kunye nezinto ezinxulumene noko. Funda ingxelo yethu yeendaba apha.

Iingxelo ezibanzi nezicokisekileyo ezivela kuluntu lwezenzululwazi zixabisekile kwaye zibonelela ngolwazi oluyimfuneko malunga nesijikelezi-langa sethu kunye noko kusemngciphekweni. Ingxelo ye-Ocean kunye ne-Ice ibonisa ukuba imisebenzi yabantu iphazamisa kakhulu ulwandle kwaye sele ibangele utshintsho olungenakuguqulwa. Ingxelo ikwasikhumbuza ngonxibelelwano lwethu nolwandle. KwiSiseko se-Ocean, siyazi ukuba kubalulekile kuthi sonke ukuba singaqondi nje ukuba yintoni imiba ekhoyo yolwandle, kodwa siqonde nokuba singayiphucula njani impilo yolwandle ngokwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo. Sonke sinokwenza okuthile kwiplanethi yethu namhlanje! 

Nazi ezinye zezinto eziphambili ezithathwa kuLwandle kunye neNgxelo yoMkhenkce. 

Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo alunakuphepheka kwiminyaka eyi-100 ezayo ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yabantu esele ingenile emoyeni ukusuka kwiimoto, iinqwelomoya kunye neefektri.

Ulwandle lufunxe ngaphezu kwe-90% yobushushu obugqithisileyo kwinkqubo yomhlaba ukusukela kwi-Industrial Revolution. Sele kuzakuthatha amawaka eminyaka ukuba umkhenkce e-Antarctica wenzeke kwakhona, kwaye ukwanda kweasidi yolwandle kuqinisekile ngokunjalo, oko kuyandisa iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kwi-ikhosistim yonxweme.

Ukuba asinciphisi izinto ezikhutshwayo ngoku, amandla ethu okuziqhelanisa nawo aya kuthinteleka ngakumbi kwiimeko ezizayo. Funda isikhokelo sethu ukunciphisa unyawo lwakho lwekhabhoni ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi kwaye wenze indima yakho.

I-1.4 yezigidigidi zabantu ngoku bahlala kwimimandla echatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo yimingcipheko kunye neengozi zokutshintsha kweemeko zolwandle, kwaye baya kunyanzeleka ukuba baziqhelanise.

I-1.9 yeebhiliyoni zabantu bahlala kwiikhilomitha ezili-100 zonxweme (malunga ne-28% yabemi behlabathi), kwaye amanxweme yeyona mimandla inabemi abaninzi emhlabeni. Olu luntu luya kuqhubeka kufuneka lutyale imali kwi-buffering esekelwe kwindalo, kunye nokwenza iziseko zophuhliso zomelele ngakumbi. Uqoqosho lwaselunxwemeni nalo luyachatshazelwa kulo lonke ilizwe - ukusuka kurhwebo kunye nezothutho, ukutya kunye namanzi, ukuya kumbane ohlaziyiweyo, nokunye.

Siza kubona imozulu embi kakhulu kule minyaka ili-100 izayo.

Ulwandle ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni imozulu kunye nemozulu, kwaye ingxelo iqikelela utshintsho olongezelelweyo koko sele sikufumene ngoku. Siza kulindela ukonyuka kwamaza obushushu olwandle, izandyondyo zesaqhwithi, iziganeko ezigqithisileyo ze-El Niño kunye neLa Niña, iinkanyamba zetropikhi, kunye nemililo yasendle.

Iziseko ezingundoqo zoluntu kunye neendlela zokuphila ziya kuba semngciphekweni ngaphandle kokulungelelaniswa.

Ukongeza kwimozulu embi kakhulu, ukungena kwamanzi etyuwa kunye nezikhukhula ziyingozi kubutyebi bethu bamanzi acocekileyo kunye neziseko zonxweme ezikhoyo. Siya kuqhubeka sifumana ukwehla kwezitokhwe zentlanzi, kwaye ukhenketho kunye nohambo luya kuthintelwa ngokunjalo. Iindawo eziphakamileyo ezisezintabeni ziya kuba sesichengeni ngakumbi kukudilika komhlaba, iinduli, nezikhukula, njengoko amathambeka ewohloka.

Ukunciphisa umonakalo owenziwe ngabantu elwandle nakwi-cryosphere kunokusindisa uqoqosho lwehlabathi ngaphezulu kwetriliyoni yeedola ngonyaka.

Ukuncipha kwimpilo yolwandle kuqikelelwa ukuba kuya kuxabisa i-$428 yebhiliyoni ngonyaka ngo-2050, kwaye kuya kunyuka ukuya kutsho kwi-1.979 yetriliyoni zeedola ngonyaka ngo-2100. Kukho amashishini ambalwa okanye izakhiwo ezakhiweyo ezingachatshazelwa lutshintsho lwexesha elizayo.

Izinto zikhula ngokukhawuleza kunokuba bekucingelwa kwangaphambili.

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu eyadlulayo, i-IPCC yakhupha ingxelo yayo yokuqala eyayiphonononga ulwandle kunye ne-cryosphere. Uphuhliso olunje ngokunyuka komphakamo wolwandle bekungacingelwanga ukuba lubonwe kwinkulungwane enye njengengxelo yantlandlolo, ukanti, lukhula ngokukhawuleza kunokuba bekuqikelelwe, kunye nokunyuka kobushushu bolwandle.

Iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana zisemngciphekweni wokuhla okukhulu kwabantu kunye nokuphela.

Utshintsho kwi-ecosystem, efana ne-asidi yolwandle kunye nokulahleka komkhenkce wolwandle, kwenze ukuba izilwanyana zifuduke kwaye zinxibelelane ne-ecosystem yazo ngeendlela ezintsha, kwaye zibonwe zisamkela imithombo yokutya emitsha. Ukusuka kwi-trout, ukuya kwi-kittiwakes, ukuya kwii-corals, ukulungelelaniswa kunye nemilinganiselo yokulondoloza iya kugqiba ukusinda kweentlobo ezininzi.

Oorhulumente kufuneka bagcine indima ebonakalayo ekunciphiseni iingozi zeentlekele.

Ukusuka kwintsebenziswano yehlabathi ukuya kwizisombululo zasekhaya, oorhulumente kufuneka banyuse iinzame zabo zokomelela, babe ziinkokeli ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nokukhusela indawo abahlala kuyo endaweni yokuqhubeka nokuvumela ukuxhaphazwa. Ngaphandle kokulawulwa kwemekobume okwandisiweyo, abantu baya kusokola ukuqhelana neenguqulelo zomhlaba.

Ukunyibilika komkhenkce kwimimandla yeentaba eziphakamileyo kuchaphazela imithombo yamanzi, imizi-mveliso yokhenketho, nokuzinza komhlaba.

Ukufudumala komhlaba nokunyibilika ngokusisigxina komkhenkce kunciphisa umthombo wamanzi kubantu abaxhomekeke kuwo, ngokusela amanzi nokuxhasa ezolimo. Oku kuya kuchaphazela iidolophu zokutyibilika ekhephini ezixhomekeke kukhenketho, ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba ii-avalanche kunye nokudilika komhlaba kunokwenzeka ukuba kuxhaphake ngakumbi.

Ukunciphisa kunexabiso eliphantsi kunokuziqhelanisa, kwaye okukhona silinda ixesha elide ukuze senze, kokukhona kuya kubiza kakhulu zombini.

Ukukhusela kunye nokugcina into esinayo ngoku kulula kwaye ifikeleleke ngakumbi kunokulungisa utshintsho oluzayo emva kokuba lwenzekile. I-ecosystems ye-carbon blue blue ecosystem, efana ne-mangroves, i-salted marsh kunye ne-seagrasses, inokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye neempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye neenzuzo ezininzi ezihlangeneyo. Ukubuyisela nokugcina imigxobhozo yethu engaselunxwemeni, ukuthintela ukumbiwa kwemigodi enzulu elwandle, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse ziindlela ezintathu zokusitshintsha isimo esikhoyo. Ingxelo ikwaqukumbela ngelithi onke amanyathelo aya kufikeleleka ngakumbi, okukhona sithatha amanyathelo kwamsinya nangaphezulu.

Ukufikelela kwingxelo epheleleyo, yiya ku https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/home/.