Iimfihlo zoLwandle

Ulwandle lunemfihlo.

Ndinethamsanqa kakhulu ukusebenza kwintsimi yempilo yolwandle. Ndikhulele kwilali yamaNgesi eselunxwemeni, ndaye ndachitha ixesha elininzi ndibuka ulwandle, ndizibuza iimfihlo zalo. Ngoku ndisebenzela ukuzigcina.

Ulwandle, njengoko sisazi, lubalulekile kubo bonke ubomi obuxhomekeke kwi-oksijini, mna nawe sibandakanyiwe! Kodwa ubomi bubalulekile naselwandle. Ulwandle luvelisa ioksijini eninzi ngenxa yezityalo zaselwandle. Ezi zityalo zitsala i-carbon dioxide (CO2), igesi ye-greenhouse, kwaye iyiguqulele kwi-carbon-based sugars kunye neoksijini. Ngamagorha okutshintsha kwemozulu! Ngoku kukho ukuqondwa okubanzi kwendima yobomi bolwandle ekucutheni utshintsho lwemozulu, kukho negama elithi: ikhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kodwa kukho imfihlo… Izityalo zaselwandle zinokutsala kuphela iCO2 kangangoko zisenza, kwaye iilwandle zinokugcina kuphela ikhabhoni eninzi njengoko zisenza, ngenxa yezilwanyana zaselwandle.

NgoAprili, kwisiqithi sasePasifiki saseTonga, ndafumana ithuba lokunikela le mfihlelo kwinkomfa “yeMinenga kuLwandlekazi Olutshintshayo”. KwiZiqithi ezininzi zePasifiki, iminenga ixhasa uqoqosho lokhenketho oluhambela phambili, kwaye ibalulekile ngokwenkcubeko. Ngelixa sixhalabile ngokufanelekileyo malunga neempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kwiminenga, kufuneka kwakhona siqonde ukuba iminenga ingaba ngumhlobo omkhulu, omkhulu ekulweni nokutshintsha kwemozulu! Ngokuntywila nzulu, ukufuduka okukhulu, ubomi obude, kunye nemizimba emikhulu, iminenga inendima enkulu kule mfihlelo yolwandle.

Owokuqala kwihlabathi liphela "oonozakuzaku be whale poo” eTonga, ukuqhubela phambili ukubaluleka kokuba neminenga esempilweni ekuthomalaliseni ukutshintsha kwemozulu yehlabathi. LR: UPhil Kline, i-Ocean Foundation, u-Angela Martin, i-Blue Climate Solutions, uSteven Lutz, iGRID-Arendal.

Iminenga yomibini yenza ukuba izityalo zaselwandle zikhuphe i-CO2, kwaye zinceda nasekugcineni ikhabhoni elwandle. Okokuqala, zibonelela ngezondlo ezibalulekileyo ezenza ukuba izityalo zaselwandle zikhule. I-Whale poop sisichumisi, esizisa izondlo ezivela enzulwini, apho iminenga itya khona, phezulu, apho izityalo zidinga ezi zondlo kwi-photosynthesis. Iminenga efudukayo ikwazisa izondlo kunye nazo ezivela kwiindawo zokutya ezinemveliso ephezulu, kwaye izikhulule kumanzi angenazo izondlo kwindawo yokuzalela iminenga, okonyusa ukukhula kwezityalo zaselwandle kulo lonke ulwandle.

Okwesibini, iminenga igcina ikharbhon ivaleleke elwandle, ngaphandle kwe-atmosfera, apho ibinokuba negalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu. Izityalo zolwandle ezincinci zivelisa iswekile esekwe kwikhabhon, kodwa zinobomi obufutshane kakhulu, ngoko azikwazi ukugcina ikhabhoni. Xa besifa, uninzi lwale khabhoni lukhutshwa kumanzi angaphezulu, kwaye lunokuguqulwa lubuyele kwi-CO2. Iminenga yona inokuphila isithuba esingaphezu kwenkulungwane, isitya amatyathanga okutya aqala ngeswekile ekwezi zityalo zincinane, ize iqokelele ikharbhon emizimbeni yayo emikhulu. Xa iminenga isifa, ubomi obunzulu bolwandle buzondla kwintsalela yayo, kwaye ikharbon ebikade igcinwe kwimizimba yeminenga inokungena kwintlenga. Xa i-carbon ifikelela kwintlenga yolwandle enzulu, itshixiwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ngenxa yoko ayikwazi ukuqhuba utshintsho lwemozulu. Le khabhoni akunakwenzeka ukuba ibuye njenge-CO2 kwi-atmosfera, okunokwenzeka kwiwaka leminyaka.

Ngaba ukukhusela iminenga kuyinxalenye yesisombululo sokutshintsha kwemozulu? Ifoto: Sylke Rohrlach, Flickr

Ekubeni iZiqithi zePacific zenza iqhezu elincinci ekukhutshweni kwegesi ye-greenhouse eqhuba utshintsho lwemozulu - ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha se-1%, kuRhulumente weSiqithi sasePacific, ukukhusela intlalontle kunye negalelo kwi-ecosystem ebonelelwa yiminenga njenge-carbon sink yisenzo esisebenzayo. inokunceda ukujongana nesisongelo sokutshintsha kwemozulu kubantu beziqithi zePasifiki, inkcubeko nomhlaba. Abanye ngoku babona ithuba lokubandakanya ukulondolozwa kweminenga kwiminikelo yabo kwiNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga noTshintsho lweMozulu (UNFCCC), kunye nokuxhasa ukufezekiswa kweeNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo ze-UN (SDGs), zombini kwimithombo yolwandle (SDG 14) isenzo malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu (SDG 13).

Iminenga yaseTonga ijongene nezoyikiso zokutshintsha kwemozulu, kodwa inokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ifoto: Roderick Eime, Flickr

Amazwe aliqela eZiqithi zePasifiki sele ekhokela ekulondolozweni kweminenga, ekubeni evakalise iindawo zokugcinwa kweminenga emanzini awo. Nyaka ngamnye, iminenga emikhulu iyahlalisana, izale ize izale kumanzi eSiqithi sePasifiki. Le minenga isebenzisa iindlela zokufuduka kulwandle oluphezulu, apho ingakhuselekanga khona, ukuze ifike kwindawo yayo yokutya eAntarctica. Apha banokukhuphisana ngomthombo wabo wokuqala wokutya, i-krill, kunye neenqanawa zokuloba. I-Antarctic krill isetyenziswa kakhulu ekutyeni kwezilwanyana (i-aquaculture, imfuyo, izilwanyana zasekhaya) kunye ne-fish bait.

Nge-UN kule veki ibamba iNkomfa ye-Ocean yokuqala kwi-SDG 14, kunye nenkqubo ye-UN yokuphuhlisa isivumelwano esisemthethweni kwi-biodiversity kwiilwandle eziphakamileyo eziqhubekayo, ndijonge phambili ekuxhaseni iZiqithi zasePacific ukuphumeza iinjongo zabo ukuqaphela, ukuqonda nokukhusela indima yeminenga ekuthomalaliseni utshintsho lwemozulu. Iingenelo zobu nkokeli zeminenga kunye nabemi beSiqithi sePasifiki ziya kunabela kubomi babantu kunye nolwandle kwihlabathi liphela.

Kodwa imfihlo yolwandle inzulu ngakumbi. Asiyominenga kuphela!

Uphando oluthe kratya ludibanisa ubomi bolwandle ekubanjweni kwekhabhoni kunye neenkqubo zokugcina eziyimfuneko kwi-sean carbon sink, kunye nobomi emhlabeni ukuze bumelane nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Iintlanzi, ufudo, ookrebe, noononkala! Bonke banendima kule mfihlelo yolwandle inxibelelene ngokuntsonkothileyo, eyaziwa kancinci. Khange sikrwece umphezulu.

Iindlela ezisibhozo apho izilwanyana zaselwandle zixhasa impompo yekhabhoni yolwandle. Umzobo osuka kwi Iintlanzi zeCarbon ingxelo (uLutz noMartin 2014).

U-Angela Martin, uMkhokheli weProjekthi, izisombululo zemozulu eBlue

Umbhali angathanda ukuvuma i-Fonds Pacifique kunye neCurtis kunye no-Edith Munson Foundation ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuveliswa kwengxelo kwi-Pacific Island whales kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye, kunye ne-GEF / UNEP iProjekthi ye-Blue Forests, ukuxhasa ukuya kwi-Whales kwi-Changing Ocean. inkomfa.

Izixhumanisi ezisetyenziswayo:
uLutz, S.; UMartin, A. Ikhabhoni yeentlanzi: Ukuphonononga iiNkonzo zeKhabhoni ye-Marine Vertebrate. 2014. GRID-Arendal
UMartin, A; I-Barefoot N. Whales kwiMozulu eguqukayo. 2017. SPREP
www.bluecsolutions.org