Ukujonga emva ukuqhubela Phambili: Inkomfa ye-UN yoLwandle ye-2022

Ukulandela ukuphumla kwiziganeko zomntu ukusukela oko kwaqala ubhubhane, umbindi 'wonyaka wolwandle' waphawulwa Inkomfa yoLwandle ye-UN yowama-2022 eLisbon, ePortugal. Ngabazimasi abangaphezu kwama-6,500 abamele abangenzi nzuzo, amaqumrhu abucala, oorhulumente, kunye nabanye abachaphazelekayo bonke abazibandakanyayo ngeentsuku ezintlanu ezizele zizibophelelo, iincoko, kunye nemisitho yenkomfa, igqiza le-Ocean Foundation's (TOF) lilungiselelwe ukunikezela kunye nokujongana noluhlu lwezihloko ezibalulekileyo, ukusuka kwiiplastiki ukuya kumelo lwehlabathi.

Igqiza le-TOF libonise intlangano yethu eyahlukeneyo, inabasebenzi abasibhozo ababekho, begubungela imixholo ebanzi. Igqiza lethu lize lizilungiselele ukujongana nongcoliseko lweplastiki, ikhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iasidi yolwandle, imigodi enzulu yolwandle, ukulingana kwezenzululwazi, ukufunda nolwandle, imo yezulu yolwandle, uqoqosho oluluhlaza, kunye nolawulo lolwandle.

Iqela lethu lenkqubo liye lafumana ithuba lokucingisisa ngentsebenziswano eye yaqulunqwa, izibophelelo zehlabathi ezenziweyo, kunye nokufunda okumangalisayo okwenzeka ukususela ngomhla wama-27 kuJuni ukuya kumhla woku-1 kuJulayi 2022. Ezinye zeembalasane zokubandakanyeka kwe-TOF kwinkomfa zezi. ngezantsi.

Ubuchule beNzululwazi yoLwandle

Iingxoxo malunga nomthamo ofunekayo wokuqhuba inzululwazi yolwandle kunye nokuthatha inyathelo kwimiba yolwandle yalukwa yaba yiminyhadala yenkomfa iveki yonke. Umsitho wethu osemthethweni wecala, "Isakhono seNzululwazi yoLwandle njengoMqathango wokuPhumelela i-SDG 14: Iimbono kunye nezisombululo, "yamodareyithwa yiGosa leNkqubo ye-TOF u-Alexis Valauri-Orton kwaye ibonise iqela labadlali beepaneli ababelana ngeembono zabo kunye neengcebiso zokususa imiqobo ethintela ukulingana kuluntu lwaselwandle. USekela Nobhala weSebe leLizwe lase-US kwiiLwandle, ukuLoba kunye neMicimbi yePolar, uNjingalwazi Maxine Burkett, unike amazwi okuvula akhuthazayo. Kwaye, uKaty Soapi (Uluntu lwasePacific) kunye noHenrik Enevoldsen (IOC-UNESCO) bagxininise ukubaluleka kokuhlakulela intsebenziswano eqinile ngaphambi kokuba bahlolisise umsebenzi.

UGqr. Enevoldsen wagxininisa ukuba awunakuze utyale ixesha elaneleyo ekufumaneni amaqabane afanelekileyo, ngelixa uGqr. UGqr. JP Walsh ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseRhode Island ucebise ukwakha ngexesha lokuzonwabisa kwizinto ezenziwa ngumntu, ezifana nokuqubha elwandle, ukunceda ukuvuselela ezo nkumbulo zinentsingiselo kunye nobudlelwane. Abanye abaphaneli, iGosa leNkqubo ye-TOF uFrances Lang kunye noDamboia Cossa abavela kwiYunivesithi yase-Eduardo Mondlane eMozambique, bagxininise ukubaluleka kokuzisa inzululwazi yezentlalo kunye nokuthathela ingqalelo imeko yendawo - kubandakanywa imfundo, iziseko zophuhliso, iimeko kunye nokufikelela kwiteknoloji - kwisikhundla. isakhiwo.

Ukomeleza ngakumbi inkxaso yesakhono senzululwazi yolwandle, i-TOF ibhengeze inyathelo elitsha lokudala iNtsebenziswano yeeNgxowa-mali ukuxhasa ishumi leminyaka le-UN leNzululwazi yoLwandle kuPhuhliso oluZinzileyo. Ibhengezwe ngokusesikweni kumsitho we-UN Ocean Decade Forum, injongo yentsebenziswano ekomelezeni iMinyaka eliShumi yeNzululwazi yoLwandle ngokuhlanganisa inkxaso-mali kunye nezibonelelo eziluncedo zokuxhasa uphuhliso lwezakhono, unxibelelwano, kunye noyilo oludibeneyo lwesayensi yolwandle. Amalungu asesekweni entsebenziswano aquka iNkqubo yeLenfest Ocean yePew Charitable Trust, iTula Foundation, iREV Ocean, iFundação Grupo Boticário, kunye neSchmidt Ocean Institute.

UMongameli wethu, uMark J. Spalding, wamenywa nguRhulumente waseSpain kunye neMexico ukuba athethe malunga nendlela ukujonga idatha yolwandle kubaluleke kakhulu ekomeleleni konxweme kunye noqoqosho oluzinzileyo oluluhlaza njengenxalenye ye isiganeko kwicala elisemthethweni "kwiNzululwazi ngokubhekisele kulwandle oluzinzileyo".

I-Deep Seabed Mining Mining

Iinkxalabo ezicacileyo malunga nemigodi enzulu yolwandle (DSM) zaphakanyiswa kwinkomfa yonke. I-TOF ibandakanyeka ekuxhaseni ukumiswa (isithintelo sexeshana) ngaphandle kokuba kwaye kude kube i-DSM inokuqhubeka ngaphandle kokwenzakala kokusingqongileyo elwandle, ilahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, isoyikiso kwilifa lethu lenkcubeko elibambekayo nelingabonakaliyo, okanye ingozi kwiinkonzo ze-ikhosistim.

Abasebenzi be-TOF babekho ngaphezu kweziganeko ezinxulumene ne-DSM ezingaphezulu kweshumi elinesibini, ukusuka kwiingxoxo ezisondeleyo, ukuya kwii-Interactive Dialogues ezisemthethweni, ukuya kwitheko lomdaniso elihambahambayo lisibongoza ukuba #sijonge phantsi kwaye sixabise ulwandle olunzulu kunye nokukhuthaza ukuvalwa kwe-DSM. I-TOF yafunda yaza yabelana ngeyona sayensi ifumanekayo, yathetha ngeziseko ezisemthethweni ze-DSM, yabhala amanqaku okuthetha kunye nongenelelo, yaza yacwangciswa ngobuchule noogxa babo, amahlakani kunye nabathunywa belizwe abavela kwihlabathi liphela. Iziganeko ezahlukeneyo ezisecaleni zijolise ngokukodwa kwi-DSM, kunye nakulwandle olunzulu, i-biodiversity yayo, kunye neenkonzo ze-ecosystem enikezelayo.

I-Alliance Against Deep Seabed Mining yaphehlelelwa yiPalau, yaze yadityaniswa yiFiji neSamoa (iZizwe eziManyeneyo zaseMicronesia ziye zajoyina). UGqr. Sylvia Earle wathethelela ngokuchasene neDSM kwiimeko ezisesikweni nezingekho sikweni; Ingxoxo esebenzisanayo nge-UNCLOS yaqhwaba izandla xa umthunywa wolutsha ebuza ukuba zenziwa njani na izigqibo ezinefuthe phakathi kwezizukulwana zenziwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nolutsha; kunye noMongameli waseFransi uMacron wothusa abaninzi ngokubiza urhulumente osemthethweni ukuba ayeke i-DSM, esithi: "kufuneka senze inkqubo esemthethweni yokumisa imigodi yaselwandle kwaye singavumeli imisebenzi emitsha ebeka emngciphekweni inkqubo yendalo."

Ukujongwa kwi-Ocean Acidification

Ulwandle ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwemozulu ukanti luziva iziphumo zokwanda kokukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside. Ngaloo ndlela, ukutshintsha iimeko zolwandle kwakuyisihloko esibalulekileyo. Ukufudumala kwe-Ocean, i-deoxygenation, kunye ne-acidification (OA) ibonakaliswe kwi-Interactive Dialogue ehlanganise uMthunywa weMozulu wase-US uJohn Kerry kunye namahlakani e-TOF, kuquka nosihlalo weGlobal Ocean Acidification Observing Network uGqr Steve Widdicombe kunye noNobhala we-International Alliance to Combat Ocean Ocean Ukufakwa kweAcidification uJessie Turner, njengosihlalo kunye nepanelist, ngokulandelelanayo.

U-Alexis Valauri-Orton wenza ungenelelo olusemthethweni egameni le-TOF, eqaphela inkxaso yethu eqhubekayo yezixhobo, uqeqesho, kunye nenkxaso eyenza ukunyuka kokuhlolwa kwe-acidification yolwandle kwimimandla exhamla kakhulu kule datha.

Ukufikeleleka kwintshukumo yoLwandle kwiHlabathi liphela

I-TOF ibandakanyeke kwimisitho eliqela ebonakalayo eyayifumaneka kubathathi-nxaxheba kwinkomfa evela kwihlabathi liphela. UFrances Lang wenze intetho egameni le-TOF kwiphaneli yenyani ecaleni kwabaphathi-ziiphaneli abahloniphekileyo abavela kwiDyunivesithi yase-Edinburgh, iPatagonia yaseYurophu, iSave The Waves, Surfrider Foundation, kunye ne-Surf Industry Manufacturers Association.

Lo msitho, owawuququzelelwe ngabakwaSurfers Against Sewage, wadibanisa abakhankasi abaphambili, izifundiswa, iiNGO, kunye nabameli bemidlalo yamanzi ukuze baxoxe ngendlela amanyathelo asezantsi kunye nesayensi yabemi enokusetyenziswa ukuphembelela izigqibo zasekhaya, umgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe, kunye nengxoxo-mpikiswano yamazwe ngamazwe ukukhusela nokubuyisela iilwandle. Izithethi zixoxe ngokubaluleka kokufikeleleka kwesenzo solwandle kuwo onke amanqanaba oluntu, ukusuka ekuqokeleleni idatha yonxweme ekhokelwa ngamavolontiya asekuhlaleni ukuya kwimfundo yaselwandle yase-K-12 eqhutywa lubuhlakani kunye nobunkokeli basekhaya. 

I-TOF iphinde yaququzelela umnyhadala weelwimi ezimbini (isiNgesi neSpanish) ogxile ekunciphiseni iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokubuyiselwa kwenkqubo yendalo yaselwandle neyonxweme. IGosa leNkqubo ye-TOF u-Alejandra Navarrete uququzelele incoko eguquguqukayo malunga nokuphumeza izisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo kwinqanaba lengingqi nakwinqanaba likazwelonke eMexico. IGosa leNkqubo ye-TOF uBen Scheelk kunye nabanye abaphaneli babelane ngendlela imimango, iingqaqa zekorale, kunye nengca yolwandle ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo yendalo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokunciphisa, kunye nendlela ukubuyiselwa kwekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungqinwe ngayo ukubuyisela iinkonzo ze-ecosystem kunye nokuphila okuhambelanayo.

Ulawulo loLwandle oluPhezulu

UMark J. Spalding, kwindima yakhe njengoMkomishinala woLwandle lwaseSargasso, wathetha kwisiganeko esisecaleni esigxininise kwiprojekthi yeSARGADOM "Ulawulo lweHybrid kwiiLwandle eziPhakamileyo". 'ISARGADOM' idibanisa amagama eendawo ezimbini ekugxilwe kuzo zeprojekthi - uLwandle lwaseSargasso kuMntla weAtlantiki kunye neThermal Dome kwiMpuma yeTropiki yePasifiki. Le projekthi ixhaswa ngemali yiFonds Français pour l'Environnement Mondial.

IThermal Dome kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki yeTropiki eMpuma kunye noLwandle lwaseSargasso kuMntla weAtlantiki ngamanyathelo amabini avelayo njengamatyala okulinga kumgangatho wehlabathi ajolise ekuphuhliseni iindlela zolawulo oluxutyiweyo, okt iindlela zolawulo ezidibanisa indlela yengingqi kunye indlela yehlabathi yokufaka igalelo kukhuseleko lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo neenkonzo ze-ikhosistim kwiilwandle eziphezulu.

I-Nexus yemozulu yoLwandle

Ngo-2007, i-TOF yanceda ekufumaneni i-Ocean-Climate Platform. UMark J. Spalding waba kunye nabo ngomhla we-30 kaJuni ukuthetha ngesidingo sePhaneli yaMazwe ngaMazwe yokuZinza koLwandle ukuvumela uvavanyo lwemeko yangoku kunye neyexesha elizayo yolwandle ngendlela efana nePhaneli yeZizwe ngeZizwe malunga noTshintsho lweMozulu. Ngokukhawuleza emva koku, i-Ocean-Climate Platform yabamba ingxoxo ye-Oceans of Solutions ukubonisa amalinge amabhongo olwandle afikelelekayo, anokunyuka, kwaye azinzileyo; kuquka TOF's Ukufakwa kweSargassum imizamo, awathi uMarko wayibonisa.

Njengoko kuqhele ukwenzeka kwezi ndibano zinkulu, iintlanganiso ezincinci ezingacwangciswanga kunye nethutyana zaziluncedo kakhulu. Sisebenzise ithuba lokudibana namaqabane kunye noogxa iveki yonke. UMark J. Spalding wayengomnye weqela lee-CEO ze-NGO zolondolozo lolwandle ezadibana neBhunga le-White House kuMgangatho wokuSingqongileyo, kunye noMlawuli we-Ofisi ye-White House yeSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji. Ngokufanayo, uMarko uchithe ixesha "kwiNqanaba eliPhezulu" kunye namaqabane ethu kwi-Commonwealth Blue Charter ukuxoxa ngendlela enobulungisa, ebandakanyayo kunye nezinzileyo ekukhuselweni kolwandle kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho. 

Ukongeza kolu thethathethwano, i-TOF ixhase inani leminye imisitho kunye nabasebenzi be-TOF baququzelele iingxoxo ezibalulekileyo malunga nongcoliseko lweplastiki, iindawo ezikhuselweyo zolwandle, i-asidi yolwandle, ukomelela kwemozulu, ukuphendula kwamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokuzibandakanya kwishishini.

Iziphumo kunye nokuJonga Phambili

Umxholo weNkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yaseLwandle yowama-2022 wawusithi, “Ukwandisa intshukumo yolwandle esekwe kwinzululwazi nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha ukuze kuphunyezwe iNjongo ye-14: ukubalwa kwempahla, intsebenziswano nezisombululo.” Babe impumelelo eqaphelekayo ezinxulumene nalo mxholo, kubandakanywa ukunyuka kwesantya kunye nengqalelo ehlawulwe kwiingozi ze-acidification yolwandle, amandla okubuyisela i-carbon blue, kunye neengozi ze-DSM. Abasetyhini bebengamandla anamandla ngokungenakuphikiswa kuyo yonke le nkomfa, kunye neephaneli ezikhokelwa ngabasetyhini ezivelele njengezona ncoko zibalulekileyo nezinomdla evekini (igqiza le-TOF buqu libandakanya malunga nama-90% abasetyhini).

Kukwakho neendawo ezivunyiweyo yi-TOF apho kufuneka sibone inkqubela phambili, ukufikelela okuphuculweyo, kunye nobandakanyo olukhulu:

• Siye saqaphela ukunqongophala okungapheliyo kokumelwa kwiiphaneli ezisemthethweni kumsitho, nangona kunjalo, kungenelelo, iintlanganiso ezingekho sesikweni, kunye neziganeko ezisecaleni ezisuka kumazwe angenazo izixhobo ziqhele ukuba nezona zinto zibalulekileyo, ezinokuthathwa, kunye nezibalulekileyo zokuxoxa.
• Ithemba lethu kukubona ukumelwa okungaphezulu, ubandakanyo, kunye neentshukumo ezivela kutyalo-mali olukhulu kulawulo lwendawo ekhuselweyo yaselwandle, ukunqanda ukuloba kwe-IUU, kunye nokuthintela ungcoliseko lweplastiki.
• Sikwanethemba lokubona unqumamiso okanye sinqumame kwi-DSM kulo nyaka uzayo.
• Uthethathethwano olusebenzayo nabachaphazelekayo, kunye nonxibelelwano oluqinileyo nolubonakalayo nabo bachaphazelekayo kuya kuba yimfuneko kubo bonke abazileyo kwiNkomfa yoLwandle lwe-UN ukuze bafezekise yonke into esizimisele ukuyenza. Kwi-TOF, kucacile ngakumbi ukuba umsebenzi esiwenzayo uyimfuneko kakhulu.

'Unyaka wolwandle' uyaqhubeka ngeMangrove Congress yaseMelika ngo-Okthobha, iCOP27 ngoNovemba, kunye neNkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ze-UN ngoDisemba. Kuzo zonke ezi kunye nezinye iziganeko zehlabathi, i-TOF inethemba lokubona kunye nokukhuthaza inkqubela phambili eqhubekayo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amazwi angabikho kuphela abo banamandla okwenza utshintsho kodwa nabo bachaphazeleka kakhulu kukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kolwandle. INkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo iya kuqhubeka ngowama-2025.