I-MMPA kunye ne-Dire Harm

Ubuninzi beminyaka engamashumi amabini anesiqingatha edlulileyo, ndiye ndanikezela amandla am elwandle, kubomi bangaphakathi, nakubantu abaninzi abazinikele ekuphuculeni ilifa lethu lolwandle. Umsebenzi omninzi endiwenzileyo umalunga noMthetho woKhuseleko lweMammal yaseLwandle emalunga nawo Ndibhale ngaphambili.

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amane anesihlanu eyadlulayo, uMongameli uNixon watyikitya uMthetho woKhuseleko lweMammal yaseLwandle (i-MMPA) ibe ngumthetho kwaye ke waqala ibali elitsha lobudlelwane baseMelika kunye neminenga, amahlengethwa, iidugongs, ii-manatee, iibhere ezimhlophe, i-otters yolwandle, i-walrus, iingonyama zolwandle kunye namatywina. kuzo zonke iintlobo. Ayilobali ligqibeleleyo. Ayizizo zonke iintlobo ezikhoyo kumanzi aseMelika ziyachacha. Kodwa uninzi lukwimo elunge ngakumbi kunokuba lwalunjalo ngowe-1972, yaye okona kubaluleke ngakumbi, kula mashumi eminyaka edluleyo siye safunda okungakumbi ngabamelwane bethu baselwandle—amandla onxibelelwano lweentsapho zabo, iindlela zabo zokufuduka, iindawo ezizalela kuzo, nendima yabo ekuhleni. uthungelwano lobomi, kunye negalelo labo ekuthathweni kwekhabhoni elwandle.

Inja yengonyama yoLwandle eBig Sur, eCalifornia. Ngetyala: Kace Rodriguez @ Unsplash

Siphinde safunda malunga namandla okubuyisela kunye nokunyuka okungalindelekanga komngcipheko. I-MMPA yenzelwe ukuvumela abaphathi bethu bezilwanyana zasendle ukuba bathathele ingqalelo yonke i-ecosystem-zonke iintlobo zeendawo zokuhlala ezifunwa zizilwanyana zaselwandle ngexesha lomjikelo wazo wobomi-iindawo zokutya, iindawo zokuphumla, iindawo zokukhulisa amantshontsho azo. Kubonakala kulula, kodwa akunjalo. Kusoloko kukho imibuzo ekufuneka iphendulwe.

Uninzi lwezi ntlobo zifuduka ngamaxesha-iminenga ecula eHawaii ebusika ibangela uloyiko kubakhenkethi kwiindawo zabo zokutya zasehlotyeni e-Alaska. Bakhuseleke kangakanani kwindlela yabo? Ezinye izilwanyana zifuna indawo emhlabeni naselwandle ukuze zifuduke kunye neemfuno zazo—ibhere emhlophe, i<em>walrus nezinye. Ngaba uphuhliso okanye omnye umsebenzi uthintele ukufikelela kwabo?

Bendicinga kakhulu nge-MMPA kuba imele ezona ngcinga ziphezulu nezingcono malunga nobudlelwane babantu nolwandle. Iyazihlonela ezo zidalwa zixhomekeke kumanzi olwandle acocekileyo asempilweni, iilwandle, kunye nemimandla eselunxwemeni, ngelixa ivumela imisebenzi yabantu ukuba iqhubeke-uhlobo olufana nokucotha kwindawo yesikolo. Ixabisa ubutyebi bendalo baseMelika kwaye izabalazela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilifa lethu eliqhelekileyo, impahla yethu eqhelekileyo, ayenzakali ngenxa yenzuzo yabantu. Imisela iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo kodwa ulwandle luntsonkothile kwaye ngokunjalo neemfuno zobomi ngaphakathi-kanye njengokuba uluntu lwethu luntsonkothile, kwaye luhlangabezana neemfuno zobomi ngaphakathi.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho abo bajonga i-MMPA kwaye bathi ngumqobo kwinzuzo, ukuba ayiloxanduva likarhulumente ukukhusela izixhobo zoluntu, ukuba ukhuseleko loluntu lunokushiyelwa kumaqumrhu abucala ngokuzibophelela okuqondakalayo kwinzuzo ngaphezu kwayo yonke into. enye into. Aba ngabantu ababonakala bebambelele kwinkolelo yokuba ubuncwane bolwandle abunasiphelo—phezu kwazo nje izikhumbuzo ezingenasiphelo ezichasene noko. Aba ngabantu ababonakala bekholelwa ukuba imisebenzi emitsha eyahlukeneyo eyahlukahlukeneyo edalwe kukwanda kwezilwanyana ezanyisayo zaselwandle asiyonyani; Loo moya namanzi acocekileyo akukhange kuncede uluntu luphumelele; nokuba izigidi zabantu baseMelika bazixabisile izilwanyana zabo ezanyisayo zaselwandle njengenxalenye yelifa lethu elifanayo kunye nelifa lethu kwizizukulwana ezizayo.

Abantu basebenzisa isigama esikhethekileyo xa bejongela phantsi amandla oluntu okumisela ikamva lezibonelelo zoluntu. Bathetha ngokulungelelanisa-oko kuthetha ukutsiba amanyathelo okanye ukunciphisa ixesha lokujonga imiphumo enokubakho yento abafuna ukuyenza. Ithuba lokuba uluntu luphonononge kwaye luhlomle. Ithuba lokuba abachasi baviwe. Bathetha ngokwenza lula nto leyo esoloko ithetha ukutsiba iimfuneko eziphazamisayo ukuze bathathe amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuba oko bafuna ukukwenza akuyi kubangela ingozi PHAMBI kokuba baqalise ukuyenza. Bathetha ngobulungisa xa into abayithethayo kukuba bafuna ukwandisa inzuzo yabo ngeendleko zabarhafi. Bathi ngabom babhidanisa ingqikelelo exabisekileyo yamalungelo epropathi kunye nomnqweno wabo wokwenza izinto zabucala ubutyebi bethu obuqhelekileyo boluntu ukuze bazuze bona. Babiza ibala lokudlala elikumgangatho kubo bonke abasebenzisi bolwandle-kwaye ibala lokudlala elikwinqanaba lokwenyani kufuneka lithathele ingqalelo abo bafuna ulwandle ubomi babo bonke kunye nabo bafuna ukuxhaphaza izixhobo ezingaphantsi.

Kukho izindululo eCapitol Hill nakwii-arhente ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa neSebe lezaMandla, ezinokuthi zithintele ngokusisigxina amandla oluntu okuvavanya ushishino lolwandle lwethu. Amazwe, ii-arhente zomdibaniso, kunye noluntu oluselunxwemeni luya kuphulukana namandla abo okunyanzelisa umthetho, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wabo, okanye ukufumana isabelo sabo sembuyekezo ngokuvumela iinkampani zabucala ukuba zixhamle kumthombo woluntu. Kukho izindululo ezikhulula ezo nkampani kuxanduva kwaye zibeke phambili imisebenzi yazo yemizi-mveliso ngaphezu kwayo yonke eminye imisebenzi-ukhenketho, ukubukela iminenga, ukuloba, ukukama elunxwemeni, ukuqubha, ukuhamba ngeenqanawa, njalo njalo.

Ngokucacileyo, akukho kunqongophala komsebenzi kuye nabani na kuthi, kubandakanya oogxa bam, uluntu lwaseOcean Foundation, kunye nabo banenkathalo. Kwaye, asikuko ukuba ndicinga ukuba i-MMPA igqibelele. Ayikhange ilindele iintlobo zotshintsho olubalulekileyo kubushushu bolwandle, imichiza yolwandle, kunye nobunzulu bolwandle obunokuthi budale iingxabano apho bekungekho ngaphambili. Ayikhange ilindele ukwanda okukhulu kweenqanawa, kunye nongquzulwano olunokuthi lubekho kwiinqanawa ezinkulu ezinamazibuko amakhulu kunye nokuhamba kancinci kancinci. Ayizange ilindele ukwanda okumangalisayo kwengxolo eyenziwa ngabantu elwandle. I-MMPA ibonakalise ukuguquguquka, nangona kunjalo- iye yanceda uluntu ukuba luguqule uqoqosho lwalo ngeendlela ebezingalindelekanga. Iye yanceda izidalwa ezanyisayo zaselwandle ukuba ziphinde zibuyele. Inike iqonga apho ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji entsha ukwenzela ukuba imisebenzi yabantu ibeke umngcipheko omncinci.

Mhlawumbi okona kubalulekileyo, i-MMPA ibonisa ukuba iMelika yeyokuqala ekukhuseleni izilwanyana zaselwandle-kwaye ezinye izizwe ziye zalandela ukhokelo lwethu ngokudala indawo ekhuselekileyo, okanye iindawo ezikhethekileyo, okanye ukunciphisa ukuvunwa okungafunekiyo okubeke ukusinda kwazo emngciphekweni. Kwaye sakwazi ukwenza oko kwaye sisenokukhula koqoqosho kwaye sihlangabezana neemfuno zabemi abakhulayo. Njengoko sizabalazela ukwakha kwakhona abemi baseNorth Atlantic right whales okanye iBelugas yeCook Inlet, kwaye njengoko sisebenzela ukujongana nokufa okungaqondakaliyo kwezilwanyana zaselwandle ezisuka elunxwemeni nakweminye imithombo yoluntu, sinokuma kule migaqo ingundoqo yokukhusela izixhobo zethu zoluntu. kwizizukulwana ezizayo.