Ukukhusela Okubonwayo Nengabonwayo: Ulwandle lwaseSargasso

Umbhali: Mark J. Spalding

Inkupho yakutshanje yeNew Scientist ikhankanya “ukuzala kweeeels” njengenye yezinto ezili-11 esizaziyo ukuba zikho, kodwa asizange siyibone ngokwenene. Kuyinyani-imvelaphi kunye neepatheni ezininzi zokufuduka kwee-eels zaseMelika kunye neYurophu ziyaziwa ngokubanzi de zifike njengeeel zabantwana (elvers) emilonyeni yemilambo esemantla rhoqo entwasahlobo. Uninzi lomjikelo wabo wobomi udlala ngaphandle kombono womntu. Esikwaziyo kukuba kwezi eels, njengezinye izidalwa ezininzi, uLwandle lwaseSargasso yeyona ndawo zifuna ukuchuma kuyo.

Ukususela ngo-Matshi 20 ukuya kwi-22, iKomishoni yoLwandle lwaseSargasso yadibana ne-Key West, eFlorida kwi-NOAA Eco-Discovery Centre apho. Esi sisihlandlo sokuqala ukuba bonke abaKomishinala babe kunye ukususela oko abona bakomishinala bakutshanje (kuquka nam) babhengezwe ngoSeptemba ophelileyo.

Ke yintoni i IKomishoni yoLwandle lwaseSargasso? Yenziwe yinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Hamilton Declaration" kaMatshi ka-2014, eyathi yamisela ukubaluleka kwendalo kunye nebhayoloji yoLwandle lwaseSargasso. IsiBhengezo sikwavakalise uluvo lokuba uLwandle lwaseSargasso lufuna ulawulo olulodwa olugxile kulondolozo lwendalo nangona uninzi lwayo lungaphandle kwemida yalo naluphi na uhlanga.

I-Key West yayikwimowudi yekhefu yasentwasahlobo epheleleyo, eyenza ukuba abantu abakhulu babukele njengoko sasihamba sibuya sisiya kwiziko le-NOAA. Ezintlanganisweni zethu nangona kunjalo, sasigxile kakhulu kule mingeni iphambili kune-sunscreen kunye ne-margaritas.

1. Okokuqala, i-2 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ze-square ye-Sargasso Sea ayinalo unxweme lokuchaza imida yalo (kwaye ke akukho ndawo zonxweme zokuyikhusela). Imephu yoLwandle ayibandakanyi i-EEZ yaseBermuda (elona lizwe likufutshane), kwaye ngaloo ndlela ingaphandle kolawulo lwalo naliphi na ilizwe kwinto esiyibiza ngokuba ziilwandle eziphakamileyo.
2. Okwesibini, ukuswela imida yomhlaba, uLwandle lwaseSargasso endaweni yoko luchazwa yimisinga eyenza i-gyre, ngaphakathi apho ubomi bolwandle buninzi phantsi kweemethi zesargassum edadayo. Ngelishwa, le gyre inye inceda ukubambisa iiplastiki kunye nolunye ungcoliseko oluchaphazela kakubi iieels, iintlanzi, ufudo, oononkala kunye nezinye izidalwa ezihlala apho.
3. Okwesithathu, uLwandle aluqondwa kakuhle, mhlawumbi ngokwembono yolawulo okanye kwimbono yezenzululwazi, kwaye alaziwa kakuhle ngokubaluleka kwalo kushishino lokuloba nezinye iinkonzo zolwandle ezikude.

I-ajenda yeKomishoni yale ntlanganiso yayikukuphonononga okuphunyeziweyo nguNobhala weKomishoni, ukumamela uphando lwamva nje ngoLwandle lwaseSargasso, kunye nokubeka izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka kulo nyaka uzayo.

Intlanganiso yaqala ngentshayelelo yeprojekthi yokwenziwa kweemaphu ebizwa ngokuba yi-CONVERAGE (CONVERAGE yi-CEOs (iKomidi yeSathelayithi yokuQophela uMhlaba) Okhangela Vifanelekile Aukuhlela Ri-esearch kunye Aisicelo se GI-EO (iQela elisemhlabeni lokuQwalasela) eyathi yadityaniswa yiNASA kunye neJet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL CalTech). I-CONVERAGE ijolise ekuhlanganiseni konke ukuqwalaselwa kwesathelayithi kuquka umoya, imisinga, ubushushu bomphezulu wolwandle kunye nobutyuwa, iklorofili, umbala njl.njl. kunye nokwenza isixhobo sokubonisa ukujonga iimeko kuLwandle lwaseSargasso njengomqhubi wemizamo yehlabathi. I-interface ibonakala isebenziseka kakhulu kwaye iya kufumaneka kuthi kwiKomishoni yokuvavanya ukuqhuba malunga neenyanga ezi-3. Izazinzulu zeNASA kunye ne-JPL bezifuna iingcebiso zethu malunga neeseti zedatha esingathanda ukuzibona kwaye sikwazi ukoleka ngolwazi esele lukhona kuqwalaselo lwesathelayithi yeNASA. Imizekelo yayiquka ukulandelwa kwenqanawa kunye nokulandelwa kwezilwanyana eziphawulweyo. Ishishini lokuloba, i-oyile negesi yegesi, kunye nesebe lezokhuselo sele linazo ezo zixhobo zokubanceda bafezekise imisebenzi yabo, ngoko esi sixhobo sitsha sesabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nabaphathi bemithombo yendalo.

IKomishoni kunye noosonzululwazi beNASA/JPL baye bahlukana baba ziintlanganiso ngaxeshanye kwaye kwicala lethu, saqala ngokuvuma iinjongo zeKomishoni yethu:

• ukuqondwa okuqhubekayo kokubaluleka kwendalo kunye nebhayoloji yoLwandle lwaseSargasso;
• ukukhuthazwa kophando lwenzululwazi ukuqonda ngcono uLwandle lwaseSargasso; kwaye
• ukuphuhlisa izindululo zokungenisa kwimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, yengingqi kunye neyengingqi ukuze kuqhutyekwe phambili iinjongo zeHamilton Declaration.

Emva koko siye sajonga imeko yeenxalenye ezahlukeneyo zesicwangciso sethu somsebenzi, kubandakanya:

• ukubaluleka kwe-ikholoji kunye nemisebenzi ebalulekileyo
• imisebenzi yokuloba phambi kweKomishoni yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoLondolozo lwe-Atlantiki Tunas (ICCAT) kunye noMbutho wezokuLoba we-Atlantiki yaseMntla-ntshona.
• imisebenzi yokuthumela ngenqanawa, kuquka naleyo iphambi koMbutho weZizwe ngeZizwe waseLwandle
• iintambo eziphantsi kolwandle kunye nemisebenzi yokwembiwa kwemigodi ephantsi kolwandle, kubandakanywa nezo ziphambi kwe-International Seabed Authority
• izicwangciso zolawulo lweentlobo ezifudukayo, kuquka nezo ziphambi kweNgqungquthela yeZilwanyana eziFudukayo kunye neNkomfa yoRhwebo lweZilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni wokuTshabalala.
• kwaye ekugqibeleni indima yedatha kunye nolawulo lolwazi, kunye nendlela eyayiza kuhlanganiswa kwizikimu zolawulo

IKomishoni iqwalasele izihloko ezitsha, ezibandakanya ungcoliseko lweplastiki kunye nobutyobo baselwandle kwi-gyre echaza uLwandle lwaseSargasso; kunye nendima yesakhono sokutshintsha iinkqubo zolwandle ezinokuchaphazela indlela yeGulf Current kunye neminye imisinga emikhulu eyenza iSargasso Sea.

I-Sea Education Association (WHOI) inenani leminyaka yolwazi olusuka kwiitrali zokuqokelela kwaye zijonge ungcoliseko lweplastiki kuLwandle lwaseSargasso. Uvavanyo lwangaphambili lubonisa ukuba uninzi lwale nkunkuma lunokwenzeka ukuba luvela kwiinqanawa kwaye lubonisa ukusilela ukuthobela i-MARPOL (iNgqungquthela yeZizwe ngezizwe yoThintelo loNgcoliseko oluvela kwiiNqanawa) kunemithombo esekwe emhlabeni yongcoliseko lwaselwandle.

Njenge-EBSA (I-Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Area), uLwandle lwaseSargasso lufanele ukuqwalaselwa njengekhaya elibalulekileyo lezityalo zepelagic (kuquka izixhobo zokuloba). Ngaloo nto engqondweni, sixubushe umxholo weenjongo zethu kunye nesicwangciso somsebenzi ngokumalunga neSigqibo se-UN General Assembly yokuqhuba ingqungquthela entsha egxininise kwi-biodiversity ngaphaya kolawulo lwesizwe (ukugcinwa nokusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kolwandle oluphezulu). Kwinxalenye yengxoxo yethu, siphakamise imibuzo malunga nokubakho kwengxabano phakathi kweekomishini, ukuba iKomishoni yoLwandle lwaseSargasso ibeke umlinganiselo wolondolozo usebenzisa umgaqo wokhuseleko kunye nosekelwe kwiindlela ezingcono zolwazi ezisekelwe kwisayensi yesenzo eLwandle. Kukho inani lamaziko anoxanduva lweendawo ezahlukeneyo zolwandle oluphezulu, kwaye la maziko agxininise kakhulu kwaye asenokungathathi mbono opheleleyo wolwandle oluphezulu ngokubanzi, okanye ngakumbi uLwandle lwaseSargasso.

Xa thina kwikomishini siphinde sadibana noosonzululwazi, savumelana ukuba ugqaliselo olukhulu lwentsebenziswano lubandakanya intsebenziswano yeenqanawa kunye nesargassum, ukuziphatha kwezilwanyana kunye nokusetyenziswa koLwandle lwaseSargasso, kunye nokwenziwa kwemephu yokuloba ngokunxulumene nolwandle kunye nekhemikhali yolwandle. Ulwandle. Sikwavakalise umdla omkhulu kwiiplastiki kunye nenkunkuma yaselwandle, kunye nendima yoLwandle lwaseSargasso kwimijikelo yamanzi kunye nemozulu.

Ndiziva ndinelunda ngokusebenza kule komishini nabantu abacinga ngolu hlobo. Kwaye ndinombono kaGqr. Sylvia Earle wokuba uLwandle lwaseSargasso lunokukhuselwa, lufanele lukhuselwe, kwaye luya kukhuselwa. Into esiyidingayo sisikhokelo sehlabathi jikelele semimandla yokhuseleko lwaselwandle kwiindawo zolwandle ezingaphaya kwemida yelizwe. Oku kufuna intsebenziswano ekusetyenzisweni kwezi ndawo, ukuze sinciphise impembelelo kwaye siqinisekise ukuba ezi zibonelelo zentembeko zoluntu ezizezalo lonke uluntu zabiwa ngokufanelekileyo. Amantshontsho eeel namafudo olwandle axhomekeke kuwo. Kwaye kunjalo nathi.