ULwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwaseLwandle kunye noTshintsho lokuZiphatha ngoLondolozo

BUYELA KUPHANDO

Isiqulatho

1. intshayelelo
2. Iziseko zoLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwaseLwandle
- 2.1 Ushwankathelo
- 2.2 IziCwangciso zoNxibelelwano
3. Ukutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha
- 3.1. isishwankathelo
- 3.2. Isicelo
- 3.3. Uvelwano oluSekwe kwiNdalo
4. Education
- 4.1 I-STEM kunye noLwandle
- 4.2 Izibonelelo zootitshala be-K-12
5. Ukwahluka, ubulungisa, ukuBandakanya, kunye noBulungisa
6. Imigangatho, iindlela, kunye nezalathisi

1. intshayelelo

Omnye weyona miqobo ibalulekileyo kwinkqubela phambili kwicandelo lolondolozo lwaselwandle kukunqongophala kokuqonda ngokwenene ukubaluleka, ukuba sesichengeni, kunye noqhakamshelwano lweenkqubo zolwandle. Uphando lubonisa ukuba uluntu aluxhotyiswanga ngokwaneleyo ngolwazi malunga nemiba yolwandle kunye nokufikelela kulwazi lokufunda nolwandle njengenkalo yokufunda kunye nekhondo lekhondo elisebenzayo ngokwembali ibingalingani. Eyona projekthi ingundoqo yeOcean Foundation, i Fundisa iNyathelo loLwandlekazi, yasekwa ngo-2022 ukulungisa le ngxaki. I-Teach For the Ocean izinikele ekutshintsheni indlela esifundisa ngayo malunga ulwandle lube zizixhobo kunye nobuchule obukhuthaza iipateni ezintsha kunye nemikhwa kuba ulwandle. Ukuxhasa le nkqubo, eli phepha lophando lijonge ukubonelela ngesishwankathelo sedatha yangoku kunye neendlela zakutsha nje malunga nolwazi lokufunda nolwandle kunye notshintsho lokuziphatha ngolondolozo kunye nokuchonga izikhewu ezinokuzaliswa yi-Ocean Foundation ngeli nyathelo.

Yintoni ulwazi lolwandle?

Ngelixa eyona ngcaciso ichanekileyo yahluka phakathi kopapasho, ngamabinzana alula, ukufunda nolwandle kukuqonda impembelelo yolwandle ebantwini nakwihlabathi liphela. Yindlela umntu azi ngayo ngokusingqongileyo kolwandle kunye nendlela impilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle kolwandle kunokuchaphazela wonke umntu, kunye nolwazi olubanzi lolwandle kunye nobomi obukulo, ukwakheka kwalo, umsebenzi, kunye nendlela yokunxibelelana oku. ulwazi kwabanye.

Yintoni utshintsho lokuziphatha?

Ukutshintsha kokuziphatha kuphononongo lokuba abantu batshintsha njani kwaye kutheni abantu betshintsha isimo sabo sengqondo kunye nokuziphatha, kunye nendlela abantu abanokukhuthaza ngayo isenzo ukukhusela okusingqongileyo. Njengokufunda nolwandle, kukho ingxoxo malunga nengcaciso echanekileyo yokutshintsha kokuziphatha, kodwa ihlala ibandakanya izimvo ezibandakanya ithiyori yezengqondo kunye nezimo zengqondo kunye nokwenza izigqibo malunga nolondolozo.

Yintoni enokwenziwa ukunceda ukulungisa izikhewu kwimfundo, uqeqesho kunye nothethathethwano noluntu?

Indlela yokufunda yolwandle ye-TOF igxile kwithemba, isenzo, kunye nokutshintsha kokuziphatha, isihloko esinzima esixoxwa nguMongameli we-TOF uMark J. Spalding yethu blog ngo-2015. I-Teach For the Ocean ibonelela ngeemodyuli zoqeqesho, ingcaciso kunye nezibonelelo zothungelwano, kunye neenkonzo zokucebisa ukuxhasa uluntu lwethu lootitshala baselwandle njengoko besebenza kunye ukuqhubela phambili indlela yabo yokufundisa kunye nokuphuhlisa indlela yabo yokufundisa ukuhambisa utshintsho oluzinzileyo lokuziphatha. Ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga noFundisa uLwandle lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lethu lokuqala, Apha.

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2. ULwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwaseLwandle

2.1 Ushwankathelo

Marrero kunye Payne. (Juni 2021). ULwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwaseLwandle: Ukusuka kwiRipple ukuya kumaza. Kwincwadi ethi: Ocean Literacy: Understanding the Ocean, iphe.21-39. I-DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70155-0_2 https://www.researchgate.net/publication /352804017_Ocean_Literacy_Understanding _the_Ocean

Kukho isidingo esinamandla solwazi lokufunda nolwandle kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe kuba ulwandle ludlula imida yamazwe. Le ncwadi ibonelela ngenkqubo yeendidi ezininzi kwimfundo yolwandle kunye nokufunda. Esi sahluko sibonelela ngokukodwa ngembali yolwazi lokufunda nolwandle, sinxibelelanisa neNjongo ye-14 yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, kwaye sinika iingcebiso zokuphucula unxibelelwano neenkqubo zemfundo. Isahluko siqala e-United States kwaye sandise umda wokugubungela izindululo zezicelo zehlabathi.

Marrero, ME, Payne, DL, & Breidahl, H. (2019). Ityala leNtsebenziswano yokuNyanzeliswa koLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwaseLwandle lweHlabathi. Imida kwiNzululwazi yaseLwandle, 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00325 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 333941293_The_Case_for_Collaboration_ to_Foster_Global_Ocean_Literacy

Ukwazi ukufunda nolwandle kuphuhliswe kwiinzame zentsebenziswano phakathi kwabahlohli abasesikweni nabangekho sikweni, izazinzulu, iingcali zikarhulumente, kunye nabanye ababenomdla ekucaciseni into ekufuneka abantu bayazi malunga nolwandle. Ababhali bagxininisa indima yothungelwano lwemfundo yaselwandle kumsebenzi wolwazi lokufunda nolwandle lwehlabathi kwaye baxoxe ngokubaluleka kwentsebenziswano kunye nesenzo sokukhuthaza ikamva lolwandle oluzinzileyo. Eli phepha libonisa ukuba uthungelwano lolwazi lokufunda nolwandle kufuneka lusebenze kunye ngokugxila kubantu kunye nobudlelwane bokudala iimveliso, nangona kuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe ukudala izixhobo ezinamandla, ezingaguqukiyo, kunye nezibandakanya ngakumbi.

Uyarra, MC, kunye noBorja, Á. (2016). Ukwazi ukufunda nolwandle: ingqikelelo 'entsha' yentlalo nendalo kusetyenziso oluzinzileyo lweelwandle. INcwadana yoNgcoliseko lwaseLwandle 104, 1–2. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.060 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 298329423_Ocean_literacy_A_’new’_socio-ecological_concept_for_a_sustainable_use_ of_the_seas

Ukuthelekiswa kovavanyo lombono woluntu lwezoyikiso zaselwandle kunye nokhuseleko kwihlabathi liphela. Uninzi lwabaphenduli bakholelwa ukuba imeko yaselwandle iphantsi komngcipheko. Ungcoliseko lubekwe kwindawo ephezulu lulandelwa kukuloba, ukutshintsha indawo yokuhlala, nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Uninzi lwabaphenduli baxhasa iindawo zaselwandle ezikhuselweyo kwingingqi okanye kwilizwe labo. Uninzi lwabaphenduli bafuna ukubona iindawo ezinkulu zolwandle zikhuselwe kunokuba zinjalo ngoku. Oku kukhuthaza ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wothethathethwano nolwandle njengoko kubonisa ukuba inkxaso yezi nkqubo ikhona nokuba inkxaso yezinye iiprojekthi zolwandle ibingekho.

Gelcich, S., Buckley, P., Pinnegar, JK, Chilvers, J., Lorenzoni, I., Terry, G., et al. (2014). Ukwazisa uluntu, iinkxalabo, kunye nezinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka malunga neempembelelo ze-anthropogenic kwimo engqongileyo yaselwandle. Iinkqubo zeZiko leSizwe leNzululwazi e-USA I-111, 15042-15047. i-Doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1417344111 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 267749285_Public_awareness_concerns_and _priorities_about_anthropogenic_impacts_on _marine_environments

Umgangatho wenkxalabo malunga neempembelelo zaselwandle unxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nenqanaba lolwazi. Ungcoliseko nokuloba ngokugqithisileyo yimimandla emibini ebekwe phambili eluntwini ukuze kuphuhliswe umgaqo-nkqubo. Inqanaba lokuthembela lahluka kakhulu phakathi kwemithombo yolwazi eyahlukeneyo kwaye liphezulu kwizifundiswa kunye noshicilelo lwezifundo kodwa lisezantsi kurhulumente okanye kushishino. Iziphumo zicebisa ukuba uluntu lubona ukukhawuleza kweempembelelo ze-anthropogenic yaselwandle kwaye lukhathazeke kakhulu malunga nongcoliseko lolwandle, ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo, kunye ne-asidi yolwandle. Ukufumana ulwazi loluntu, iinkxalabo, kunye nezinto eziphambili kunokwenza ukuba izazinzulu kunye nabaxhasi baqonde ukuba uluntu lunxulumana njani nemekobume yaselwandle, iimpembelelo zesakhelo, kunye nokulungelelanisa izinto eziphambili ngolawulo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemfuno yoluntu.

IProjekthi ye-Ocean (2011). IMelika kunye noLwandle: uHlaziyo loNyaka luka-2011. Iprojekthi yoLwandle. https://theoceanproject.org/research/

Ukuba noqhagamshelo lobuqu kwimiba yolwandle kubalulekile ekuphumezeni uthethathethwano lwexesha elide nolondolozo. Izithethe zasekuhlaleni zidla ngokuyalela ukuba zeziphi izenzo ezithandwa ngabantu xa besenza isigqibo malunga nezisombululo kwiingxaki zokusingqongileyo. Uninzi lwabantu abandwendwela ulwandle, zoo, kunye ne-aquariums sele bethanda ukulondolozwa kolwandle. Ukuze iiprojekthi zolondolozo zisebenze ixesha elide, izinto ezithile, zasekuhlaleni nezomntu ngamnye kufuneka zigxininiswe kwaye zikhuthazwe. Olu vavanyo luhlaziyo lweMelika, uLwandlekazi, kunye noTshintsho lweMozulu: iiNgcaciso zoPhando olutsha zoLondolozo, uLwazi, kunye nokuSebenza (2009) kunye noNxibelelwano malunga noLwandle: Iziphumo zoPhando lweSizwe (1999).

Isiseko seNational Marine Sanctuary. (2006, Disemba). INkomfa yeNgxelo yoLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala ye-Ocean. NgoJuni 7-8, 2006, eWashington, DC

Le ngxelo isisiphumo sentlanganiso ka-2006 yeNkomfa yeSizwe engoLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala e-Ocean eyayibanjelwe eWashington, DC Ugxininiso lwale nkomfa yayikukuqaqambisa iinzame zoluntu lwemfundo yaselwandle lokuzisa ukufunda ngolwandle kumagumbi okufundela angqonge iMelika. Iforamu yafumanisa ukuba ukuzuza isizwe sabemi abanolwazi lokusebenzisa ulwandle, utshintsho olucwangcisiweyo kwiinkqubo zethu zemfundo esesikweni nengekho sikweni luyimfuneko.

2.2 IziCwangciso zoNxibelelwano

Toomey, A. (2023, February). Kutheni Iinyaniso zingatshintshi iingqondo: Ingqiqo evela kwiNzululwazi yeNzululwazi yoNxibelelwano oluPhuculweyo loPhando loLondolozo. Ulondolozo lwebhayiloji, Umq. 278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication /367764901_Why_facts_don%27t_change _minds_Insights_from_cognitive_science_for_ the_improved_communication_of_ conservation_research

U-Toomey uphonononga kwaye azame ukugxotha iintsomi malunga nendlela yokunxibelelana kakuhle nesayensi ukuze kuthathwe izigqibo, kubandakanya neentsomi ezithi: iinyani zitshintsha iingqondo, ukufunda nokubhala kwezesayensi kuya kukhokelela kuphando olwandisiweyo, utshintsho lwesimo somntu ngamnye luya kutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha edibeneyo, kwaye ukusasazwa okubanzi kokona kulungileyo. Endaweni yoko, ababhali baxoxa ukuba unxibelelwano olusebenzayo lwesayensi luvela: ukubandakanya ingqondo yentlalo ukuze kwenziwe izigqibo ezifanelekileyo, ukuqonda amandla eenqobo ezisemgangathweni, iimvakalelo, kunye namava kwiingqondo eziguqukayo, ukutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha edibeneyo, kunye nokucinga ngobuchule. Olu tshintsho kwimbono yakhela phezu kwamanye amabango kwaye luthethelela isenzo esithe ngqo ngakumbi ukuze kubonwe utshintsho lwexesha elide kunye nolusebenzayo ekuziphatheni.

Hudson, CG, Knight, E., Vala, SL, Landrum, JP, Bednarek, A., & Shouse, B. (2023). Ukubalisa amabali ukuqonda impembelelo yophando: Amabali asuka kwiNkqubo yoLwandlekazi iLenfest. ICES Ijenali yeNzululwazi yaseLwandle, Umqulu. 80, No. 2, 394-400. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsac169. https://www.researchgate.net/publication /364162068_Telling_stories _to_understand_research_impact_narratives _from_the_Lenfest_Ocean_Program?_sg=sT_Ye5Yb3P-pL9a9fUZD5ODBv-dQfpLaqLr9J-Bieg0mYIBcohU-hhB2YHTlUOVbZ7HZxmFX2tbvuQQ

INkqubo yoLwandlekazi iLenfest ibambe uphononongo lokuvavanya unikezelo lwabo lwenkxaso-mali ukuqonda ukuba ngaba iiprojekthi zabo ziyasebenza na ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezifundo. Uhlalutyo lwabo lunika umbono onomdla ngokujonga ukubaliswa kwamabali ukulinganisa ukusebenza kophando. Baye bafumanisa ukuba kukho uncedo olukhulu ekusebenziseni ukubalisa amabali ukuze bazihlaziye kwaye bavavanye ifuthe leeprojekthi zabo ezixhaswa ngemali. Into ephambili ethathwayo kukuba ukuxhasa uphando olujongene neemfuno zabachaphazelekayo baselwandle nabaselunxwemeni lufuna ukucinga ngempembelelo yophando ngendlela egcweleyo kunokubala upapasho oluphononongwe ngontanga.

Kelly, R., Evans, K., Alexander, K., Bettiol, S., Corney, S... Pecl, GT (2022, February). Ukuqhagamshela kwiilwandlekazi: ukuxhasa ukufunda nokubhala kolwandle kunye nokuzibandakanya noluntu. I-Rev Fish Biol Fish. 2022;32(1):123-143. doi: 10.1007/s11160-020-09625-9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 349213591_Connecting_to_the_oceans _supporting _ocean_literacy_and_public_engagement

Ukuphuculwa kokuqonda koluntu lolwandle kunye nokubaluleka kokusetyenziswa kolwandle ngokuzinzileyo, okanye ukufunda nolwandle, kubalulekile ekufezekiseni izibophelelo zehlabathi kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo ngo-2030 nangaphaya. Ababhali bagxininise kubaqhubi abane abanokuba nefuthe kwaye baphucule ukufunda nokubhala kolwandle kunye nokunxibelelana koluntu nolwandle: (1) imfundo, (2) unxibelelwano lwenkcubeko, (3) uphuhliso lwezobuchwepheshe, kunye (4) notshintshiselwano ngolwazi kunye nonxibelelwano lomgaqo-nkqubo wesayensi. Baphonononga indlela umqhubi ngamnye adlala ngayo indima ekuphuculeni iimbono zolwandle ukukhuthaza inkxaso yoluntu ngokubanzi. Ababhali baphuhlisa isixhobo solwazi lokufunda nolwandle, isixhobo esisebenzayo sokuphucula unxibelelwano lolwandle kuluhlu olubanzi lweemeko kwihlabathi liphela.

Knowlton, N. (2021). Ithemba lolwandle: Ukuhamba ngaphaya kwezidumbu kulondolozo lwaselwandle. Uphononongo loNyaka lweNzululwazi yaseLwandle, Umqulu. 13, 479– 499. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040220-101608. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 341967041_Ocean_Optimism_Moving_Beyond _the_Obituaries_in_Marine_Conservation

Ngelixa ulwandle lufumene ilahleko eninzi, kukho ubungqina obandayo bokuba kwenziwa inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kulondolozo lwaselwandle. Uninzi lwezi mpumelelo zineenzuzo ezininzi, kubandakanywa nokuphucula impilo-ntle yabantu. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqonda ngcono indlela yokuphumeza amaqhinga olondolozo ngempumelelo, ubugcisa obutsha kunye nogcino-lwazi, okwandisiweyo kokudityaniswa kwenzululwazi yendalo nezentlalo, nokusetyenziswa kolwazi lwemveli kuthembisa inkqubela phambili eqhubekayo. Akukho sisombululo sinye; Iinzame eziyimpumelelo azikhawulezi kwaye azibizi kwaye zifuna ukuthembana nentsebenziswano. Nangona kunjalo, ugxininiso olukhulu kwizisombululo kunye nempumelelo kuya kubanceda ukuba babe yinto eqhelekileyo kunokuba babe ngumkhethe.

Fielding, S., Copley, JT kunye neMills, RA (2019). Ukuphonononga iiLwandle zethu: Ukusebenzisa iKlasi yeHlabathi ukuphuhlisa uLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwaseLwandle. Imida kwiNzululwazi yaseLwandle 6:340. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00340 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 334018450_Exploring_Our_Oceans_Using _the_Global_Classroom_to_Develop_ Ocean_Literacy

Ukuphuhlisa ukufunda nokubhala kolwandle kwabantu bayo yonke iminyaka abavela kuwo onke amazwe, iinkcubeko, kunye nemvelaphi yezoqoqosho kubalulekile ukwazisa ukhetho lokuphila okuzinzileyo kwikamva, kodwa indlela yokufikelela kunye nokumela amazwi ahlukeneyo ngumceli mngeni. Ukujongana nale ngxaki ababhali badale iiMassive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) ukubonelela ngesixhobo esinokwenzeka ukufezekisa le njongo, njengoko banokufikelela kwinani elikhulu labantu kubandakanya abo basuka kwimimandla ephantsi kunye nephakathi.

Simmons, B., Archie, M., Clark, S., kunye noBraus, J. (2017). Izikhokelo zokuGqwesa: Uthethathethwano noLuntu. Umbutho waseMntla waseMelika kwiMfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo. PDF. https://eepro.naaee.org/sites/default/files/ eepro-post-files/ community_engagement_guidelines_pdf.pdf

I-NAAEE ipapashe izikhokelo zoluntu kunye nezibonelelo ezixhasayo zinika ukuqonda malunga nendlela iinkokeli zoluntu ezinokukhula ngayo njengabafundisi kunye nokukhuthaza ukungafani. Isikhokelo sothethathethwano noluntu siphawula ukuba iimpawu ezintlanu eziphambili zothethathethwano olugqwesileyo ziqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zezi: zijolise kuluntu, zisekwe kwimigaqo yemfundo yendalo esingqongileyo evakalayo, intsebenziswano kunye nebandakanyayo, ejolise kuphuhliso lwezakhono kunye nentshukumo yoluntu, kwaye lutyalo-mali lwexesha elide utshintsho. Ingxelo iqukumbela ngezibonelelo ezongezelelweyo eziya kuba luncedo kubantu abangengabo abafundisi-ntsapho abajonge ukwenza okungakumbi ukunxulumana noluntu lwasekuhlaleni.

Steel, BS, Smith, C., Opsommer, L., Curiel, S., Warner-Steel, R. (2005). ULwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwaseLwandle lwase-United States. Unxweme loLwandle. Umphathi. 2005, Umqu. 48, 97–114. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 223767179_Public_ocean_literacy_in _the_United_States

Olu phononongo luphanda amanqanaba angoku olwazi loluntu malunga nolwandle kwaye lukwaphonononga ulungelelwaniso lokubamba ulwazi. Ngelixa abahlali baselunxwemeni besithi banolwazi oluthe kratya kunabo bahlala kwiindawo ezingaselunxwemeni, bobabini abaphendulayo abaselunxwemeni nabangengawo unxweme banenkathazo yokuchonga amagama abalulekileyo kunye nokuphendula imibuzo yemibuzo yolwandle. Izinga eliphantsi lolwazi malunga nemiba yolwandle lithetha ukuba uluntu lufuna ukufikelela kulwazi olungcono olunikezelwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokumalunga nendlela yokuhambisa ulwazi, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba umabonwakude kunye nonomathotholo banempembelelo embi ekubambeni kolwazi kwaye i-intanethi inempembelelo entle ngokubanzi ekubambeni kolwazi.

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3. Ukutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha

3.1 Ushwankathelo

Thomas-Walters, L., McCallum, J., Montgomery, R., Petros, C., Wan, AKY, Veríssimo, D. (2022, Septemba) Uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo lwamanyathelo olondolozo ukukhuthaza utshintsho lokuziphatha ngokuzithandela. Ulondolozo lwebhayoloji. doi: 10.1111/cobi.14000. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 363384308_Systematic_review _of_conservation_interventions_to_ promote_voluntary_behavior_change

Ukuqonda indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni ungenelelo olukhokelela ngokufanelekileyo kutshintsho lokuziphatha kwendalo. Ababhali baqhube uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo lokuvavanya ukuba ungenelelo olungelulo lwemali kunye nolungenalawulo lube njani na ekutshintsheni indlela yokuziphatha kwendalo, ngeerekhodi ezingaphezulu kwe-300,000 ezigxile kwizifundo zomntu ngamnye ze-128. Uninzi lwezifundo luchaze umphumo omuhle kwaye abaphandi bafumene ubungqina obuqinileyo bokuthi imfundo, i-prompts, kunye nokungenelela kwempendulo kunokubangela utshintsho oluhle lokuziphatha, nangona ukungenelela okusebenzayo kusetyenziswa iintlobo ezininzi zokungenelela ngaphakathi kweprogram enye. Ngaphaya koko, le datha yobungqina ibonisa imfuneko yezifundo ezongezelelekileyo ezinedatha yobungakanani obufunekayo ukuxhasa intsimi ekhulayo yokutshintsha kokuziphatha kokusingqongileyo.

Huckins, G. (2022, Agasti, 18). IPsychology yokuphefumlela kunye nesenzo seMozulu. Intambo. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/ the-psychology-of-inspiring-everyday-climate-action.html

Eli nqaku libonelela ngombono obanzi wendlela ukhetho lomntu ngamnye kunye nemikhwa enokunceda ngayo imozulu kwaye ichaza indlela ukuqonda utshintsho lokuziphatha kunokukhuthaza isenzo. Oku kugxininisa ingxaki ebalulekileyo apho uninzi lwabantu lubona isoyikiso sokutshintsha kwemozulu okubangelwa ngabantu, kodwa bambalwa abayaziyo into abanokuyenza njengabantu ngabanye ukuyinciphisa.

Tavri, P. (2021). I-Gap yesenzo sexabiso: umqobo omkhulu ekuzinziseni utshintsho lokuziphatha. Iileta zezifundo, Inqaku 501. DOI:10.20935 / AL501 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 350316201_Value_action_gap_a_ major_barrier_in_sustaining_behaviour_change

Uncwadi lokutshintsha ukuziphatha okusingqongileyo (olusesikelwe umda xa kuthelekiswa namanye amacandelo okusingqongileyo) lucebisa ukuba kukho umqobo obizwa ngokuba yi-“value action gap”. Ngamanye amazwi, kukho umsantsa ekusetyenzisweni kweethiyori, njengoko ithiyori idla ngokucinga ukuba abantu bangabantu abanengqondo abasebenzisa ulwazi olunikiweyo ngokucwangcisiweyo. Umbhali uqukumbela ngokucebisa ukuba i-gap yesenzo sexabiso ngomnye wemiqobo ephambili yokugcina utshintsho lokuziphatha kwaye kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iindlela zokuphepha iingcamango eziphosakeleyo kunye nokungazi kakuhle kwasekuqaleni xa kusenziwa unxibelelwano, ukubandakanya kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokutshintsha ukuziphatha.

Balmford, A., Bradbury, RB, Bauer, JM, Broad, S. . . Nielsen, KS (2021). Ukwenza ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo ngakumbi kwenzululwazi yokuziphatha kwabantu kungenelelo lolondolozo. Ulondolozo lwebhayiloji, 261, 109256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109256 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 353175141_Making_more_effective _use_of_human_behavioural_science_in _conservation_interventions

Ulondolozo ubukhulu becala sisenzo sokuzama ukutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha komntu. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ababhali baxela ukuba isayensi yokuziphatha ayikho i-bullet yesilivere yolondolozo kwaye ezinye iinguqu zinokuthozama, okwethutyana, kunye nokuxhomekeka kwimeko, kodwa utshintsho lunokwenzeka, nangona uphando oluninzi lufunekayo. Olu lwazi luluncedo ngokukodwa kwabo baphuhlisa iinkqubo ezintsha ezithathela ingqalelo utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha njengoko izikhokelo kunye nemifanekiso ekolu xwebhu ibonelela ngesikhokelo esithe ngqo sezigaba ezithandathu ezicetywayo zokukhetha, ukuphumeza, nokuvavanya ungenelelo lotshintsho lokuziphatha kulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo.

Gravert, C. kunye Nobel, N. (2019). ISayensi yokuZiphatha eSetyenzisiweyo: IsiKhokelo esiyintshayelelo. Ngokungenampembelelo. PDF.

Le intshayelelo kwisayensi yokuziphatha ibonelela ngemvelaphi ngokubanzi ebaleni, ulwazi ngobuchopho bomntu, indlela olusetyenzwa ngayo ulwazi, kunye nokuthambekela okuqhelekileyo kwengqondo. Ababhali babonisa imodeli yokwenza izigqibo zabantu ukudala utshintsho lokuziphatha. Isikhokelo sibonelela ngolwazi kubafundi ukuba bahlalutye ukuba kutheni abantu bengenzi into elungileyo ngokusingqongileyo kunye nendlela ucalucalulo oluthintela ngayo utshintsho lokuziphatha. Iiprojekthi kufuneka zibe lula kwaye zithe ngqo kunye neenjongo kunye nezixhobo zokuzibophelela - zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe abo bakwilizwe lolondolozo xa bezama ukwenza abantu babandakanyeke kwimiba yokusingqongileyo.

Wynes, S. noNicholas, K. (2017, Julayi). Umsantsa wokunciphisa imozulu: imfundo kunye nezindululo zikarhulumente ziphosa ezona zenzo zisebenzayo zomntu ngamnye. Iincwadi zoPhando lweNdalo, Umqulu. 12, No. 7 DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 318353145_The_climate_mitigation _gap_Education_and_government_ recommendations_miss_the_most_effective _individual_actions

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kubangela umonakalo kokusingqongileyo. Ababhali bajonga indlela abantu abanokuthi bathathe amanyathelo ngayo ukulungisa le ngxaki. Ababhali bacebisa ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo aphezulu kunye nokukhutshwa okuphantsi, ngokukodwa: ukuba nomntwana omnye omncinci, uhlala ngaphandle kwemoto, ugweme ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya, kwaye utye ukutya okusekelwe kwizityalo. Nangona ezi ngcebiso zinokubonakala zigqithise kwabanye, bezingundoqo kwiingxoxo zangoku zokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuziphatha komntu ngamnye. Eli nqaku liluncedo kwabo bafuna ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nemfundo kunye nezenzo zomntu ngamnye.

Schultz, PW, kunye noFG Kaiser. (2012). Ukukhuthaza indlela yokuziphatha exhasa indalo esingqongileyo. Ucofa kwi S. Clayton, mhleli. Incwadi yengqondo yendalo esingqongileyo kunye nolondolozo. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 365789168_The_Oxford_Handbook _of_Environmental_and _Conservation_Psychology

Isayikholoji yezoLondolozo yintsimi ekhulayo egxile kwiziphumo zezimvo zabantu, izimo zengqondo, kunye nokuziphatha kwintlalontle yokusingqongileyo. Le ncwadana inika inkcazo ecacileyo kunye nenkcazo yolondolozo lwengqondo kunye nesikhokelo sokusetyenziswa kweethiyori zolondolozo lwengqondo kuhlalutyo lwezifundo ezahlukeneyo kunye neeprojekthi zentsimi esebenzayo. Olu xwebhu lusebenza kakhulu kwizifundiswa kunye neengcali ezijonge ukudala iinkqubo zokusingqongileyo ezibandakanya abachaphazelekayo kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni kwixesha elide.

Schultz, W. (2011). ULondolozo luthetha ukutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha. I-Biology yoLondolozo, uMqulu 25, No. 6, 1080-1083. Umbutho woLondolozo lweBiology DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01766.x https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 51787256_Conservation_Means_Behavior

Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo kukho inqanaba eliphezulu lokuxhalabisa uluntu malunga nemiba yokusingqongileyo, nangona kunjalo, akuzange kubekho utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwizenzo zomntu okanye iipatheni zokuziphatha ezibanzi. Umbhali uthi ulondolozo yinjongo enokufikelelwa kuphela ngokudlulela ngaphaya kwemfundo nokuqonda ukuba ngokwenene utshintshe indlela yokuziphatha kwaye uqukumbela ngokuthi “imigudu yolondolozo ekhokelwa zizazinzulu zendalo iya kwenziwa kakuhle ukubandakanya izazinzulu zentlalo nezokuziphatha” ezidlulela ngaphaya kokulula. amaphulo emfundo nokwazisa.

UDietz, T., G. Gardner, J. Gilligan, P. Stern, kunye noM. Vandenbergh. (2009). Iintshukumo zasekhaya zinokubonelela ngendlela yokuziphatha ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yase-US. Iinkqubo zeNational Academy of Sciences 106: 18452-18456. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 38037816_Household_Actions_Can _Provide_a_Behavioral_Wedge_to_Rapidly _Reduce_US_Carbon_Emissions

Ngokwembali, kuye kwagxininiswa kwizenzo zabantu kunye nemizi yokujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, kwaye eli nqaku lijonge ubunyani baloo mabango. Abaphandi basebenzisa indlela yokuziphatha ukuze bahlolisise ukungenelela kwe-17 abantu abangayithatha ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Ungenelelo lubandakanya kodwa alukhawulelwanga koku: imozulu, iishawari ezihamba kancinci, izithuthi ezonga amafutha, ukugcinwa kwemoto rhoqo, ukomisa umgca, kunye nenqwelo-mafutha/ukutshintsha uhambo. Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba ukuphunyezwa kwesizwe kolu ngenelelo kunokugcina i-123 yezigidi zeetoni ze-metric zekhabhoni ngonyaka okanye i-7.4% ye-US ekhutshwayo yelizwe, kunye nokuphazamiseka okuncinci kwintlalontle yendlu.

Clayton, S., kunye noG. Myers (2015). Psychology yoLondolozo: ukuqonda kunye nokukhuthaza ukhathalelo lomntu kwindalo, uhlelo lwesibini. Wiley-Blackwell, eHoboken, eNew Jersey. I-ISBN: 978-1-118-87460-8 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 330981002_Conservation_psychology _Understanding_and_promoting_human_care _for_nature

UClayton noMyers bajonga abantu njengenxalenye yendalo yendalo kwaye baphonononge indlela ipsychology ephembelela ngayo amava omntu kwindalo, kunye nolawulo kunye nezicwangciso zasezidolophini. Incwadi ngokwayo ingena kwiinkcukacha kwiithiyori zolondolozo lwengqondo, inika imizekelo, kwaye icebisa iindlela zokunyamekelwa okwandisiweyo kwindalo luluntu. Injongo yale ncwadi kukuqonda indlela abantu abacinga ngayo, amava, kunye nokusebenzisana nendalo eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni uzinzo lokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabantu.

Darnton, A. (2008, Julayi). Ingxelo yeReferensi: Isishwankathelo seeModeli zoTshintsho lokuziphatha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ukuphononongwa koLwazi lokuziPhatha kwe-GSR. UPhando lweNtlalo lukaRhulumente. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 254787539_Reference_Report_ An_overview_of_behaviour_change_models _and_their_uses

Le ngxelo ijonga umahluko phakathi kweemodeli zokuziphatha kunye neethiyori zotshintsho. Olu xwebhu lunika isishwankathelo seengqikelelo zezoqoqosho, imikhwa, kunye nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo eziphembelela indlela yokuziphatha, kwaye likwachaza nokusetyenziswa kweendlela zokuziphatha, iimbekiselo zokuqonda utshintsho, kwaye liqukumbela ngesikhokelo sokusebenzisa imifuziselo yokuziphatha kunye neethiyori zokutshintsha. Isalathiso sikaDarnton kwiiModeli eziPhambili kunye neeTheories zenza esi sicatshulwa sifikeleleke ngakumbi kwabo batsha ekuqondeni utshintsho lokuziphatha.

Thrash, T., Moldovan, E., kunye no-Oleynick, V. (2014) I-Psychology of Inspiration. Ikhampasi yezeNtlalontle kunye noBuntu Umqulu. 8, No. 9. DOI: 10.1111 / spc3.12127. https://www.researchgate.net/journal/Social-and-Personality-Psychology-Compass-1751-9004

Abaphandi baye babuza ekuqondweni kwempembelelo njengophawu oluphambili lokukhuthaza isenzo. Ababhali baqala bachaza ukuphefumlelwa okusekwe kuphononongo loncwadi oludibeneyo kwaye bachaze iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Okwesibini, baphonononga uncwadi ngolwakhiwo olusemthethweni emva koko ithiyori ebambekayo kunye neziphumo, begxininisa indima yokuphefumlelwa ekukhuthazeni ukufunyanwa kwempahla enqabileyo. Okokugqibela, baphendula kwimibuzo rhoqo kunye nokungaqondi kakuhle malunga nokuphefumlelwa kwaye banike iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokukhuthaza inkuthazo kwabanye okanye isiqu sakho.

Uzzell, DL 2000. Ubungakanani bengqondo-spatial yeengxaki zehlabathi zokusingqongileyo. Ijenali ye-Environmental Psychology. 20: 307-318. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 223072457_The_psycho-spatial_dimension_of_global_ environmental_problems

Kwenziwa izifundo eOstreliya, eNgilani, eIreland naseSlovakia. Iziphumo zophononongo ngalunye zihlala zibonisa ukuba abaphenduli abakwazi nje ukucinga ngeengxaki kwinqanaba lehlabathi, kodwa isiphumo somgama ochaseneyo sifunyenwe ngendlela yokuba iingxaki zokusingqongileyo zibonwa ukuba zinzima ngakumbi ukuba zikude ukusuka kumbonisi. Ubudlelwane obuguqukileyo bukwafunyanwe phakathi koluvo lokuba noxanduva lweengxaki zokusingqongileyo kunye nesikali somhlaba esikhokelela kwiimvakalelo zokungabi namandla kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Iphepha liqukumbela ngengxoxo yeethiyori ezahlukeneyo zengqondo kunye nemibono eyazisa uhlalutyo lombhali kwiingxaki zokusingqongileyo zehlabathi.

Isicelo se3.2

Cusa, M., Falcão, L., De Jesus, J. et al. (2021). Intlanzi ephuma emanzini: Ukungaqhelani kwabathengi ngenkangeleko yeentlobo zeentlanzi ezithengiswayo. Zixhase iSci Vol. 16, 1313–1322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00932-z. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 350064459_Fish_out_of_water_ consumers’_unfamiliarity_with_the_ appearance_of_commercial_fish_species

Iileyibhile zokutya kwaselwandle zidlala indima ephambili ekuncedeni abathengi ekuthengeni iimveliso zentlanzi kunye nokukhuthaza iindlela zokuloba ezizinzileyo. Ababhali bafunde abantu abangama-720 kumazwe amathandathu aseYurophu kwaye bafumanisa ukuba abathengi baseYurophu abaqondi kakuhle inkangeleko yentlanzi abayidlayo, kunye nabathengi baseBhritane abenza ezona zihlwempuzekileyo kunye nabaseSpain benza ngcono. Bafumanisa ukubaluleka kwenkcubeko ukuba intlanzi inesiphumo, okt, ukuba uhlobo oluthile lwentlanzi lubalulekile ngokwenkcubeko luyakuchongwa ngesantya esiphezulu kunezinye iintlanzi eziqhelekileyo. Ababhali baphikisa ukuba intengiso yentengiso yaselwandle iya kuhlala ivulekele ukungahambi kakuhle de abathengi benze unxibelelwano ngakumbi nokutya kwabo.

Sánchez-Jiménez, A., MacMillan, D., Wolff, M., Schlüter, A., Fujitani, M., (2021). Ukubaluleka kweeNqobo ezisemgangathweni ekuqikeleleni nasekukhuthazeni iNdlela yokuziPhatha kokusiNgqongileyo: Iingcamango ezisuka kuShishino lokuLoba oluNcinci lwaseCosta Rica, Imida kwiNzululwazi yaseLwandle, 10.3389/fmars.2021.543075, 8, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 349589441_The_Importance_of_ Values_in_Predicting_and_Encouraging _Environmental_Behavior_Reflections _From_a_Costa_Rican_Small-Scale_Fishery

Kwimeko yabalobi abakhasayo, izenzo zokuloba ezingagcinekiyo zibeka esichengeni isidima soluntu lonxweme kunye nenkqubo yendalo. Uphononongo lujonge ungenelelo lokutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha kunye nabalobi begillnet kwiGulf of Nicoya, eCosta Rica, ukuthelekisa izinto ezandulela ukuziphatha okuchasene nokusingqongileyo phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abafumene ungenelelo olusekwe kwi-ikhosistim. Imilinganiselo yobuqu kwaye amaxabiso zazibalulekile ekucaciseni inkxaso yamanyathelo olawulo, kunye nezinye iimpawu zokuloba (umz., indawo yokuloba). Uphando lubonisa ukubaluleka kongenelelo lwemfundo olufundisa ngeempembelelo zokuloba kwi-ikhosistim lo gama inceda abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bazibone bekwazi ukuphumeza izenzo.

McDonald, G., Wilson, M., Verissimo, D., Twohey, R., Clemence, M., Apistar, D., Box, S., Butler, P., et al. (2020). Ukuququzelela uLawulo lwezokuLoba oluZinzileyo Ngokusetyenziswa kwamaNgenelo okutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha. Ibhayoloji yoLondolozo, Umqu. 34, No. 5 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13475 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 339009378_Catalyzing_ sustainable_fisheries_management_though _behavior_change_interventions

Ababhali bafuna ukuqonda indlela ukuthengiswa kwentlalo kunokunyusa iimbono zezibonelelo zolawulo kunye nemimiselo emitsha yoluntu. Abaphandi baqhube uphando olubonakalayo ngaphantsi kwamanzi ukulinganisa iimeko zendalo kunye nokwenza uphando lwamakhaya kwiindawo ezingama-41 eBrazil, Indonesia, kunye nePhilippines. Bafumanise ukuba uluntu luphuhlisa izithethe ezitsha zentlalo kunye nokuloba ngendlela ezinzileyo ngaphambi kokuba iinzuzo zexesha elide zendalo nentlalo-ntle kushishino lokuloba zibekho. Ngoko ke, abaphathi bamashishini okuloba kufuneka benze okungakumbi ukuthathela ingqalelo amava exesha elide oluntu kunye nokulungelelanisa iiprojekthi kwiindawo ezisekelwe kumava oluntu.

Valauri-Orton, A. (2018). Ukutshintsha iNdlela yokuZiphatha eBoarter ukuze kukhuselwe ingca yolwandle: Isixhobo sokuYila kunye nokuPhunyezwa kwePhulo loTshintsho lweNdlela yokuZiphatha kuThintelo loKumonakaliswa kwengca yoLwandle. Isiseko soLwandle. PDF. https://oceanfdn.org/calculator/kits-for-boaters/

Ngaphandle kweenzame zokunciphisa umonakalo wengca yolwandle, ukuqhawuka kwengca yolwandle ngenxa yomsebenzi wamaphenyane kusesisisongelo. Ingxelo ihloselwe ukubonelela ngezona ndlela zilungileyo kwiiphulo zokufikelela kwiinguqu zokuziphatha ngokubonelela ngesicwangciso sokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo esigxininisa imfuno yokubonelela ngomxholo wendawo, usebenzisa imiyalezo ecacileyo, elula, kunye nezenzo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweethiyori zokutshintsha ukuziphatha. Ingxelo ithatha kumsebenzi wangaphambili ojolise ekufikeleleni kwabakhweli beenqanawa kunye nolondolozo olubanzi notshintsho lokuziphatha. Ikhithi yezixhobo ibandakanya inkqubo yokuyila umzekelo kwaye ibonelela ngoyilo oluthile kunye neempawu zovavanyo ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe ngabaphathi bezibonelelo ukuze zihambelane neemfuno zabo. Esi sixhobo senziwe ngo-2016 kwaye sahlaziywa ngo-2018.

Costanzo, M., D. Archer, E. Aronson, kunye noT. Pettigrew. 1986. Ukuziphatha kokugcina amandla: indlela enzima ukusuka kulwazi ukuya kwisenzo. Isazi ngengqondo saseMelika 41:521-528.

Emva kokubona umkhwa wabantu abathile kuphela abathatha amanyathelo okonga amandla, ababhali benza imodeli yokuphonononga iimeko zengqondo ezibhekiselele kwindlela izigqibo zomntu eziqhuba ngayo ulwazi. Baye bafumanisa ukuba ukuthembeka komthombo wolwazi, ukuqonda umyalezo, kunye nokucaca kwengxabano yokugcina amandla kwakunokwenzeka kakhulu ukubona utshintsho olusebenzayo apho umntu uya kuthatha isenzo esibalulekileyo sokufakela okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokulondoloza. Ngelixa oku kugxilwe kumandla-kunolwandle okanye indalo, yayiyenye yezifundo zokuqala ngokuziphatha kolondolozo ebonisa indlela intsimi eqhube ngayo namhlanje.

3.3 Uvelwano oluSekwe kwiNdalo

Yasué, M., Kockel, A., Dearden, P. (2022). Iimpembelelo zengqondo kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo ezisekelwe kuluntu, uLondolozo lwamanzi: i-Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 10.1002/aqc.3801, Vol. 32, No. 6, 1057-1072 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 359316538_The_psychological_impacts_ of_community-based_protected_areas

Ababhali uYasué, uKockel, kunye noDearden bajonge iziphumo zexesha elide zokuziphatha kwabo bakufutshane neeMPAs. Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba abaphenduli kuluntu olunabudala obuphakathi kunye neeMPA ezindala bachonge uluhlu olubanzi lweempembelelo ezilungileyo zeMPA. Ngaphaya koko, abaphendulayo abasuka kwiiMPA zabudala kunye nabadala babeneentshukumisa ezimbalwa ezingezizo ezizimeleyo zokubandakanyeka kulawulo lweMPA ​​kwaye babenexabiso eliphezulu lokuzinikezela, njengokukhathalela indalo. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ii-MPA ezisekelwe kuluntu zinokukhuthaza utshintsho lwengqondo kuluntu olufana nenkuthazo enkulu yokuzimela ekukhathaleleni indalo kunye nokuphucula ukuxabiseka kokuzilawula, zombini ezinokuthi zixhase ulondolozo.

Lehnen, L., Arbieu, U., Böhning-Gaese, K., Díaz, S., Glikman, J., Mueller, T., (2022). Ukucinga kwakhona ngobudlelwane bomntu ngamnye kunye namaziko endalo, abantu kunye neNdalo, 10.1002/pan3.10296, Vol. 4, No. 3, 596-611. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 357831992_Rethinking_individual _relationships_with_entities_of_nature

Ukuqaphela ukwahluka kubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu nendalo kuzo zonke iimeko ezahlukeneyo, amaqumrhu endalo, kunye nabantu ngabanye bangundoqo kulawulo olulinganayo lwendalo kunye negalelo layo ebantwini kunye nokuyila amaqhinga asebenzayo okukhuthaza kunye nokukhokela ukuziphatha kwabantu okuzinzileyo. Abaphandi baxoxa ukuba ngokuqwalasela imbono yomntu ngamnye kunye nequmrhu-, ngoko umsebenzi wolondolozo unokulingana ngakumbi, ngakumbi kwiindlela zokulawula izibonelelo kunye nomonakalo abantu abawufumana kwindalo, kwaye uncedise uphuhliso lwezicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokulungelelanisa ukuziphatha komntu kunye nokugcinwa kunye iinjongo zozinzo.

Fox N, Marshall J, Dankel DJ. (2021, ngoMeyi). ULwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwase-Ocean kunye nokuSefa: Ukuqonda iNdlela iNtsebenziswano kwiNdawo engaseluNxwemeni yokuHlaliswa kweNdawo ekwazisa ngayo Ulwazi lwaBasebenzisi beNdawo eBlue ngoLwandle. I-Int J Imimandla yoLuntu lwezeMpilo. Umqulu. 18 No.11, 5819. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115819. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 351962054_Ocean_Literacy _and_Surfing_Understanding_How_Interactions _in_Coastal_Ecosystems _Inform_Blue_Space_ User%27s_Awareness_of_the_Ocean

Olu phononongo lwabathathi-nxaxheba abangama-249 baqokelele idatha esemgangathweni kunye nenani elijolise kubasebenzisi bolwandle bokuzonwabisa, ngokukodwa abatshuzi, kunye nendlela imisebenzi yabo yendawo eluhlaza enokuthi yazise ukuqonda kweenkqubo zolwandle kunye nokudibana kwabantu nolwandle. IMigaqo yoLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala ye-Ocean yasetyenziswa ukuhlola ulwazi lolwandle ngonxibelelwano lokusefa ukuze kuphuhliswe ukuqonda okungaphaya kwamava okusefa, kusetyenziswa isakhelo senkqubo yentlalo-ntle yezinto eziphilayo nendalo ephilayo ukulinganisa iziphumo zokusefa. Iziphumo zafumanisa ukuba abatshuzi ngenene bafumana izibonelelo zolwazi lokufunda nolwandle, ngokukodwa ezintathu kwiMigaqo yoLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala ye-Ocean, kunye nokuba ukufunda nolwandle kuyinzuzo ethe ngqo efunyanwa ngabaninzi baselwandle kwiqela lesampulu.

Blythe, J., Baird, J., Bennett, N., Dale, G., Nash, K., Pickering, G., Wabnitz, C. (2021, Matshi 3). Ukukhuthaza uvelwano lwaseLwandle Ngeemeko zexesha elizayo. Abantu kunye neNdalo. 3:1284–1296. DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10253. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 354368024_Fostering_ocean_empathy _through_future_scenarios

Uvelwano ngendalo luthathwa njengento efunekayo ukuze kubekho unxibelelwano oluzinzileyo nebhayosphere. Emva kokubonelela ngesishwankathelo sethiyori yovelwano lolwandle kunye neziphumo ezinokwenzeka zezenzo okanye ukungasebenzi ngokumalunga nekamva lolwandle, ezibizwa ngokuba ziimeko, ababhali bagqibe kwelokuba imeko engathandekiyo ibangele amanqanaba ovelwano olukhulu xa kuthelekiswa nemeko enethemba. Olu phononongo luphawuleka ngokuba lubonisa ukuhla kwamanqanaba ovelwano (ukubuyisela kumanqanaba ovavanyo lwangaphambi kovavanyo) kwiinyanga ezintathu kuphela emva kokuba izifundo zovelwano zolwandle zinikezelwe. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuze ube nempumelelo kwixesha elide kufuneka ngaphezu kwezifundo ezilula ezifundisayo.

Sunassee, A.; Bokhoree, C.; Patrizio, A. (2021). Uvelwano lwabafundi ngokusiNgqongileyo nge-Eco-Art Place-Based Education. I-Ecologies 2021, 2, 214-247. I-DOI: 10.3390/ecologies2030014. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 352811810_A_Designed_Eco-Art_and_Place-Based_Curriculum_Encouraging_Students%27 _Empathy_for_the_Environment

Olu phononongo lujonge indlela abafundi abanxibelelana ngayo nendalo, yintoni echaphazela iinkolelo zomfundi kunye nendlela ukuziphatha okuphenjelelwa ngayo, kunye nendlela izenzo zabafundi ezichaphazeleka ngayo zinokunika ukuqonda okwandisiweyo malunga nokuba banokuba negalelo elinentsingiselo njani kwiinjongo zehlabathi. Injongo yolu phononongo yayikukuhlalutya amaphepha ophando lwezemfundo apapashwe kwindawo yemfundo yobugcisa bokusingqongileyo ukufumana into enesiphumo esikhulu kwaye ikhanyise indlela abanokunceda ngayo ekuphuculeni amanyathelo aphunyeziweyo. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba uphando olunjalo lunokunceda ekuphuculeni imfundo yobugcisa bendalo esekelwe kwisenzo kwaye ithathele ingqalelo imingeni yophando lwexesha elizayo.

UMichael J. Manfredo, uTara L. Teel, uRichard EW Berl, uJeremy T. Bruskotter, uShinobu Kitayama, ukutshintshwa kwexabiso leNtlalo ngokuthanda ulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo eUnited States, uZinzo lweNdalo, 10.1038/s41893-020-00655-6, 4, 4, (323-330), (2020).

Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba ukonyuswa kokunyuswa kwemilinganiselo yokuqondana (ukubona izilwanyana zasendle njengenxalenye yoluntu lwentlalo yoluntu kwaye ifanele amalungelo afana nabantu) kwakhatshwa kukuhla kwemilinganiselo egxininisa ukongamela (ukuphatha izilwanyana zasendle njengezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa inzuzo yoluntu), umkhwa ngakumbi. kubonakala kuhlalutyo lweqela elinqamlezileyo. Uphononongo lukwafumene unxulumano olomeleleyo phakathi kwamaxabiso enqanaba likarhulumente kunye neendlela zokufudukela ezidolophini, ukudibanisa ukutshintshela kwizinto ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu lentlalo-ntle. Iziphumo zicebisa iziphumo ezilungileyo zolondolozo kodwa ukukwazi kwebala ukuziqhelanisa kuya kubaluleka ekuqondeni ezo ziphumo.

ULotze, HK, Undwendwe, H., O'Leary, J., Tuda, A., kunye noWallace, D. (2018). Iimbono zoluntu ngezoyikiso zaselwandle kunye nokukhuselwa kwihlabathi jikelele. Unxweme loLwandle. Lawula. 152, 14–22. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.11.004. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 321274396_Public_perceptions_of_marine _threats_and_protection_from_around_the _world

Olu phononongo luthelekisa uhlolo lweembono zoluntu malunga nezoyikiso zaselwandle kunye nokhuseleko olubandakanya abaphenduli abangaphezu kwe-32,000 kumazwe angama-21. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-70% yabaphenduli bakholelwa ukuba okusingqongileyo elwandle kusemngciphekweni wezenzo zabantu, kodwa, yi-15% kuphela ecinga ukuba impilo yolwandle imbi okanye isengozini. Abaphenduli bathe gqolo ukubeka imiba yongcoliseko njengeyona isoyikiso iphezulu, ilandelwa kukuloba, ukuguqulwa kwendawo yokuhlala, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngokumalunga nokukhuselwa kolwandle, i-73% yabaphenduli baxhasa ii-MPAs kwingingqi yabo, ngokuchaseneyo abaninzi baqikelela kakhulu indawo yolwandle ekhuselweyo ngoku. Olu xwebhu lusebenza kakhulu kubaphathi baselwandle, abaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo, amagosa olondolozo lwendalo, kunye nootitshala ukuphucula ulawulo lweelwandle kunye neenkqubo zolondolozo.

UMartin, VY, Weiler, B., Reis, A., Dimmock, K., & Scherrer, P. (2017). 'Ukwenza into elungileyo': Inzululwazi yezentlalo inganceda njani ekukhuthazeni utshintsho lwendlela yokuziphatha ngokwendalo kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo zaselwandle. Umgaqo-nkqubo waseLwandle, 81, 236-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.04.001 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 316034159_’Doing_the_right_thing’ _How_social_science_can_help_foster_pro-environmental_behaviour_change_in_marine _protected_areas

Abaphathi beeMPAs banike ingxelo yokuba babanjiwe phakathi kwezinto eziphambili ezikhuphisanayo ezikhuthaza ukuziphatha kakuhle kwabasebenzisi ukunciphisa iimpembelelo kwindalo yaselwandle ngeli lixa kuvunyelwa ukusetyenziswa kwezolonwabo. Ukujongana noku ababhali baxoxisana ngezicwangciso ezinolwazi zokutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha ukuze kuncitshiswe iingxaki zokuziphatha kwii-MPA kunye negalelo kwiinzame zolondolozo. Eli nqaku libonelela ngethiyori entsha kunye nokuqonda okusebenzayo malunga nendlela abanokuncedisa ngayo ulawulo lwe-MPA ukujolisa kunye nokutshintsha iindlela zokuziphatha ezithi ekugqibeleni zixhase amaxabiso epaki yaselwandle.

A De Young, R. (2013). "Ushwankathelo lwePsychology yendalo." Ku-Ann H. Huffman kunye no-Stephanie Klein [Eds.] Imibutho eluhlaza: Ukuqhuba utshintsho kunye ne-IO Psychology. Pp. 17-33. NY: Routledge. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 259286195_Environmental_Psychology_ Overview

Isayikholoji yendalo esingqongileyo yinkalo yokufunda ephonononga unxibelelwano phakathi kokusingqongileyo kunye nefuthe lomntu, ukuqonda, kunye nokuziphatha. Esi sahluko sencwadi sijonga nzulu kwisayikholoji yendalo esingqongileyo equka intsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu nokusingqongileyo kunye neempembelelo zayo ekukhuthazeni ukuziphatha okufanelekileyo phantsi kokuzama kweemeko zokusingqongileyo nezentlalo. Ngelixa ingajoliswanga ngokuthe ngqo kwimiba yaselwandle oku kunceda ukuseta inqanaba lezifundo ezithe kratya kwingqondo yendalo esingqongileyo.

McKinley, E., Fletcher, S. (2010). Uxanduva lomntu ngeelwandle? Uvavanyo lobumi baselwandle ngabasebenzi baselwandle base-UK. Ulawulo loLwandle noNxweme, Umqulu. 53, No. 7,379-384. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 245123669_Individual_responsibility _for_the_oceans_An_evaluation_of_marine _citizenship_by_UK_marine_practitioners

Kutshanje, ulawulo lwemekobume yaselwandle luye lwavela ekubeni ikakhulu phezulu ukuya phantsi kunye nokulawulwa ngurhulumente ukuya ekubeni kuthatyathwe inxaxheba ngakumbi nakuluntu. Eli phepha liphakamisa ukuba ukwandiswa kwalo mkhwa kuya kuba luphawu loluvo loluntu lobumi baselwandle ukuze kunikezelwe ulawulo oluzinzileyo nokhuseleko lwemekobume yaselwandle ngokubandakanyeka komntu ngamnye kuphuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo nokuphunyezwa kwawo. Kubasebenzi baselwandle, amanqanaba aphezulu okubandakanyeka kwabemi kulawulo lokusingqongileyo elwandle kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu kwimo engqongileyo yaselwandle, kunye neenzuzo ezongezelelekileyo ezinokubakho ngokunyuka koluvo lokuba ngabemi baselwandle.

Zelezny, LC & Schultz, PW (eds.). 2000. Ukukhuthazwa kokusingqongileyo. Umbhalo Weengxaki Zentlalo 56, 3, 365-578. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00172 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 227686773_Psychology _of_Promoting_Environmentalism_ Promoting_Environmentalism

Lo mbandela weJenali yeMiba yezeNtlalo ugxile kwisayikholoji, inzululwazi ngezentlalo, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo woluntu ngemiba yokusingqongileyo yehlabathi. Iinjongo zalo mba zezi (1) ukuchaza imeko yangoku yokusingqongileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo, (2) ukuveza iithiyori ezintsha kunye nophando malunga nezimo zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha kokusingqongileyo, kunye (3) nokuphonononga imiqobo kunye neengqwalaselo zokuziphatha ekukhuthazeni indalo engqongileyo. isenzo.

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4. Education

4.1 I-STEM kunye noLwandle

Ulawulo lweSizwe lwe-Oceanic kunye ne-Atmospheric (NOAA). (2020). ULwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwase-Ocean: IMithetho-siseko eBalulekileyo kunye neeNdlela eziSisiseko zeSayensi yoLwandle lwaBafundi bamaXesha onke. EWashington, DC. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/ literacy.html

Ukuqonda ulwandle kubalulekile ekuqondeni nasekukhuseleni esi sijikelezi-langa siphila kuso sonke. Injongo yePhulo loLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwase-Ocean yayikukulungisa ukunqongophala komxholo onxulumene nolwandle kwimigangatho yemfundo yenzululwazi karhulumente neyesizwe, imathiriyeli yokufundisa, kunye neemvavanyo.

4.2 Izibonelelo zootitshala be-K-12

Payne, D., Halversen, C., kunye ne-Schoedinger, SE (2021, Julayi). INcwadana yokwandiswa koLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwaseLwandle kooTitshala kunye naMagqwetha e-Ocean Literacy. Umbutho weSizwe wabaFundisi baseLwandle. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 363157493_A_Handbook_for_ Increasing_Ocean_Literacy_Tools_for _Educators_and_Ocean_Literacy_Advocates

Le ncwadana sisixhobo sokufundisa, ukufunda nokunxibelelana ngolwandle. Ngelixa ekuqaleni yayilungiselelwe ukuba ootitshala baseklasini nabafundisi abangacwangciswanga basebenzise izixhobo zemfundo, iinkqubo, imiboniso, nophuhliso lwemisebenzi eUnited States, ezi zixhobo zinokusetyenziswa nguye nabani na, naphi na, ofuna ukwandisa ulwazi lokufunda nolwandle. Kuqukwe imizobo engama-28 yokuqukuqela kwengqiqo ye-Ocean Literacy Scope kunye nolandelelwano lwamaBanga K–12.

Tsai, Liang-Ting (2019, Okthobha). IZiphumo eziManyeneyo zaBafundi neZikolo kuLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwase-Ocean lwaBafundi beZikolo eziPhakamileyo zeZikolo eziPhakamileyo. Uzinzo Vol. 11 DOI: 10.3390/su11205810.

Esona siphumo siphambili solu phononongo yayikukuba kubafundi bezikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo eTaiwan, izinto zomntu ngamnye zezona ziphambili eziqhuba ulwazi lolwandle. Ngamanye amazwi, imiba yenqanaba labafundi ibalwe kwisabelo esikhulu somahluko uwonke kulwazi lokufunda nokubhala olwandle lwabafundi kunemiba yenqanaba lesikolo. Nangona kunjalo, amaxesha okufundwa kweencwadi okanye iimagazini ezinemixholo yolwandle ibiziingqikelelo zolwazi lokufunda nolwandle, ngelixa, kwinqanaba lesikolo, ummandla wesikolo kunye nendawo yesikolo yayizezona zinto zinempembelelo kulwazi lokufunda nokubhala olwandle.

Umbutho weSizwe wabaFundisi baseLwandle. (2010). Ububanzi boLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwase-Ocean kunye nolandelelwano lwamaBanga K-12. Iphulo le-Ocean Literacy Campaign elibandakanya uMda woLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala we-Ocean nolandelelwano lwaBanga K-12, NMEA. https://www.marine-ed.org/ocean-literacy/scope-and-sequence

I-Ocean Literacy Scope kunye nolandelelwano lwamaBanga K–12 sisixhobo sokufundisa esinika isikhokelo kootitshala ukuze bancede abafundi babo bafikelele ekuqondeni ngokupheleleyo ulwandle ngeendlela ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi kuyo yonke iminyaka yoqeqesho lwenzululwazi olucingayo noluhambelanayo.

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5. Ukwahluka, ubulungisa, ukuBandakanya, kunye noBulungisa

Adams, L., Bintiff, A., Jannke, H., kunye noKacez, D. (2023). Abafundi base-UC San Diego abangekathweswa izidanga kunye ne-Ocean Discovery Institute bayasebenzisana ukwenza inkqubo yokulingwa kwiingcebiso eziphendula ngokwenkcubeko. I-Oceanography, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.104. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 366767133_UC_San_Diego _Undergraduates_and_the_Ocean_ Discovery_Institute_Collaborate_to_ Form_a_Pilot_Program_in_Culturally_ Responsive_Mentoring

Kukho ukunqongophala okunzulu kweyantlukwano kwinzululwazi yolwandle. Enye indlela oku kunokuphuculwa ngayo kukuphunyezwa kokufundisa okuphendula ngokwenkcubeko kunye neendlela zokunika iingcebiso kuwo wonke umbhobho we-K-yunivesithi. Kweli nqaku, abaphandi bachaza iziphumo zabo zokuqala kunye nezifundo abazifundileyo kwinkqubo yokulinga yokufundisa iqela lobuhlanga elahlukileyo labafundi abangekathweswa isidanga kwiindlela zokucebisa ngokwenkcubeko kwaye babonelele ngamathuba okuba basebenzise izakhono zabo ezisanda kuzifumana kunye nabafundi be-K-12. Oku kuxhasa uluvo lokuba abafundi ngezifundo zabo zesidanga sokuqala banokuba ngabathetheleli boluntu kunye nakwabo baqhuba iinkqubo zesayensi yolwandle ukubeka phambili iyantlukwano kunye nokufakwa kuqwalaselo xa besebenza kwiinkqubo zesayensi yolwandle.

Worm, B., Elliff, C., Fonseca, J., Gell, F., Serra Gonçalves, A. Helder, N., Murray, K., Peckham, S., Prelovec, L., Sink, K. ( 2023, Matshi). Ukwenza i-Ocean Literacy iBandakanywe kwaye ifikeleleke. Ukuziphatha kwiNzululwazi kunye nePolitiki yeNdalo ye-DOI: 10.3354 / esep00196. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 348567915_Making_Ocean _Literacy_Inclusive_and_Accessible

Ababhali bathi ukubandakanyeka kwisayensi yolwandle ngokwembali kuye kwaba lilungelo lenani elincinci labantu abanokufikelela kwimfundo ephakamileyo, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, kunye nenkxaso-mali yophando. Nangona kunjalo, amaqela emveli, ubugcisa bomoya, abasebenzisi bolwandle, kunye namanye amaqela asele ebambene ngokunzulu nolwandle anokubonelela ngeembono ezahlukeneyo zokutyebisa ingcamango yolwazi lokufunda nolwandle ngaphaya kokuqonda inzululwazi yolwandle. Ababhali bacebisa ukuba ukubandakanywa okunjalo kunokususa imiqobo yembali ejikeleze intsimi, kuguqule ukuqonda kwethu okuhlangeneyo kunye nobudlelwane nolwandle, kwaye kuncede ukuxhasa iinzame eziqhubekayo zokubuyisela indalo yaselwandle.

Zelezny, LC; Chua, PP; Aldrich, C. Iindlela eziNtsha zokuCinga malunga nokuSingqongileyo: Ukucacisa ngokuMahluko ngokweSini kwiNdalo. J. Soc. Imiba yowama-2000, 56, 443–457. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 227509139_New_Ways_of_Thinking _about_Environmentalism_Elaborating_on _Gender_Differences_in_Environmentalism

Ababhali bafumanisa ukuba emva kokuphonononga iminyaka elishumi yophando (1988-1998) malunga nokungafani kwesini kwisimo sengqondo kunye nokuziphatha okusingqongileyo, ngokuchasene nokungahambelani kwangaphambili, umfanekiso ocacileyo uye wavela: abafazi babika isimo sengqondo esinamandla kunye nokuziphatha okusingqongileyo kunamadoda.

Bennett, N., Teh, L., Ota, Y., Christie, P., Ayers, A., et al. (2017). Isibheno somgaqo wokuziphatha wolondolozo lwaselwandle, Umgaqo-nkqubo waseLwandle, Umqulu 81, amaphepha 411-418, ISSN 0308-597X, DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.035 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 316937934_An_appeal_for _a_code_of_conduct_for_marine_conservation

Amanyathelo olondolozo lwaselwandle, ngelixa eneenjongo ezintle, awabanjelwanga kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yolawulo okanye iqumrhu elilawulayo, elinokukhokelela kuntlukwano obonakalayo kwiqondo lokusebenza. Ababhali bathi umgaqo wokuziphatha okanye iseti yemigangatho kufuneka imiselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zolawulo ezichanekileyo ziyalandelwa. Umgaqo kufuneka ukhuthaze ulawulo lolondolozo olunobulungisa kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo, izenzo zolondolozo lwentlalo ezinobulungisa kunye neziphumo, kunye neengcali zolondolozo eziphendulayo kunye nemibutho. Injongo yale khowudi iya kuvumela ulondolozo lwaselwandle ukuba lwamkeleke kokubini eluntwini kwaye lusebenze ngokwendalo, ngokwenza oko kube negalelo kulwandle oluzinzileyo lokwenene.

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6. Imigangatho, iindlela, kunye nezalathisi

Zielinski, T., Kotynska-Zielinska, I. kunye noGarcia-Soto, C. (2022, ngoJanuwari). Isikhokelo soLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwaseLwandle: EU4Ocean. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 357882384_A_ Blueprint_for_Ocean_Literacy_EU4Ocean

Eli phepha lixoxa ngokubaluleka konxibelelwano olusebenzayo lweziphumo zenzululwazi kubemi behlabathi liphela. Ukuze abantu bafumane ulwazi, abaphandi bafuna ukuqonda i-Ocean Literacy Principles kwaye basebenzise ezona ndlela zikhoyo zokuququzelela inkqubo yokwandisa ulwazi lwehlabathi malunga nokutshintsha kokusingqongileyo. Oku kusebenza ngokuthe ngqo ekuqinisekiseni indlela yokubhenela abantu ngokubhekiselele kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yokusingqongileyo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, abantu banokuziphucula njani iindlela zemfundo ukucela umngeni kwinguqu yehlabathi. Ababhali baxoxa ukuba ukufunda nolwandle kungundoqo kuzinzo, nangona kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eli nqaku likhuthaza inkqubo ye-EU4Ocean.

Sean M. Wineland, Thomas M. Neeson, (2022). Ukwandisa ukwanda kwamanyathelo olondolozo kwiintanethi zentlalo. ISayensi yoLondolozo kunye nokuziqhelanisa, I-DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12740, Umqu. 4, No8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 361491667_Maximizing_the_spread _of_conservation_initiatives_in_social_networks

Iinkqubo zolondolozo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo inokugcina izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kwaye zonyuse iinkonzo ze-ikhosistim, kodwa kuphela xa zamkelwe ngokubanzi. Ngelixa amawaka amalinge olondolozo ekhona kwihlabathi jikelele, uninzi luyasilela ukusasazeka ngaphaya kwabambalwa abamkela kuqala. Ukwamkelwa kokuqala ngabantu abanempembelelo kukhokelela kuphuculo olubukhali kwinani lilonke labamkela inyathelo lolondolozo lwenethiwekhi ngokubanzi. Uthungelwano lwengingqi lufana nothungelwano olungenamkhethe oluqulunqwe ikakhulu ngamaziko karhulumente kunye namaziko asekuhlaleni, ngelixa uthungelwano lwesizwe lunolwakhiwo olungenasikali kunye nee-hubs ezinempembelelo enkulu yee-arhente zaseburhulumenteni kunye nemibutho ye-NGO.

U-Ashley M, uPahl S, uGlegg G kunye noFletcher S (2019) Utshintsho lwengqondo: Ukusebenzisa iindlela zoPhando lweNtlalo kunye nokuziphatha kuVavanyo lokuSebenza kwamaNyathelo oLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala e-Ocean. Imida kwiSayensi yaseLwandle. I-DOI: 10.3389 / fmars.2019.00288. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 333748430_A_Change_of_Mind _Applying_Social_and_Behavioral_ Research_Methods_to_the_Assessment_of _the_Effectiveness_of_Ocean_Literacy_Initiatives

Ezi ndlela zivumela ukuvavanywa kotshintsho kwisimo sengqondo esingundoqo ekuqondeni ukusebenza kweprogram. Ababhali babonisa isikhokelo somzekelo wengqiqo yovavanyo lwezifundo zoqeqesho lwezemfundo kwiingcali ezingena kwishishini lokuthumela inqanawa (indlela yokuziphatha ejolise ekunciphiseni ukusasazeka kweentlobo ezihlaselayo) kunye neeworkshops zemfundo zabafundi besikolo (abaneminyaka eyi-11-15 kunye ne-16-18) kwiingxaki ezinxulumene nazo. kwinkunkuma yaselwandle kunye ne-microplastics. Ababhali bafumanise ukuba ukuphonononga utshintsho kwisimo sengqondo kunokunceda ukumisela impumelelo yeprojekthi ekwandiseni ulwazi lwabathathi-nxaxheba kunye nokwazisa ngomba othile, ngakumbi xa abaphulaphuli abathile bejolise kwizixhobo ezilungiselelwe ukufunda nokubhala elwandle.

Santoro, F., Santin, S., Scowcroft, G., Fauville, G., kunye neTuddenham, P. (2017). ULwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwase-Ocean lwaBantu Bonke-Isixhobo sezixhobo. IOC / UNESCO kunye ne-UNESCO iofisi yaseVenice eParis (i-IOC Manuals kunye neziKhokelo, i-80 ihlaziywe kwi-2018), i-136. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 321780367_Ocean_Literacy_for_all_-_A_toolkit

Ukwazi nokuqonda impembelelo yolwandle kuthi, kunye nefuthe lethu kulwandlekazi, kubalulekile ukuze siphile kwaye senze ngokuzinzileyo. Lo ngundoqo wolwazi lokufunda nolwandle. I-Ocean Literacy Portal isebenza njengendawo enestophu enye, ibonelela ngezibonelelo kunye nomxholo ofumanekayo kubo bonke, ngenjongo yokudala uluntu olukwaziyo ukufunda nolwandle olukwaziyo ukwenza izigqibo ezizizo nezinenkathalo ngemithombo yolwandle kunye nokuzinza kolwandle.

NOAA. (2020, ngoFebruwari). ULwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala lwase-Ocean: ImiGaqo eBalulekileyo yeeSayensi zoLwandle lwaBafundi bamaXesha onke. www.oceanliteracyNMEA.org

Kukho iMigaqo yoLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala e-Ocean esixhenxe kwaye uMda ohambelanayo nolandelelwano lubandakanya imizobo yengqiqo engama-28. I-Ocean Literacy Principles isengumsebenzi oqhubekayo; babonisa iinzame ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ekuchazeni ukufunda nolwandle. Uhlelo lwangaphambili lwaveliswa ngo-2013.

• Umgaqo wokuFunda nokuBhala woLwandle #1: Umhlaba unolwandlekazi olunye olukhulu oluneempawu ezininzi.
• Umgaqo wokuFunda nokuBhala woLwandle #2: Ulwandle kunye nobomi elwandle bubumba iimpawu zoMhlaba.
• Umgaqo wokuFunda nokuBhala woLwandle #3: Ulwandle lunempembelelo enkulu kwimozulu nakwimozulu.
• Umgaqo wokuFunda nokuBhala woLwandle #4: Ulwandle lwenza ukuba kuhlale umhlaba.
• Umgaqo wokuFunda nokuBhala woLwandle #5: Ulwandle luxhasa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-ikhosistim.
• Umgaqo wokuFunda nokuBhala woLwandle #6: Ulwandle kunye nabantu banxibelelene ngokungenakwahlulwa.
• Umgaqo wokuFunda nokuBhala woLwandle #7: Ulwandle alukhange luphononongwe ubukhulu becala.

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BUYELA KUPHANDO