Ukhuseleko lwethu luqala-kwaye luphela-ngoLwandle lwethu (Icandelo 2)

NguMark J. Spalding, uMongameli we-Ocean Foundation
Ugutyulo lweNkomfa yokuQala yeHlabathi kuLwandle, iMozulu, kunye noKhuseleko — Icandelo lesi-2 lesi-2

UMFANEKISO WOGWEBI LONXWEME APHA

Le nkomfa kunye neziko eliyiququzelele, Iziko leNtsebenziswano yeeLwandle, iMozulu noKhuseleko, zintsha kwaye zahlukile. Xa iZiko lasekwayo, yayiyi-2009-isiphelo seshumi leminyaka elifudumeleyo kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, kwaye amazwe ayecoca emva kothotho lwezaqhwithi ezirekhodiweyo zabetha uluntu olugudle iAtlantiki, iPasifiki, kunye neGulf of Mexico. Ndivumile ukujoyina iBhunga labacebisi kuba bendicinga ukuba le ndawo ikhethekileyo apho sithetha ngotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nefuthe layo kwiilwandle kunye nokhuseleko yayiyindlela entsha neluncedo yokuxoxa malunga nokuba isoyikiso sempilo yolwandle sisoyikiso kwimpilo yabantu. .

Njengoko ndiphawulile kwisithuba sam sangaphambili, inkomfa yajonga iindlela ezininzi zokhuseleko kwaye ugxininiso lokhuseleko lwelizwe lwalunomdla kakhulu. Ayikhange ibe yinxalenye yolwimi lwenkobe kulondolozo lolwandle, okanye kwintetho kawonke-wonke, ukuva iingxoxo zokuxhasa iSebe lezoKhuselo kwiinzame zalo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse (njengoyena msebenzisi mkhulu wamafutha efosili ehlabathini) , kwaye ulungiselele utshintsho lwemozulu ukuqinisekisa ukukwazi kwayo ukugcina ukulwa kunye neminye imisebenzi yokuxhasa ukhuseleko lwethu lwesizwe kwihlabathi jikelele. Izithethi yayiliqela leengcaphephe ezahlukeneyo kwezokhuseleko, iilwandle, nobudlelwane bokutshintsha kwemozulu kuqoqosho, ukutya, amandla nokhuseleko lwelizwe. Oku kulandelayo yimixholo egxininiswe ngamaphaneli:

Umxholo 1: Akukho Gazi leOli

Umkhosi ucacile ukuba eyona nto iphambili kufuneka ibe kukuphelisa iimfazwe zefosili. Uninzi lwemithombo yeoli esehlabathini ikumazwe ahluke kakhulu kwelethu. Iinkcubeko zahlukile, kwaye uninzi lwazo luchasa ngokuthe ngqo kwiminqweno yaseMelika. Ukugxila ekukhuseleni ukusetyenziswa kwethu akuphuculi ubudlelwane kuMbindi Mpuma, kwaye ke, abanye bathi okukhona sikwenza, kokukhona sikhuseleka kancinci.

Kwaye, njengabo bonke abantu baseMelika, iinkokeli zethu zomkhosi azithandi "ukulahlekelwa ngabantu bethu." Xa ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sokufa e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq yayiyiMarines ekhusela i-fuel convoys, kufuneka sifumane esinye isisombululo sokuhambisa izixhobo zethu zomkhosi emhlabeni jikelele. Eminye imifuniselo emitsha ihlawula ngokwenene. I-Marine Corp India Inkampani yaba yiyunithi yokuqala enjalo ukuthembela kumandla elanga endaweni yeebhetri kunye neejenereyitha zedizili: Ukunciphisa ubunzima obuthwala (amakhulu eeponti kwiibhetri zodwa) kunye nenkunkuma enobungozi (ibhetri kwakhona), kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu, ukwandisa ukhuseleko ngenxa yokuba kwakukho. akukho zijeneretha zenza ingxolo ukunika indawo kude (kwaye ke ayigqubuthele indlela yabangeneleli, nokuba).

Umxholo 2: Sasisesichengeni, kwaye sisesichengeni

Ingxaki yeoli ka-1973 yabangelwa yinkxaso yomkhosi wase-US kuSirayeli kwimfazwe yaseYom Kippur. Ixabiso leoli liphindeke kane kwisithuba esingaphantsi konyaka. Kwakungekhona nje malunga nokufikelela kwioli, kodwa ukutshitshiswa kwexabiso leoli kwakuyinto kwi-stock market crash ye-1973-4. Ngokuvuka ekubanjweni kukunqwenela kwethu i-oyile yangaphandle, siphendule kwintlekele (leyo yinto esiyenzayo xa kungekho cwangciso olusebenzayo). Ngo-1975, sasihlanganise iStrategic Petroleum reserve kunye nenkqubo yokonga amandla, saze saqalisa ukujonga iimayile ngegaloni nganye yokusetyenziswa kwizithuthi zethu. Siqhubekile nokuphonononga iindlela ezintsha zokufikelela kwiindawo zokugcina amafutha efosili, kodwa siye salwandisa ukhangelo lweendlela ezizezinye kunokuzimela kumandla avela kumazwe angaphandle ngaphandle kombane ococekileyo ovela emanzini osuka eCanada. Ngapha koko, indlela yethu yamandla isikhokelela namhlanje xa ingxaki ka-1973 eyadala umdla omkhulu wokuzimela kwamandla entshona ingqamana neenzame zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili ukwenzela ukuzimela, ukhuseleko, kunye nokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu.

Sihlala sisemngciphekweni wexabiso-kwaye okwangoku, xa ixabiso leoli lehla ukuya kwi-88 yeedola ngomphanda njengoko benzile kule veki-isondela kwiindleko eziphezulu (malunga ne-80 yeedola ngomphanda) wokuvelisa loo migqomo ye-marginal evela kwintlabathi yetha eMntla Dakota. kunye nokugrunjwa kwamanzi anzulu kulwandle lwethu, ngoku eyona nto sijolise kuyo ekhaya. Ngokwembali, xa imida yenzuzo iphantsi kakhulu kwiinkampani ezinkulu zeoyile, kukho uxinzelelo lokushiya izixhobo emhlabeni de ixabiso libuyele phezulu. Mhlawumbi, endaweni yoko, sinokucinga ngendlela yokushiya ezo zixhobo emhlabeni ngokugxila kwizisombululo ezingonakalisi indalo.

Umxholo wesi-3: Singagxila kuKhuselo noKhuseleko lweLizwe

Ke, ekuhambeni kwenkomfa, kwavela umngeni ocacileyo: Singayisebenzisa njani into entsha yasemkhosini (khumbula i-Intanethi) kukhangelo lwayo lwezisombululo ezifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa okukhawulezileyo kwinqanaba lokufuna ukuphuhlisa ngakumbi itekhnoloji efanelekileyo yoluntu?

Ubuchwephesha obunjalo busenokubandakanya izithuthi ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo (ezomhlaba, elwandle nasemoyeni), ii-biofuels eziphuculweyo, nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo efanelekileyo ehlaziyekayo efana namaza, amandla elanga kunye namandla omoya (kubandakanywa nokuveliswa kwamagunya). Ukuba senza njalo emkhosini, iingcali zomkhosi zithi imikhosi yethu exhobileyo iya kuba sengozini, siya kubona ukwanda kokulungela kunye nokuthembeka, kwaye siya kwandisa isantya sethu, uluhlu kunye namandla.

Ke ngoko, ezinye iinzame zomkhosi - ezinje ngokufaka iGreat Green Fleet exhaswa yi-algae-based biofuel - kudala isiza kwaye yayijoliswe ekunciphiseni ukuba sesichengeni kwethu ukuba i-oil spigot icinywe kwakhona. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekuthotyweni okuncomekayo komyinge omkhulu wokukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza.

Umxholo 4: Imisebenzi kunye neTeknoloji eTshintshekayo

Kwaye, njengoko sigxininisa kukhuseleko, kunye nokwenza ilizwe lethu (kunye nomkhosi walo) lingabikho emngciphekweni, kufuneka siqaphele ukuba uMkhosi waManzi awuzakhi iinqanawa zawo, okanye iinkqubo zabo zokuqhubela phambili, kwaye awusulungeki i-bio-fuels yayo. Endaweni yoko, ngumthengi omkhulu, omkhulu kakhulu emarikeni. Zonke ezi zisombululo ziyilelwe umkhosi ukuba uhlangabezane neemfuno zawo zerikhwizishini ziya kuba zizisombululo kushishino oludala imisebenzi. Kwaye, njengoko obu bugcisa bunciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha efosili bunokudluliselwa kwiimarike zasekuhlaleni, sonke siyazuza. Kubandakanya impilo yexesha elide yolwandle lwethu - eyona sinki yethu yekhabhoni inkulu.

Abantu bafumanisa ukuba ubungakanani bokutshintsha kwemozulu bubothusa. Kwaye kunjalo. Amandla omnye kunzima ukukholelwa kuwo, nokuba akhona.

Ukwenza into kwinqanaba lokusetyenziswa liSebe lezoKhuselo yinqanaba elinentsingiselo esinokuthi sonke sicinge ngayo. Utshintsho olukhulu luya kukhokelela kunciphiso olukhulu kunye nokuncipha okukhulu kwimingcipheko enxulumene nefosili yomkhosi, kunye neyethu. Kodwa esi sikali sinentsingiselo sikwathetha ukuba kuya kufaneleka ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji esiyifunayo. Le yimakethi ehambisa amandla.

Ke ngoku?

FAKA UMFANEKISO WE-PROVOST APHA

Ke, ukuphinda sihlaziye, sinokusindisa ubomi, sinciphise ukuba sesichengeni (kwixabiso lexabiso le-petrol spikes okanye ukulahleka kofikelelo kwizibonelelo), kunye nokwandisa ukulungela. Kwaye, oh ngendlela esinokufezekisa ngayo ukuthomalalisa utshintsho lwemozulu njengesiphumo ebesingalindelekanga.

Kodwa, kuba sithetha ngotshintsho lwemozulu masikhankanye ukuba umkhosi awusebenzi nje ekunciphiseni. Isebenza ekuziqhelaniseni. Ngokunyanisekileyo akukho nto inokuyenza ngaphandle kokuphendula kwiinguqu kwi-chemistry yolwandle (i-pH yehla), okanye i-oceanography ebonakalayo (efana nokunyuka komgangatho wolwandle), ngokusekelwe kuphando lwayo lwexesha elide kunye nokubeka iliso.

Umkhosi wamanzi wase-US unedatha yeminyaka eyikhulu yokunyuka komgangatho wolwandle ebonisa ukuba umgangatho wolwandle uyanyuka. Sele inyukile unyawo olupheleleyo kuNxweme lwaseMpuma, kancinci kancinci kuNxweme oluseNtshona, kwaye phantse iinyawo ezi-2 kwiGulf yaseMexico. Ke, bazamana nezi zixhobo zoMkhosi zaselunxwemeni ezicacileyo, kwaye baya kujongana njani nokunyuka komphakamo wolwandle bodwa phakathi kwemingcipheko emininzi?

Kwaye, uza kutshintsha njani umsebenzi weSebe lezoKhuselo? Okwangoku, ingqalelo yayo isuka e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan igxile kwi-Iran ne-China. Uza kunyuka njani umphakamo wolwandle, kudityaniswa nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu phezu kolwandle okuqhutywa ziziphango kwaye ngaloo ndlela izandyondyo zemvula zidala imingcipheko yabemi abaninzi baselunxwemeni abathi babe ziimbacu ezithi zimka? Ndibheja iSebe lezoKhuselo linesicwangciso semeko kwimisebenzi.