Icandelo 3: Emva kwesaqhwithi - iiplastiki elwandle

NguMark J. Spalding, uMongameli, i-Ocean Foundation kunye noCaroline Coogan, uMncedisi weSiseko, i-Ocean Foundation

Kwi-Ocean Foundation, besicinga kakhulu ngeziphumo. Sibuhlungu ngamabali alusizi abantu okulahlekelwa ngenxa yezaqhwithi ezifana neso santlitha iSt. Kuye kwakho ukuphalala kwemfesane noncedo kwabo bachaphazelekayo, kanye njengoko kufanele kube njalo. Besisoloko sizibuza ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinokuqikelelwa emva kwezaqhwithi kwaye singenza ntoni ukulungiselela iziphumo?

Ngokukodwa, siye sazibuza ukuba singanciphisa njani okanye sithintele njani umonakalo ovela kwinkunkuma edalwe zizikhukula, umoya, kunye nomonakalo owenziwe sisiphango-ingakumbi xa uvuthuza kunxweme namanzi aselunxwemeni. Ubuninzi bezinto ezikhukulisekayo emhlabeni nakwindlela yethu yamanzi kunye nolwandle lwenziwe ngezinto ezikhaphukhaphu, ezingenamanzi ezidada phantsi okanye ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Iza kwiimilo ezininzi, ubukhulu, ubukhulu, kwaye isetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwimisebenzi yabantu. Ukususela kwiingxowa zokuthenga kunye neebhotile ukuya kwizinto zokupholisa ukutya, ukusuka kwizinto zokudlala ukuya kwiifowuni-iiplastiki zikho kuyo yonke indawo kwiindawo zoluntu, kwaye ubukho bazo buviwa ngokunzulu ngabamelwane bethu bolwandle.

Ushicilelo lwakutsha nje lwe-SeaWeb ye-Marine Science Review lugxininise ingxaki elandela ngokwemvelo kwingxoxo ye-Ocean Foundation eqhubekayo malunga nezivunguvungu kunye nemiphumo, ngakumbi xa ujongene nengxaki yenkunkuma elwandle, okanye ngakumbi ngokusesikweni: i-debris yolwandle. Sobabini sikhuthazwa kwaye sothuswa ngamanani ahlaziywe ngoontanga kunye namanqaku ahambelanayo apapashwa ngoku nakwiinyanga ezizayo ezichaza le ngxaki. Kuyasikhuthaza ukwazi ukuba izazinzulu zifunda iziphumo zayo: ukusuka kuphando lwenkunkuma yaselwandle kwishelufa yelizwekazi laseBelgian ukuya kwimpembelelo yezixhobo zokuloba ezilahliweyo (umz. iminatha yesiporho) kumafudo olwandle nezinye izilwanyana eOstreliya, kunye nobukho beeplastiki. kwizilwanyana ezisusela kwiibharnacles ezincinci ukuya kwiintlanzi ezibanjiswa urhwebo ukuze zityiwe ngabantu. Sikhwankqisiwe kukwanda koqinisekiso lomlinganiselo wehlabathi wale ngxaki nokuba kungakanani ekufuneka kwenziwe ukuyilungisa – kunye nokuthintela ukuba ingabi mbi ngakumbi.

Kwimimandla engaselunxwemeni, izaqhwithi zidla ngokuba namandla kwaye zikhatshwa zizikhukula zamanzi athi chu ezantsi endulini eze kwimijelo yezaqhwithi, imijelo, imilambo kunye nemilambo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukuya elwandle. Loo manzi achola iibhotile ezininzi ezilityelweyo, iinkonkxa, kunye nenye inkunkuma esecaleni kweendlela, phantsi kwemithi, kwiipaki, kwanakwimigqomo yenkunkuma engakhuselekanga. Ithwala inkunkuma emanzini apho igxalathelana etyholweni ecaleni komandlalo womlambo okanye ibambeke ngasematyeni kunye neebhulorho, kwaye ekugqibeleni, inyanzelwa yimisinga, ifumana indlela yayo kumanxweme kunye nakwimigxobhozo nakwezinye iindawo. Emva kweNkanyamba uSandy, iingxowa zeplastiki zazihombise imithi egudle unxweme lweendlela ukuya phezulu njengesaqhwithi—esingaphezu kweemitha ezili-15 ukusuka emhlabeni kwiindawo ezininzi, zithwalwa apho ngamanzi njengoko egxalathelana ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya elwandle.

Amazwe aseziQhingini sele enomceli mngeni omkhulu xa kufikwa kwinkunkuma—umhlaba ukwixabiso eliphezulu kwaye ukuwusebenzisa kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma akwenzeki ncam. Kwaye - ngakumbi ngoku kwiiCaribbean - banomnye umngeni xa kuziwa kwinkunkuma. Kwenzeka ntoni xa kufika isaqhwithi kwaye amawaka eetoni zenkunkuma esele ishiyeke kwizindlu zabantu kunye nezinto ezithandekayo? Iza kubekwa phi? Kwenzeka ntoni kwiingqaqa ezikufuphi, kumanxweme, kwimithi ye<em>mangrove, namadlelo olwandle xa amanzi esizisa kuzo inkunkuma eninzi exutywe nentlenga, ilindle, izinto zokucoca izindlu, nezinye izinto ezazigcinwe ekuhlaleni kwabantu de kufike isaqhwithi? Ingakanani inkunkuma ethwalwa yimvula eqhelekileyo emijelweni naselwandle nakumanzi akufuphi? Kwenzeka ntoni kuyo? Ibuchaphazela njani ubomi baselwandle, uyolo lokuzonwabisa, kunye nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho egcina uluntu lwezi ziqithi luphila?

Inkqubo yeNdalo yeCaribbean ye-UNEP kudala iyazi le ngxaki: iqaqambisa imiba kwiwebhusayithi yayo, Inkunkuma eqinileyo kunye neLitha yaseLwandle, kunye nokudibanisa abantu abanomdla malunga neendlela zokuphucula ulawulo lwenkunkuma ngeendlela ezinciphisa ubungozi kumanzi akufuphi nonxweme kunye neendawo zokuhlala. I-Ocean Foundation yeZibonelelo kunye neGosa loPhando, u-Emily Franc, uzimase enye indibano enje ngokwindla lokugqibela. Amaqela aquka abameli abaphuma kuluhlu lwemibutho karhulumente kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente.[1]

Ilahleko ebuhlungu yobomi kunye nelifa loluntu kwizaqhwithi zangaphambi kweKrisimesi yayiyisiqalo nje sebali. Sinetyala kubahlobo bethu basesiqithini sokucinga kwangaphambili ngeminye imiphumo yezaqhwithi zexesha elizayo. Siyazi ukuba ngenxa yokuba esi saqhwithi sasingaqhelekanga, oko akuthethi ukuba akusayi kubakho ezinye iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezilindelekileyo.

Siyazi kwakhona ukuba ukuthintela iiplastiki kunye nolunye ungcoliseko ekufikeleleni elwandle kufuneka kube yeyona nto iphambili kuthi. Inkoliso yeplastiki ayiqhekeki ize imke elwandle—isuka nje iqhekeke ibe ziinxalenye ezincinci nezincinane, iphazamise inkqubo yokutya nenzala yezilwanyana nezityalo ezihlala zincinci elwandle. Njengoko usazi, kukho ukudityaniswa kweplastiki kunye nolunye ubutyobo kwii-gyres ezinkulu kulo lonke ulwandle lwehlabathi-kunye nePatch enkulu yenkunkuma yePasifiki (kufuphi neMidway Islands kwaye igubungele umbindi woLwandlekazi lwePasifiki) yeyona idumileyo, kodwa, ngokudabukisayo. , asiyodwa.

Ke, kukho inyathelo elinye esinokulixhasa sonke: Ukunciphisa ukwenziwa kweeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye, ukukhuthaza izikhongozeli ezizinzileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuzisa ulwelo kunye nezinye iimveliso apho ziya kusetyenziswa khona. Kwakhona sinokuvumelana ngenyathelo lesibini: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iikomityi, iibhegi, iibhotile, kunye nenye inkunkuma yeplastiki igcinwa ngaphandle kwemibhobho yemvula, imisele, imijelo kunye neminye imijelo yamanzi. Sifuna ukugcina zonke izikhongozeli zeplastiki zingagqitheli elwandle nakwiilwandle zethu.

• Singaqinisekisa ukuba yonke inkunkuma iyarisayikilishwa okanye ilahlwe ngaphandle ngokufanelekileyo.
• Singathabatha inxaxheba kucoceko loluntu ukunceda ukukhupha inkunkuma enokuthi ivale imijelo yethu yamanzi.

Njengoko besesitshilo amaxesha amaninzi ngaphambili, ukubuyisela iinkqubo zonxweme lelinye inyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa uluntu olukwaziyo ukuzimela. Abahlali baselunxwemeni abakrelekrele abatyala imali ekwakhiweni ngokutsha kwezi ndawo zokuhlala ukuze bancede balungiselele isaqhwithi esiyingozi esilandelayo bafumana ulonwabo, uqoqosho kunye nezinye iingenelo ngokunjalo. Ukugcina inkunkuma elunxwemeni nangaphandle kwamanzi kwenza uluntu lube nomtsalane ngakumbi kwiindwendwe.

ICaribbean ibonelela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeziqithi kunye nezizwe ezingaselunxwemeni ukutsala iindwendwe ezivela kulo lonke elaseMelika nakwihlabathi. Kwaye, abo bakwishishini lokuhamba kufuneka bakhathalele iindawo abaya kuzo abathengi babo ngokuzonwabisa, ishishini kunye nosapho. Sonke sithembele kumalwandle ayo amahle, iingqaqa zekorale ezizodwa, kunye nezinye izinto ezimangalisayo zendalo ukuze siphile, sisebenze, kwaye sidlale. Singadibana ukuze sithintele ukwenzakala apho sinakho kwaye silungise iziphumo, njengoko kufuneka.

[1] Iqela lemibutho lisebenzela ukufundisa, ukucoca, nokuchonga izisombululo kungcoliseko lweplastiki elwandle. Ziquka i-Ocean Conservancy, i-5 Gyres, i-Plastiki ye-Pollution Coalition, i-Surfrider Foundation, kunye nabanye abaninzi.