Isenzo soKwemba ngaphandle konxweme

Umakhulu wam ongasekhoyo wayekholelwa kakhulu kwisaci sakudala esithi, “Ungawabeki onke amaqanda akho kwingobozi enye.” Wayesazi ukuba ukuxhomekeka kwisakhono esinye okanye kwishishini elinye okanye kumthombo omnye wengeniso yayilicebo elinomngcipheko omkhulu. Kwakhona wayesazi ukuba ukuzimela akufani nokuba negunya. Wayeyazi ukuba abantu baseMelika akufuneki bathwale umthwalo kwabo bafuna ukuthengisa amaqanda ethu oluntu ukuze bafumane umvuzo wabo. Ndijonge imephu evela kwi-Bureau ye-Ocean Energy Management kwaye kufuneka ndizibuze-wayeya kuthini malunga namaqanda kule bhasikithi?

“Oyena mthengi mkhulu weoyile kwihlabathi wathumela ngaphandle iihydrocarbons ezininzi kunanini na ngaphambili ngo-2017 kwaye akabonisi zimpawu zokucotha. Uyibiza ngegama - ioyile ekrwada, ipetroli, idizili, ipropane kunye negesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo - zonke zithunyelwe phesheya ngesantya esirekhodiweyo. ”

ULaura Blewitt, weBloomberg News

Zonke iinkampani zamandla ezijonge ukwenza inzuzo kwimithombo yoluntu yabantu baseUnited States kunye nezizukulwana ezizayo zaseMelika zinoxanduva olusisiseko. Ayiloxanduva lwabantu baseMelika ukukhulisa inzuzo yezo nkampani, okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko wabo, okanye ukuthwala umthwalo wokuhlawulela nayiphi na ingozi ezayo eyenzeka kwizilwanyana zasendle zaseMelika, imilambo, amahlathi, iilwandle, iingqaqa zekorale, iidolophu, iifama, amashishini okanye abantu. Luxanduva lwabameli bethu bakarhulumente kumasebe alawulayo, ezomthetho, kunye namasebe owiso-mthetho, akhoyo ukuze amele iimfuno zabantu baseMelika. Kuluxanduva lwabo ukuqinisekisa ukuba nawuphi na umngcipheko wokwenzakala kwimithombo yoluntu lufanelekile kubantu baseMelika, izibonelelo zethu zelizwe, kunye nezizukulwana ezizayo eziya kuxhomekeka kubo.

IiNdawo eziNtsha zoMveliso we-Oli neGesi kuLwandlekazi lwethu:

NgoJanuwari 4, i-Bureau yeSebe lezaMandla yoLawulo lwaMandla e-Ocean yakhupha isicwangciso esitsha seminyaka emihlanu sokuvelisa amandla kwiShelufu ye-Outer Continental emanzini ase-US ngokuphendula umyalelo kaMongameli ku-Epreli ophelileyo. Inxalenye yesicwangciso igxile ekwandeni komthamo wemveliso yomoya kude nonxweme kwaye uninzi lugxile ekuvuleni iindawo ezintsha ekusetyenzisweni kwe-oyile nerhasi. Njengoko ubona kwimephu, akukho ndawo yonxweme lwethu ibonakala ikhululekile kumngcipheko (ngaphandle kweFlorida, emva koko).

Iindawo ezikunxweme lwePasifiki kunye neGulf yasempuma yeMexico zibandakanyiwe kwisicwangciso esitsha, kunye neehektare ezingaphezulu kwe-100 lezigidi kwi-Arctic kunye noninzi lweLwandle lwaseMpuma. Uninzi lweendawo ezicetywayo, ngakumbi ecaleni koNxweme lweAtlantiki, azikaze zithathwe-oko kuthetha ukuba isaqhwithi, sangoku, kunye neminye imingcipheko kwimisebenzi yamandla ayiqondwa kancinci, ukuba akukho siseko sincinci sokuxhasa imisebenzi yokomba, kunye nezinto ezinokubakho. ilungile ekonakaleni kubemi bezilwanyana zaselwandle, iintlanzi, iintaka zolwandle kunye nobunye ubomi baselwandle. Kukwakho nomonakalo omkhulu onokuthi ubekho kwindlela yokuziphilisa yezigidi zabantu baseMelika, ngakumbi abo basebenza kwezokhenketho, ukuloba, ukubukela iminenga, kunye nezilwanyana zasemanzini.  

Ukuphonononga akulunganga:

Ukusetyenziswa kwemipu yomoya yenyikima eqhushumba kumanzi olwandle kwii-decibel ezingama-250 ukukhangela oovimba beoyile nerhasi sele ilutshintshile ulwandle lwethu. Siyazi ukuba iminenga, amahlengesi nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo zaselwandle zitsala nzima, njengokuba kunjalo ngentlanzi nezinye izilwanyana xa zihlaselwa yinyikima. Iinkampani eziqhuba olu mvavanyo kufuneka zifune ukukhululwa kuMthetho woKhuseleko lweSaliyali saseLwandle (esiwuchaze kwiblogi ethunyelwe 1/12/18). INkonzo yeeNtlanzi kunye neZilwanyana zaseNdle kunye neNkonzo yeSizwe yokuLoba eLwandle kufuneka iphonononge izicelo kwaye ivavanye ubungozi obunokubakho kuvavanyo lwenyikima. Ukuba zivunyiwe, ezo mvume ziyavuma ukuba iinkampani ziya kwenza umonakalo kwaye zibeke inqanaba elivumelekileyo "lokuthatha ngengozi," ibinzana elithetha ukucacisa ukuba zingaphi kwaye zinjani izilwanyana eziya kwenzakala okanye zibulawe xa kukhangelwa indawo yokugcina ioli negesi. Kukho abo babuza ukuba kutheni iindlela ezinobungozi, ezinkulu, ezingachanekanga zisasetyenziselwa ukuhlola i-oyile kunye negesi kumanzi olwandle xa iteknoloji yokwenza imephu ifikile ngoku. Ngokuqinisekileyo, nantsi indawo apho iinkampani zinokwenza ingozi encinci kuluntu lwaseMelika kunye nemithombo yolwandle ekufuneni inzuzo.

“La mashishini abalulekileyo axhomekeke kumanzi acwengileyo aseMaine, kwaye nokuchitheka okuncinci kungonakalisa ngokungenakulungiseka inkqubo yendalo kwiGulf of Maine, kuquka imibungu yeekreyifishi kunye nenani lelobster zabantu abadala apho,” wabhala uCollins noKumkani. “Ngaphezu koko, ukuphononongwa kwenyikima ekude nonxweme kubonisiwe kwezinye iimeko ukuphazamisa iipatheni zokufuduka kweentlanzi kunye nezilwanyana zolwandle ezanyisayo. Ngamanye amazwi, sikholelwa ukuba ubungozi obunokuthi bube bubangelwa kukuhlolwa kwe-oyile nerhasi kunye nophuhliso kunxweme lwaseMaine ukodlula nayiphi na inzuzo enokubakho. "

Portland Press Herald, 9 Jan 2018

Iziseko zophuhliso kunye noMngcipheko:

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukugrumba akuyi kuqalisa naphi na ngaphandle kweGulf of Mexico nanini na kwixesha elizayo elingekude kakhulu. Kukho iinkqubo eziza kusekwa kunye nezindululo eziza kuvavanywa. Ukuvelisa i-oyile ecaleni kwe-Atlantic Seaboard imele utyalo-mali olukhulu kwiziseko zophuhliso-akukho nethiwekhi yombhobho ekhoyo, inkqubo yezibuko, okanye umthamo wokuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Akucaci ukuba amaxabiso e-oyile aya kuxhasa iindleko ezinkulu zokwakha esi sikhundla sitsha, okanye nokuba ngumsebenzi osebenzayo onikwa umngcipheko onokubakho kubatyali-zimali. Kwangaxeshanye, akumangalisi ukuba isicwangciso esitsha seminyaka emihlanu asizange samkelwe ngezandla ezishushu, nangona ukugrumba okwenyani kusekude iminyaka, ukuba kuyenzeka kwaphela. 

Scientific American yanikela ingxelo yokuba kukho inkcaso enkulu yasekuhlaleni kuko nakuphi na ukwanda kokusebenza kweoli negesi emanzini aselunxwemeni: “Abachasi baquka iirhuluneli zaseNew Jersey, eDelaware, eMaryland, eVirginia, eMntla Carolina, eSouth Carolina, eKhalifoniya, eOregon naseWashington; ngaphezu kwe-150 yoomasipala bonxweme; nomanyano lwamashishini angaphezu kwama-41,000 500,000 neentsapho ezilobayo ezingama-XNUMX XNUMX.”¹ Ezi nkokheli zoluntu kunye norhulumente zadibana ngokuchasene nokwandiswa okucetywayo kukaMongameli Obama kwaye kwarhoxiswa. Isiphakamiso sibuyile, sikhulu kunangaphambili, kwaye inqanaba lomngcipheko alikatshintshi. Uluntu oluhlala elunxwemeni oluxhomekeke kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yezoqoqosho lukwaxhomekeke ekwazini ukuba utyalo-mali lwabo alukho emngciphekweni ngenxa yeziphumo eziqhubekayo zemisebenzi yamandla emizi-mveliso okanye okona kusenzeka ngokwenene kokuvuza, ukuchitheka, kunye nokusilela kweziseko ezingundoqo.

I-Bureau yoLawulo lwaMandla oLwandle (Imephu ayibonisi iindawo zaseAlaska, ezifana neCook Inlet)

Kwi-2017, iintlekele zendalo kunye nezinye zibiza ilizwe lethu ngaphezu kwe-307 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Ngexesha apho kufuneka sigxininise ekunciphiseni umngcipheko kuluntu lwethu olunxwemeni ngokuphucula iziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokomelela xa sijongene nokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle kunye nezivunguvungu ezinamandla ngakumbi. Sonke siya kuhlawula ngendlela enye okanye enye, nangaphaya kwelahleko etshabalalisayo kubaninimzi abachaphazelekayo kunye namashishini, kunye noluntu lwabo. Ukuchacha kuya kuthatha ixesha njengoko iibhiliyoni ezingakumbi zifuna ukuhamba ukuxhasa ukubuyiswa koluntu lwethu kwiZiqithi zaseVirgin, ePuerto Rico, eCalifornia, eTexas naseFlorida. Kwaye loo nto ayibala iidola ezisaqukuqelayo ukuzama ukulungisa umonakalo omkhulu ovela kwiziganeko zangaphambili ezifana nokuchitheka kweoyile yeBP, leyo, nakwiminyaka esixhenxe kamva inefuthe elibi kwimithombo yeGulf of Mexico.  

Ukusukela ngo-1950, inani labantu base-US liphantse laphindeka kabini ukuya kutsho kwi-325 yezigidi zabantu, kwaye abemi behlabathi bemka ukusuka kwi-2.2 yeebhiliyoni ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-7 yeebhiliyoni zabantu. Bangaphezu kwesibini esithathwini sabantu baseMelika abahlala kwimimandla eselunxwemeni. Uxanduva lwethu kwizizukulwana ezizayo lunyuke kakhulu—kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba sigxile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukusebenzisa kwethu kunciphisa umonakalo, inkcitho kunye nomngcipheko. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba apho ukutsalwa kusemngciphekweni omkhulu ebantwini ngoku kunokushiyelwa izizukulwana ezizayo ukuba zifikelele kwitekhnoloji esinokuyicingela nje namhlanje. Izixhobo ezifumaneka simahla nezinokufumaneka ngeendleko eziphantsi—umoya, ilanga namaza—zinokusetyenziswa ngengozi encinane kuthi nakwizizukulwana ezizayo. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zethu ngoyilo olukrelekrele oluxabisa kancinci ukusebenza kunye nokugcina sesinye isicwangciso esixhasa uhlobo lomoya wokuqamba olilifa lethu.

Sivelisa amandla angakumbi namhlanje kunanini na ngaphambili—kuquka ioli negesi. Kufuneka sizibuze ukuba kutheni kufuneka sikhuthaze imisebenzi esemngciphekweni omkhulu wokukhupha imithombo yamandla eya kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ishiya kuphela umonakalo kuthi. Sihlangabezana neemfuno zethu zamandla ngoluhlu olukhulayo lwemithombo eyahluka-hlukeneyo kwaye sizabalazela ukusebenza ngobuchule ngakumbi ukuze singachithi ilifa lethu elixabisekileyo.

Ngoku asiloxesha lokunyusa umngcipheko kunye nokulimala kumanzi olwandle e-United States. Ngoku lixesha lokuphinda kabini kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Ngoku lixesha lokuba senze ilifa lethu libe lelempumelelo. Ngoku lixesha lokutyala imali kwiinketho zamandla ezibonelela oko sikufunayo ngomngcipheko omncinci kwimpilo yezigidi zabantu baseMelika. Ngoku lixesha lokukhusela amanzi ethu olwandle, uluntu lwethu oluselunxwemeni, kunye nezidalwa zasendle ezibiza ikhaya lolwandle.  

¹ UTrump Uvula Amanzi Amakhulu ukuya kuKwenjwa koLwandle, nguBrittany Patterson, uZack Coleman, iClimate Wire. Nge-5 kaJanuwari 2018

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-opens-vast-waters-to-offshore-drilling/

UCollins kunye noKumkani kwiFed Gcina i-Oli kunye neGesi yoKwemba kude noNxweme lwaseMaine, nguKevin Miller, ePortland Press Herald, nge-9 kaJanuwari 2018. http://www.pressherald.com/2018/01/08/collins-and-king-to-feds-keep-oil-and-gas-drilling-away-from-maines-coastline/?utm_source=Headlines&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Daily&utm_source=Press+Herald+Newsletters&utm_campaign=a792e0cfc9-PPH_Daily_Headlines_Email&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_b674c9be4b-a792e0cfc9-199565341

I-US ithumela i-Oli kunye neGesi kwiNqanaba lokurekhoda, uLaura Blewitt, iBloomberg News, i-12 Dec 2017 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-12/u-s-fuels-the-world-as-shale-boom-powers-record-oil-exports

UTrump Uvula Amanzi Amakhulu ukuya kuKwenjwa koLwandle, nguBrittany Patterson, uZack Coleman, iClimate Wire. Inzululwazi yaseMelika nge-5 kaJanuwari 2018   
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-opens-vast-waters-to-offshore-drilling/