Amaqela oLwandle anoKukhawulezisa uHlumo kuQoqosho oluZinzileyo oluBlue lwaseMelika

Abantu bazizilwanyana zentlalo; siyazuza ekusebenzisaneni nabanye okubangela ukuba ubuchopho bethu buvuselele iimbono ezintsha kwaye sifumane iindlela zokuyila ezinokuthi zihlale zifihliwe. Ukanti kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, ubhubhani wehlabathi unciphise amava omsebenzi wentsebenziswano ukuba a de minimus inqanaba. Ngoku, njengokuba umhlaba uqalisa ukuvela, amathuba entsebenziswano aqalwa ukuba abe ngabaqhubi ababalulekileyo bokusungula izinto ezintsha, ukuvumela amashishini amancinci kunye nabaqalayo ukuba bafumane amaqabane aneseti zezakhono ezincomekayo, ukudala uqoqosho lwesikali, kunye nokuvumela abangeneli abatsha ukuba bakhuphisane nabo. waseka izigebenga zamashishini ngeendlela ezinokuthi zishukumise imeko ekhoyo.

Njengoko sijongene nengxaki edibeneyo, ekhoyo yokutshintsha kwemozulu ukuba imeko edibeneyo ifuna ukuphazamiseka. Omnye ummandla onokuthi usebenze njengowona mthombo uphambili, ongasetyenziswanga wezisombululo ezizinzileyo, ezihlonipha imo engqongileyo kukuvela Uqoqosho oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kwaye oosomashishini bajikeleze i-United States nakwihlabathi liphela bangena kuloo mathuba kwii-coops ezisakhasayo ezaziwa ngokuba yi-Ocean okanye i-BlueTech Clusters. Ngo-2021, i-Ocean Foundation yapapasha "I-Blue Wave: Ukutyala imali kwii-BlueTech Clusters ukugcina ubuNkokheli kunye nokukhuthaza ukuKhula koQoqosho kunye nokudala imisebenzi”. Le ngxelo inika iinkcukacha ngentsingiselo evelayo yokuphuhlisa imibutho yeqela egxile kuphuhliso lweseti engundoqo yoQoqosho oluLuhlaza oluzinzileyo eMelika. 

UMichael Porter, unjingalwazi kwiSikolo soShishino saseHarvard, uye wakha umsebenzi wakhe malunga nokuchaza ixabiso elongezelelweyo elidlalwa ngendawo yokuhlala ekwakhiweni kothungelwano oluxabisekileyo lophuhliso lwamashishini esymbiotic, kwaye ubiza ezi nkqubo zoqoqosho “maqela.” Kwiminyaka yakutsha nje, iinkokeli zokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha zolwandle ziye zamkela intshukumo yeqela kwaye zibandakanya ngakumbi imfundiso yeBlue Economy kwaye zithatha ithuba letriple helix yeshishini, imfundo, kunye norhulumente ukukhuthaza amathuba okukhula koqoqosho oluzinzileyo. 

Ukuqonda ukuba "yonke impucuko enkulu kwimbali ibiyeyona ndawo inamandla yobugcisa bolwandle," ingxelo yeSiseko seOcean yabiza iUnited States ukuba "isungule iApollo-style 'Blue Wave Mission' egxile kubuchwephesha obutsha kunye nenkonzo yokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kolwandle. kunye nemithombo yamanzi acocekileyo.” 

Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, urhulumente wobumbano wenze iinzame zokuqala zokuxhasa imibutho yeqela lolwandle, kubandakanywa noLawulo loPhuhliso loQoqosho (EDA) “Yakha kwiSikali” Inkqubo yesibonelelo equka uQoqosho oluLuhlaza njengendawo ekugxilwe kuyo.

Kwinyanga ephelileyo, uSenator waseAlaska uLisa Murkowski wathatha loo ngubo waza wazisa umthetho omtsha ngokubambisana noSen. Maria Cantwell (D, WA) kunye nomanyano lwabalingane be-bipartisan abavela kwimimandla emine yase-US yonxweme. Lo mthetho uyilwayo uya kukhawulezisa uphuhliso lombutho osele umiliselwe elizweni jikelele. Elo tyala, S. 3866, uMthetho weThuba loMmandla we-Ocean kunye ne-Innovation Act ka-2022, iza kubonelela ngenkxaso yomanyano kwimibutho yamaqela olwandle asakhulayo kwilizwe lonke ukukhuthaza “uphando lwezobuchwepheshe nophuhliso, uqeqesho lwemisebenzi, kunye nobuhlakani bamacandelo ahlukeneyo.” 

Ukuthatha inzuzo yengozi yembali eyaqala ukuseka iNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) kwiSebe lezoRhwebo ekusekweni kwayo kwi-1970 kunokuba iSebe elicacileyo leNdawo yangaphakathi, ibhili iyalela uNobhala wezoRhwebo ukuba atyumbe kwaye axhase iqela. imibutho kwimimandla esixhenxe yelizwe, ukulungelelanisa i-acumen yoshishino ye-EDA kunye nobuchule benzululwazi be-NOAA. Igunyazisa inkxaso-mali yokuxhasa imisebenzi kunye nolawulo kunye nokusekwa kweendawo zokusebenza ezibonakalayo ezibalulekileyo ekwakhiweni kwentsebenziswano ye-transdisciplinary ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni "okukhulu kunesixa samalungu" anokubakho ukuba imodeli yeqela yenza ukuba kwenzeke.

AmaQela e-Ocean okanye eBlueTech sele emilisele iingcambu kulo lonke ilizwe njengoko le mephu yebali ebonisa "i-BlueTech Clusters of America" ​​ibonisa ngokucacileyo, kunye nesakhono sophuhliso lweBlue Economy kwingingqi nganye icace kakhulu. IsiCwangciso seQhinga loQoqosho lweBlue ye-NOAA 2021-2025, ekhutshwe ngo-2018, ifumanise ukuba “ibe negalelo elimalunga neebhiliyoni ezingama-373 zeerandi kwingeniso yelizwe, ixhasa imisebenzi engaphezulu kwe-2.3 yezigidi, kwaye ikhule ngokukhawuleza kunoqoqosho lweli lizwe lilonke.” 

Ngokudala amathuba - iindawo ezibonakalayo okanye uthungelwano olubonakalayo lwabavelisi beengqondo ezizinzileyo kunye noosomashishini - amaqela angadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenziseni la mathuba. Le modeli sele ingqineke iyimpumelelo kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, ngakumbi eYurophu apho imizekelo yaseNorway, eFransi, eSpain, nasePortugal ikhulise utyalo-mali lukarhulumente kuhlumo olubonakalayo kwi-Blue Economy metrics. 

E-United States, sibona le mifuziselo ikhula kwi-Pacific Northwest apho imibutho efana ne-Maritime Blue kunye ne-Alaska Ocean Cluster ixhamle kwinkxaso eyomeleleyo yecandelo likarhulumente kuzo zombini iinkqubo zikarhulumente kunye norhulumente. I-TMA BlueTech esekwe eSan Diego, owamkelwa kwangoko wase-US wemodeli yeqela leshishini elitsha, isekelwe kubulungu engenzi nzuzo kunye nemibutho ethatha inxaxheba kulo lonke elase-US nakwamanye amazwe inceda ukuxhasa iindleko zokusebenza zombutho weqela ngokwalo.

Kwezinye iimeko, ezifana neNew England Ocean Cluster esePortland, eMaine, iqela lisebenza phantse ngokupheleleyo njengequmrhu lengeniso, lilandela iplani esekwe yi-Iceland Ocean Cluster eReykjavik. Imodeli yase-Iceland yingqondo yoMseki kunye ne-CEO, uThor Sigfusson. Umbutho wakhe, owasekwa kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, waphehlelelwa ngenjongo yokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwentlanzi yaselwandle yaseIceland, icod. Ubukhulu becala ngenxa yezinto ezintsha ezivele kwintsebenziswano kwiqela, ukusetyenziswa kuye inyuke ukusuka malunga ne-50% yentlanzi ukuya kwi-80%, ukudala iimveliso ezinokuthengiswa njengezongezo zokutya, ufele, i-biopharmaceuticals, kunye neemveliso zobuhle ezivela kwinto ebikade ithathwa njengenxalenye yenkunkuma.

Njengoko urhulumente wase-US esiya ejonge kumaqela olwandle ukunika amandla kuQoqosho oluluhlaza, zonke iindlela zombutho wamaqela ziya kufumana indawo yokukhula ngayo nayiphi na indlela efanelekileyo nefanelekileyo kwimimandla apho imibutho iphuhla khona. Yintoni eya kusebenza kwiGulf of Mexico, umzekelo, apho i-oyile kunye negesi yegesi ingumqhubi omkhulu wezoqoqosho kwaye kukho imbali ende yotyalo-mali lukaRhulumente, imodeli eyahlukileyo iya kufuneka kunaseNew England kunye namashishini amaninzi alwela ukufikelela. Kumda wamanzi kunye ne-tech ekhulayo kunye ne-hub entsha e-Boston nase-Cambridge evele yandisa ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-400 yembali esebenzayo yamanzi. 

Ngeendlela ezininzi ngoku eziqhubela phambili ngotyalo-mali lwecandelo labucala kunye nohlaziyo lukarhulumente ngqalelo, amaqela olwandle alungele ukuqalisa uphuhliso lwamathuba oqoqosho oluzinzileyo kuQoqosho oluBlue lwaseMelika. Njengoko umhlaba ubuyela kwisibetho kwaye uqala ukujongana nemfuneko yesenzo semozulu, baya kuba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni ikamva lesijikelezi-langa sethu solwandle esimangalisayo. 

UMichael Conathan nguMsebenzi oMkhulu woMgaqo-nkqubo woLwandle kunye neMozulu kunye neNkqubo yezaMandla nokusiNgqongileyo yeZiko le-Aspen kunye nomcebisi ozimeleyo womgaqo-nkqubo wolwandle osebenza kwi-New England Ocean Cluster ePortland, eMaine.