Ulwabiwo olwandle

Yintoni iAcidification yoLwandle?

Kwihlabathi liphela, ikhemistri yamanzi olwandle itshintsha ngokukhawuleza kunanini na kwimbali yoMhlaba.

Ngokomndilili, amanzi olwandle aneasidi ngama-30% ngaphezu kokuba ayenjalo kwiminyaka engama-250 eyadlulayo. Kwaye ngelixa olu tshintsho kwikhemistri - eyaziwa ngokuba acidification ulwandle - isenokungabonakali, iziphumo zayo azikho.

Njengoko icarbon dioxide ekhutshwayo inyibilika elwandle, imichiza yalo iyaguquguquka, nto leyo eyenza amanzi olwandle abe neasidi. Oku kunokuxinzelela izinto eziphilayo elwandle kunye nokunciphisa ukufumaneka kweebhloko ezithile zokwakha - okwenza kube nzima kwizidalwa ezenza i-calcium carbonate ezifana ne-oyster, lobster, kunye ne-corals ukwakha iigobolondo ezinamandla okanye amathambo afunekayo ukuze aphile. Yenza ezinye iintlanzi zibhideke, kwaye njengoko izilwanyana zihlawulela ukugcina i-chemistry yazo yangaphakathi ebusweni bolu tshintsho lwangaphandle, azinawo amandla afunekayo ukukhula, ukuzala, ukufumana ukutya, ukukhusela izifo, kunye nokuziphatha okuqhelekileyo.

I-Ocean acidification inokudala i-domino effect: Inokuphazamisa i-ecosystem yonke enobudlelwane obunzima phakathi kwe-algae kunye ne-plankton - iibhloko zokwakha zewebhu zokutya - kunye nenkcubeko, uqoqosho, kunye nezilwanyana ezibalulekileyo zendalo ezifana neentlanzi, iikorale, kunye ne-urchins yolwandle. Ngelixa ukuchaphazeleka kolu tshintsho kwikhemistri yolwandle kunokwahluka phakathi kweentlobo kunye nabantu, unxibelelwano oluphazamisekileyo lunokunciphisa umsebenzi we-ecosystem jikelele kunye nokudala iimeko ezizayo ekunzima ukuziqikelela nokufunda. Kwaye iya isiba mandundu.

Izisombululo eziHambisa inaliti

Kufuneka sinciphise ubungakanani bokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yeanthropogenic engena kwiatmosfera ukusuka kumafutha efosili. Kufuneka siqinise unxibelelwano phakathi kolwandle olumuncu kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokuqwalasela amazwe ngamazwe kunye nezikhokelo zolawulo olusemthethweni, ngoko ke le miba ibonwa njengemiba enxulumeneyo kwaye ingabi yimiceli mngeni eyahlukileyo. Kwaye, kufuneka sixhase ngemali ngokuzinzileyo kwaye sigcine uthungelwano lokubeka iliso lwezenzululwazi kunye nokudalwa kogcino-lwazi ukwenzela ixesha elikufuphi nelide.

Ukwenziwa kweasidi yolwandle kufuna imibutho yoluntu, yabucala, kunye nengenzi nzuzo zombini ngaphakathi nangaphandle koluntu lolwandle ukuba idibane - kwaye iqhubele phambili nezisombululo ezihambisa inaliti.

Ukusukela ngo-2003, besisoloko sikhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha kunye nokuphuhlisa intsebenziswano yobuchule, ukuxhasa oosonzululwazi, abaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo, kunye noluntu kwihlabathi jikelele. Lo msebenzi ulawulwa sisicwangciso esintlantlu-ntathu:

1. Beka esweni uze uhlalutye: Ukwakha iNzululwazi
2. bandakanya: Ukomeleza kunye nokukhulisa inethiwekhi yethu
3. isenzo: Ukuqulunqa uMgaqo-nkqubo

Ukubeka iliso kunye nokuhlalutya: Ukwakha iNzululwazi

Ukujonga ukuba kwenzeka njani, phi, kwaye ngokukhawuleza kangakanani utshintsho, kunye nokufunda iziphumo zekhemistri yolwandle kwindalo kunye noluntu.

Ukusabela kwi-chemistry eguqukayo yolwandle, kufuneka sazi ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni. Oku kubeka iliso kwezenzululwazi kunye nophando kufuneka lwenzeke kwihlabathi, kuzo zonke iindawo ezihlala elunxwemeni.

Ukuxhobisa ooSonzululwazi

GOA-ON kwiBhokisi
Inzululwazi yokwenziwa kweasidi yolwandle kufuneka isebenze, ifikeleleke kwaye ifikeleleke. Ukuxhasa i-Global Ocean Acidification - iNethiwekhi yokuQwalasela, siguqulele ilebhu entsonkothileyo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza kwi customizable, ikhithi yexabiso eliphantsi - GOA-ON kwiBhokisi - ukuqokelela imilinganiselo yomgangatho ophezulu we-asidi yolwandle. Ezi zixhobo, esiye sazithumela ehlabathini lonke kwiindawo ezikude nonxweme, ziye zasasazwa kwizazinzulu ezikumazwe ali-17 eAfrika, kwiZiqithi zePasifiki nakuMbindi Merika.

Funda nzulu

pCO₂ ukuhamba
Sibambisene noNjingalwazi uBurke Hales ukwenza ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nenzwa yekhemistri ephathwayo ebizwa ngokuba yi “pCO₂ Thogo". Esi sivamvo silinganisa ukuba yimalini na i-CO₂  iyanyibilika emanzini olwandle (pCO₂) ukuze abasebenzi abakwiindawo zokuqandusela iishellfish bafunde ukuba oonokrwece abancinci bahlangabezana nantoni ngexesha lokwenyani kwaye bathathe inyathelo ukuba kuyimfuneko. Kwi-Alutiiq Pride Marine Institute, indawo yophando lwaselwandle eSeward, eAlaska, i-pCO₂ iTo Go yafakwa kwisantya sayo kuzo zombini iindawo zokuqandusela kunye nasebaleni - ukulungela ukusasaza usasazo kumafama oonokrwece abasesichengeni kwimimandla emitsha.

Funda nzulu

Inkqubo ye-Pier2Peer Mentorship
Sikwasebenzisana ne-GOA-ON ukuxhasa inkqubo yokufundisa ngenzululwazi, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Pier2Peer, ngokunikezela ngenkxaso-mali kubacebisi kunye nababini abaqeqeshwayo - ukuxhasa iinzuzo ezibonakalayo kubuchule bobugcisa, intsebenziswano, kunye nolwazi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngaphezu kwezibini ezingama-25 zinikezelwe ngezifundo ezixhasa ukuthengwa kwezixhobo, uhambo lokutshintshiselana ngolwazi, kunye neendleko zokusetyenzwa kwesampula.

Funda nzulu

Ukunciphisa ukuba sesichengeni

Ngenxa yokuba iasidi yolwandle intsonkothile, kwaye neziphumo zayo zifikeleleka ngoku, kunokuba nzima ukuqonda ngqo ukuba iza kuchaphazela njani na uluntu oluselunxwemeni. Uhlolo olukufuphi nonxweme kunye nemifuniselo yebhayoloji isinceda ukuba siphendule imibuzo ebalulekileyo malunga nokuba izinto eziphilayo neziphilayo zinokuhamba njani. Kodwa, ukuqonda iziphumo kuluntu lwabantu, isayensi yezentlalo iyafuneka.

Ngenkxaso evela ku-NOAA, i-TOF iqulunqa isakhelo sovavanyo lomngcipheko we-asidi yolwandle ePuerto Rico, kunye namaqabane kwiYunivesithi yaseHawai'i kunye nePuerto Rico Sea Grant. Uvavanyo lubandakanya ukuqonda isayensi yendalo - yeyiphi idatha yokubeka iliso kunye novavanyo olungasixelela ngekamva lasePuerto Rico - kodwa kunye nesayensi yezentlalo. Ngaba uluntu sele lubona utshintsho? Baziva njani ukuba imisebenzi yabo kunye noluntu luyachaphazeleka kwaye luya kuchaphazeleka? Ekuqhubeni olu vavanyo, senze imodeli enokuthi iphinde iphindeke kwenye indawo egciniweyo yedatha, kwaye siqeshe abafundi bendawo ukuba basincede siphumeze uphando lwethu. Olu luvavanyo lokuqala lwe-NOAA ye-Acidification ye-Acidification ye-Ocean-eluxhaswa ngemali kwingingqi yokuhlola ukuba semngciphekweni ukuze kugxininiswe kummandla wase-US kwaye kuya kugqama njengomzekelo kwiinzame zexesha elizayo ngelixa unikezela ngolwazi oluphambili malunga nommandla ongamelwanga.

Zibandakanye: Ukomeleza kunye nokukhulisa inethiwekhi yethu

Ukwakha intsebenziswano kunye nentsebenziswano nabachaphazelekayo.

Ngaphandle nje kokunciphisa iindleko zokubeka iliso, sikwasebenzela ukuphucula amandla abaphandi ukukhokela iinkqubo zokubeka esweni eziyilwe ekuhlaleni, ukuzidibanisa nezinye iingcali, nokuququzelela ukutshintshiselana ngezixhobo zobugcisa kunye nezixhobo. Ukusukela ngo-Epreli ka-2023, siqeqeshe abaphandi abangaphezulu kwe-150 abavela kumazwe angaphezu kwama-25. Njengoko beqokelela uluhlu lwedatha ngemeko yendawo eselunxwemeni, siye sibanxibelelanise nemithombo yokunceda ekufumaneni olo lwazi lufakwe kuluhlu olubanzi lwedatha njenge Injongo yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo 14.3.1 portal, ehlanganisa idatha ye-asidi yolwandle evela kwihlabathi jikelele.

Ukwakhiwa koMmandla kwi-Ocean Acidification Monitoring kwi-Gulf of Guinea (BIOTTA)

Ukwenziwa kweasidi yolwandle ngumba wehlabathi jikelele kunye neepateni zasekhaya kunye neziphumo. Intsebenziswano yommandla ngundoqo ekuqondeni ukuba i-asidi yolwandle iyichaphazela njani i-ikhosistim kunye neentlobo kunye nokunyuka kwesicwangciso esiyimpumelelo sokunciphisa nokuziqhelanisa. I-TOF ixhasa intsebenziswano yengingqi kwiGulf of Guinea ngokusebenzisa i-Building CapacIty kwi-Ocean AcdificaTion MoniToring kwiprojekthi yeGulf of GuineA (BIOTTA), ekhokelwa nguDkt Edem Mahu kunye nokusebenza eBenin, eCameroon, eCôte d'Ivoire, eGhana, kunye neNigeria. Ngothelelwano neendawo ekugxilwe kuzo ezisuka kwilizwe ngalinye elimelweyo kunye nomnxibelelanisi wabafundi kwiYunivesithi yaseGhana, i-TOF ibonelele ngemephu yendlela yothethathethwano nabachaphazelekayo, uhlolo lwezibonelelo, kunye nokubekwa kweliso kwingingqi kunye nokuveliswa kwedatha. I-TOF ikwasebenzela ukuthumela izixhobo zokubeka iliso kumahlakani eBIOTTA kunye nokulungelelanisa umntu kunye noqeqesho olukude.

Ukumisa iZiqithi zePasifiki njengendawo yoPhando lwe-OA

I-TOF ibonelele ngeGOA-ON kwiikiti zeBhokisi kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwiZiqithi zePasifiki. Kwaye, ngokubambisana noLawulo lweSizwe lweOceanic kunye ne-Atmospheric, siye sakhetha kwaye saxhasa iziko elitsha loqeqesho le-asidi yolwandle, Iziko leAcidification yeZiqithi zePasifiki (PIOAC) eSuva, eFiji. Lo ngumzamo odibeneyo okhokelwa yi-Pacific Community (SPC), iYunivesithi yaseSouth Pacific (USP), iYunivesithi yaseOtago, kunye neNew Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). Eli ziko yindawo yokuhlanganisana yabo bonke abakummandla ukuze bafumane uqeqesho lwenzululwazi ye-OA, basebenzise izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokubeka iliso kwikhemistri yolwandle, bachole iindawo ezisecaleni zezixhobo zekhithi, kwaye bafumane isikhokelo ngolawulo lomgangatho wedatha/ukuqinisekiswa nokulungiswa kwezixhobo. Ukongeza ekuncedeni ukuqokelela ubuchule bengingqi obubonelelwa ngabasebenzi be-carbonate chemistry, izinzwa, ulawulo lwedatha, kunye nothungelwano lwengingqi, sikwasebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-PIOAC isebenza njengendawo esembindini yokuhamba uqeqesho kunye ne-GOA-ON ezimbini ezizinikeleyo kwi. iikhithi zeBhokisi kunye nokuthatha iinxalenye ezisecaleni ukunciphisa ixesha kunye neendleko zokulungisa nasiphi na isixhobo.

Umthetho: Ukuqulunqa uMgaqo-nkqubo

Ukuwisa umthetho oxhasa inzululwazi, uthomalalisa ubumuncu wolwandle, kwaye unceda uluntu ukuba luziqhelanise.

Ukunciphisa okwenyani kunye nokuziqhelanisa nolwandle olutshintshayo kufuna umgaqo-nkqubo. Ukubeka iliso okuqinileyo kunye neenkqubo zophando zifuna inkxaso-mali yesizwe ukuba izinzile. Amanyathelo athile okuthomalalisa kunye nokuziqhelanisa kufuneka alungelelaniswe ngokwemilinganiselo yasekhaya, yommandla neyesizwe. Nangona ulwandle lungazi mida, iinkqubo zomthetho zohluka kakhulu, kwaye ke izisombululo zesiko kufuneka zenziwe.

Kwinqanaba lommandla, sinxibelelana noorhulumente baseCaribbean abangamaQela kwiNgqungquthela yaseCartagena kwaye baxhase uphuhliso lokubeka iliso kunye nezicwangciso zokwenza kwi-Western Indian Ocean.

Kwinqanaba likazwelonke, sisebenzisa incwadi yethu yesikhokelo sowiso-mthetho, siye saqeqesha abezomthetho eMexico ngokubaluleka kwe-asidi yolwandle kwaye siyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngeengcebiso kwiingxoxo eziqhubekayo zomgaqo-nkqubo kwilizwe elinonxweme olubalulekileyo kunye nezilwanyana zasendle kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Siye sasebenzisana noRhulumente wasePeru ukunceda ukuqhubela phambili inyathelo lesizwe ukuqonda kunye nokusabela kwi-asidi yolwandle.

Cela iNcwadi yesiKhokelo

Kwinqanaba lamazwe angaphantsi, sisebenza kunye namalungu owiso-mthetho ekuphuhliseni nasekuphunyezweni kwemithetho emitsha ukuxhasa ukucwangciswa kwe-asidi yolwandle kunye nokuziqhelanisa.

Sincedisa ekwakheni inzululwazi, umgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nobuchule bobuchule babasebenzi abakhokela amanyathelo okwenziwa kweasidi yolwandle kwihlabathi liphela nakumazwe abo.

Senza izixhobo ezisebenzayo kunye nezixhobo eziyilelwe ukusebenza kwihlabathi liphela - kubandakanya uMntla Merika, iZiqithi zePasifiki, iAfrika, iLatin America, kunye neCaribbean. Senza oku ngokusebenzisa:

Ukudibanisa uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye neengcali ze-R&D ukuyila izinto ezintsha ezifikelelekayo, ezivulelekileyo zobuchwepheshe kunye nokuququzelela ukutshintshiselana ngezixhobo zobugcisa kunye nezixhobo.

Funda nzulu

Ukubamba uqeqesho kwihlabathi jikelele kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso yexesha elide ngokusebenzisa izixhobo, i-stipends, kunye nokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo.

Funda nzulu

Iinzame ezikhokelayo zenkxaso kwimigaqo-nkqubo yokwenziwa kweasidi yolwandle kwinqanaba lesizwe kunye nelesizwe kunye nokunceda oorhulumente bafune izisombululo kumanqanaba ezizwe ngezizwe nawengingqi.

Funda nzulu

Ukubonisa imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali kubugcisa obutsha, obulula, obufikelelekayo bokumelana nokutshintsha kweemeko zolwandle.

Ngaphandle kwesoyikiso esikhulu esisibeka kwiplanethi yethu, kusekho izikhewu ezibalulekileyo ekuqondeni kwethu inzululwazi kunye neziphumo ze-asidi yolwandle. Ekuphela kwendlela yokuyiyeka ngokwenene kukumisa yonke i-CO₂ izinto ezikhutshwayo. Kodwa, ukuba siyayiqonda into eyenzekayo kwingingqi, sinokuyila ulawulo, ukunciphisa, kunye nezicwangciso zokulungelelanisa ezikhusela uluntu olubalulekileyo, i-ecosystem, kunye neentlobo.

Usuku lokuSebenza lwe-Ocean Acidification

Funda nzulu

IZIXHOBO EZINGAKUMBI

Inyathelo loBulungisa kwiNzululwazi yoLwandle | Ukwakhiwa kwamandla | iDiplomacy yeNzululwazi yoLwandle
Ukuxhobisa ooSonzululwazi noluntu | Ubambiswano olubonakalayo: Ummandla waseNtshona Afrika

IINJONGO EZINXULUMENE NOPHUHLISO OLUZIZINYO (Ii-SDGs)