Ubomi boLwandle bunokunceda ukuNciphisa uTshintsho lweMozulu: Isifundo esitsha

Izilwanyana eziphilayo zigcina ikhabhoni. Ukuba uthatha intlanzi elwandle kwaye uyidle, isitokhwe sekhabhoni kuloo ntlanzi siyanyamalala elwandle. Ikhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yaseOcean ibhekisa kwiindlela zendalo ezinokuthi izilwanyana zaselwandle (kungekhona nje intlanzi) zincede zibambe kwaye zicuthe ikhabhoni, ezinokuthi zithobe ifuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu.

Elwandle, ikhabhoni iqukuqela kuthungelwano lokutya. Iqala ilungiswe ngephotosynthesis yiphytoplankton kumphezulu. Ngokusetyenziswa, ikhabhoni iye idluliselwe kwaye igcinwe kwimizimba yezityalo ezitya izityalo zaselwandle ezifana nekrill. Ngokutyhoboza, ikhabhoni iqokelelana kwii-vertebrates ezinkulu zaselwandle ezifana nesardadi, ookrebe, kunye neminenga.

Iminenga iqokelela ikhabhon emizimbeni yayo ebudeni bobomi bayo obude, eminye yayo ifikelela kwiminyaka engama-200. Xa zifile, zitshona emazantsi olwandle, zihamba nekhabhoni. Research ibonisa ukuba umnenga ngamnye omkhulu othungayo malunga neetoni ezingama-33 zecarbon dioxide ngokomlinganiselo. Umthi ngexesha elifanayo ugalela kuphela ukuya kwi-3 pesenti yekhabhoni yokufunxa komnenga.

Ezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle zigcina umlinganiselo omncinci wekhabhoni ixesha elifutshane. Umthamo wabo opheleleyo wogcino waziwa ngokuba yi "biomass carbon". Ukukhusela kunye nokuphucula iivenkile ze-oceanic blue carbon carbon kwizilwanyana zaselwandle kunokukhokelela kulondolozo kunye neenzuzo zokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu.

Uphononongo lokulinga lophononongo lusanda kwenziwa kwi-United Arab Emirates (UAE) ukunceda ukuqonda okunokubakho kwi-oceanic blue carbon ekujonganeni nomngeni wehlabathi wokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuxhasa ushishino lokuloba oluzinzileyo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo waselwandle.

Iprojekthi yokulinga ye-UAE yagunyaziswa yi-Abu-Dhabi Global Environmental Data Initiative (AGEDI), yaze yaxhaswa ngenkxaso-mali evela kwiBlue Climate Solutions, iprojekthi ye. Isiseko soLwandle, kunye neNkqubo yokusiNgqongileyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (UNEP) ngokusebenzisa IGRID-Arendal, eyenza kwaye iphumeze i I-Global Environmental Facility Blue Forest Project.

Uphononongo lusebenzise iiseti zedatha ezikhoyo kunye neendlela zokulinganisa kunye nokuvavanya umthamo weentlanzi, iicetaceans, iidugongs, ufudo lwaselwandle, kunye neentaka zolwandle ezihlala kwicandelo lemekobume yaselwandle ye-UAE ukugcina kunye nokuhlutha ikhabhoni.

"Uhlalutyo lumele uphicotho lokuqala lwehlabathi lwe-oceanic blue carbon kunye novavanyo lomgaqo-nkqubo kwinqanaba likazwelonke kwaye luya kuvumela umgaqo-nkqubo ofanelekileyo kunye namaziko olawulo e-UAE ukuba avavanye ukhetho lokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo ye-oceanic blue carbon kumanqanaba asekhaya nakwazwelonke," utsho. U-Ahmed Abdulmuttaleb Baharoon, uMlawuli oBambeleyo we-AGEDI. "Lo msebenzi uqaphela ngamandla amandla okugcinwa kunye nokulawulwa okuzinzileyo kwezinto eziphilayo zaselwandle ukuba ziqatshelwe njengesisombululo esibalulekileyo esisekelwe kwindalo kumngeni wemozulu yehlabathi," uyongezelela.

I-biomass carbon yenye ye iindlela ezilithoba ezichongiweyo ze-oceanic blue carbon apho izilwanyana zaselwandle zinokulamla ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokuthinjwa.

UAE uphicotho lwekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yolwandle

Enye injongo yophononongo lwe-UAE yayikukuvavanya iivenkile zekhabhoni ze-vertebrate biomass ezigxile kwi-Abu Dhabi emirate, apho uninzi lwedatha ebisele ikhona.

Ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni ye-biomass kwavavanywa ngeendlela ezimbini. Okokuqala, ilahleko yokugcinwa kwekhabhoni yebhayomass yaqikelelwa ngokuhlalutya idatha yokubanjiswa kweshishini lokuloba. Okwesibini, isakhono sangoku sokugcinwa kwekhabhoni yebhayomass (oko kukuthi, i-biomass carbon stand stock) yezilwanyana ezincancisayo zaselwandle, amafudo olwandle neentaka zolwandle zaqikelelwa ngokuhlalutya idatha yobuninzi. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwedatha ngobuninzi beentlanzi ngexesha lokuhlalutya, intlanzi ayizange ifakwe kuqikelelo lwe-biomass carbon stand stock, kodwa ezi datha kufuneka zibandakanywe kwizifundo zexesha elizayo.

Uphononongo luqikelele ukuba ngo-2018, iitoni ezingama-532 zesakhono sokugcinwa kwekhabhoni yebhayomass zalahleka ngenxa yokubanjiswa kwezokuloba. Oku kuphantse kulingane neetoni eziqikelelwayo ezingama-520 ze-biomass carbon emi kwisitokhwe sezilwanyana zaselwandle, amafudo olwandle, kunye neentaka zolwandle e-Abu Dhabi emirate.

Esi sitokhwe se-biomass carbon simiyo senziwe ngeedugong (51%), amafudo olwandle (24%), amahlengesi (19%), kunye neentaka zolwandle (6%). Kwiintlobo ezingama-66 ezihlalutyiweyo (iintlobo zokuloba ezingama-53, iintlobo ezintathu zezilwanyana ezanyisayo zaselwandle, iintlobo ezimbini zofudo lwaselwandle, kunye neentlobo ezisibhozo zeentaka zaselwandle) kolu phononongo, ezisibhozo (12%) zinemo yolondolozo ezisengozini okanye ngaphezulu.

"I-Biomass carbon - kunye ne-oceanic blue carbon ngokubanzi-yenye yeenkonzo ezininzi ze-ecosystem ezibonelelwa zezi ntlobo kwaye ke akufuneki zijongwe zodwa okanye zithathe indawo yezinye iindlela zolondolozo," utshilo uHeidi Pearson, ingcali yezilwanyana zaselwandle. IYunivesithi yaseAlaska kuMzantsi-mpuma kunye nombhali okhokelayo wesifundo sekhabhoni yebhayomass. 

"Ukukhuselwa kunye nokwandiswa kweevenkile zekhabhoni ze-vertebrate biomass zinokuba sesinye sezicwangciso ezininzi zokucwangcisa ulondolozo kunye nokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu kwi-UAE," uyongezelela.

UMongameli weOcean Foundation uMark Spalding uthi: “Iziphumo zingqina ukubaluleka kweminenga nezinye izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle ukuze kuthomalaliswe imozulu. "Kubalulekile ukuba uluntu lwehlabathi luqwalasele obu bungqina njengenxalenye yemigudu yabo eqhubekayo yokulawula nokubuyisela ubomi baselwandle kunye nokujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu yehlabathi," uyongezelela.

Uvavanyo lomgaqo-nkqubo we-Oceanic blue carbon

Enye injongo yeprojekthi yayikukuphonononga ukusebenza kwe-oceanic blue carbon njengesixhobo somgaqo-nkqubo ukuxhasa ulawulo oluzinzileyo lwemithombo yolwandle kunye nokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

Uphononongo lukwavavanye abachaphazelekayo bemekobume engaselunxwemeni naselwandle abangama-28 ukuhlola ulwazi, izimo zengqondo, kunye neembono zengqikelelo ye-oceanic blue carbon kunye nokufaneleka kwayo kumgaqo-nkqubo. Uvavanyo lomgaqo-nkqubo lufumanise ukuba ukusetyenziswa komgaqo-nkqubo we-oceanic blue carbon unomgaqo-nkqubo obalulekileyo wokubaluleka kwimimandla yokutshintsha kwemozulu, ulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, kunye nolawulo lwamashishini okuloba kuzwelonke, kwingingqi nakumazwe ngamazwe.

"Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba bophando bavumile ukuba ukuqatshelwa kwexabiso le-oceanic blue carbon kufuneka kwandiswe kwaye kufuneka kufakwe kwizicwangciso zokulondoloza kunye nokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu" utsho uSteven Lutz, ingcali yekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwi-GRID-Arendal kunye nokukhokela. umbhali wovavanyo lomgaqo-nkqubo. "Nangona imfuneko yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, olu phando luqinisekisa ukuba ulondolozo lwaselwandle njengeqhinga lokunciphisa imozulu lunokwenzeka, luya kwamkelwa kakuhle kwaye lunamandla amakhulu," uyongezelela.

UIsabelle Vanderbeck, ingcaphephe yezinto eziphilayo nemekobume yaselwandle kwiUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) uthi: “Ezi ziphumo zezokuqala ehlabathini yaye zinegalelo elikhulu kwiincoko eziphathelele ukulondolozwa nokulawulwa kolwandle kwimeko yokutshintsha kwemozulu.

“Ikhabhoni ezuba elwandle inokuba yinxalenye yoluhlu lweenkcukacha ezisetyenziswa kuphuhliso lwezicwangciso-qhinga zokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu, ushishino lokuloba oluzinzileyo, umgaqo-nkqubo wolondolozo, kunye nokucwangciswa kwendawo yaselwandle. Olu phando luvala kakhulu umsantsa phakathi kolondolozo lwaselwandle kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wokutshintsha kwemozulu kwaye lufanelekile kakhulu kwiintshukumo zaselwandle ekulindeleke ukuba kuxoxwe ngazo kwinkomfa yalo nyaka yokutshintsha kwemozulu yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngoNovemba,” wongezelela.

The Ishumi leminyaka leZizwe eziManyeneyo leNzululwazi yoLwandle kuPhuhliso oluZinzileyo (2021-2030) ebhengezwe ngoDisemba 2017, iya kubonelela ngesakhelo esifanayo sokuqinisekisa ukuba inzululwazi yolwandle inokuxhasa ngokupheleleyo izenzo zamazwe zokulawula iilwandle ngokuzinzileyo kwaye ngakumbi ukuphumeza i-Ajenda yowama-2030 yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo.

Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe, nceda uqhagamshelane noSteven Lutz (GRID-Arendal): [imeyile ikhuselwe] okanye uGabriel Grimsditch (UNEP): [imeyile ikhuselwe] okanye Isabelle Vanderbeck (UNEP): [imeyile ikhuselwe]