ICownose Ray yaseChesapeake Bay

Umbhali: UMaggie Bass, ngenkxaso evela kuBeryl Dann

UMargaret Bass yibhayoloji enkulu kwiKholeji yase-Eckerd kwaye uyinxalenye yoluntu lwabafundi be-TOF.

Kwiminyaka engamakhulu amabini eyadlulayo, iChesapeake Bay yayizele bubomi ngomkhamo ophantse ucinge ukuba akunakwenzeka namhlanje. Ixhasa kwaye iyaqhubeka nokuxhasa uluhlu lwabahlali baselunxwemeni-nangona imisebenzi yabantu ukusuka ekuvuneni okugqithisileyo ukuya ekuphuhlisweni okugqithisileyo kuye kwabangela umonakalo. Andingomlobi. Andazi uloyiko lokuxhomekeka kumthombo ongalindelekanga wengeniso. Ukuloba kum bekusoloko kululonwabo. Ngenxa yemeko endikuyo, ndisaphoxekile xa ndifika ndivela ekulobeni kungekho ntlanzi yokuqhotsa. Ekubeni ubomi bomntu busesichengeni, ndinokuyithelekelela nje indlela impumelelo yalo naluphi na uhambo lokuloba enokuba nentsingiselo engaka kumlobi. Nantoni na ephazamisa umlobi ozisa intlanzi eninzi, kuye, ngumcimbi wobuqu. Ndiyasiqonda isizathu sokuba umlobi weoyster okanye unonkala anokuba nenzondo enje ngemitha yenkomo, ngakumbi emva kokuva ukuba imitha yenkomo ayiyonzalelwane, ukuba imitha yeray eChesapeake yayikhula ngaphandle kolawulo, kwaye le mitha iyabatshabalalisa oononkala abaluhlaza kunye nabemi beoyster. . Akukhathaliseki nokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ezo zinto zibe yinyaniso—umtha wenkomo ulitshijolo.

Imitha yenkomo mihle. Imizimba yazo imile okwedayimane, inomsila omde obhityileyo kunye namaphiko abhityileyo anamaphiko. Xa zishukuma, zikhangeleka ngathi zibhabha emanzini. Umbala wazo omdaka phezulu uzivumela ukuba zizimele kumlambo onodaka ukusuka kumarhamncwa phezulu kwaye umphantsi omhlophe uzinika ukufihlakala okudibene nesibhakabhaka esiqaqambileyo kwimbono yamarhamncwa angezantsi. Ubuso babo buntsokothile kwaye kunzima ukuba umfanekiso. Iintloko zazo zimile okwesikweri kancinci kumbindi wempumlo kunye nomlomo obekwe ngaphantsi kwentloko. Banamazinyo atyumkileyo, kunokuba babe namazinyo abukhali njengezalamane zabo zikakrebe, kuba batya iimbaza ezinamaqokobhe athambileyo—eyona nto bayithandayo.

Imitha yeCownose iya kwindawo yaseChesapeake Bay ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kwaye ifudukele eFlorida ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Zizidalwa ezinomdla kwaye ndibabonile behlola idokhi yethu kwikhaya lethu losapho emazantsi eMaryland. Ukukhula ndibabona kwindawo yethu, babesoloko bendenza ndizive ndinovalo. Ukudityaniswa kwamanzi oMlambo iPatuxent ansundu amdaka nokuwabona eshukuma ngobuchwephesha nobuhle obunjalo nokungazi nto ingako ngawo kwabangela olu xhala. Noko ke, ngoku ekubeni ndikhulile yaye ndisazi ngakumbi ngabo, abasandisoyikisi. Ndicinga ukuba bahle ngokwenene. Kodwa okubuhlungu kukuba, imitha yenkomo iyahlaselwa.

Kukho impikiswano enkulu malunga neray yenkomo. Amajelo eendaba asekuhlaleni kunye namashishini okuloba abonisa imitha yenkomo njengento ehlaselayo neyonakalisayo, kwaye abaphathi bezokuloba basekuhlaleni maxa wambi bakhuthaza ukuloba ndlongondlongo kunye nokuloba imitha yenkomo ukukhusela iintlobo ezinqweneleka ngakumbi ezifana neembatyisi kunye nescallops. Idatha yokuxhasa olu phawu lwesifundo senkomo epapashwe kwijenali inzululwazi ngo-2007 nguRansom A. Myers weDyunivesiti yaseDalhousie kunye noogxa bakhe enesihloko esithi, “Isiphumo sokuCasa kwelahleko yeApex Predatory Sharks kuLwandle oluNxweme”. Uphononongo lugqibe kwelokuba ukuhla kookrebe kukhokelele ekwandeni okukhawulezileyo kwimitha yenkomo. Kuphononongo, uMyers ukhankanye kuphela imeko enye yebhedi ye-scallop eNorth Carolina eyayichongwe icocekile yimitha yenkomo. Uphononongo lwenze kwacaca ukuba ababhali bayo babengenalo nofifi lokuba ingaba imitha yenkomo itya kangakanani na i-scallops kunye nezinye iimveliso zokutya kwaselwandle ezithengiswayo kwezinye iindawo nakwamanye amaxesha onyaka, kodwa loo nkcukacha ilahlekile. Abalobi baseChesapeake Bay bakholelwa ukuba imitha yenkomo icinezela iimbatyisi kunye noononkala abaluhlaza ukuba batshabalale kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ixhasa ukutshatyalaliswa kunye "nokulawula" imitha. Ngaba ngokwenene imitha yenkomo ayilawuleki? Akukho phando oluninzi lwenziweyo malunga nokuba zingaphi imitha yenkomo eChesapeake Bay ngokwembali, enokuxhasa ngoku, okanye ukuba ezi zenzo zokuloba zinobundlongondlongo zibangela ukwehla kwabemi. Kukho ubungqina, nangona kunjalo, ukuba imitha yenkomo ibihlala ihlala eChesapeake Bay. Abantu bagxeka impumelelo engalinganiyo yeenzame zokukhusela iimbatyisi kunye noononkala obuluhlaza kwimitha yenkomo, ngokusekwe kuphela kwizimvo zikaMyers malunga nemitha etya i-scallops kwindawo enye kuphononongo lwakhe luka-2007.

Ndiye ndakubona ukubanjwa nokubulawa kwemitha yenkomo kuMlambo iPatuxent. Abantu basemlanjeni kwiinqanawa ezincinci ezinama-harpoons okanye imipu okanye iigwegwe kunye nomgca. Ndibabonile betsala imisebe beyibetha ecaleni kwezikhephe zabo de ubomi bubashiyile. Yandenza umsindo. Ndaziva ngathi ndinoxanduva lokukhusela loo mitha. Ndakhe ndambuza umama, “Akukho mthethweni oko?” kwaye ndoyika kwaye ndibuhlungu xa endixelela ukuba akunjalo.

Bendisoloko ndingomnye wabo bantu bakholelwa ukuba kubalulekile ukukwazi ukuzilimela nokuvuna ukutya kwam. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba abantu babebamba i-ray okanye ezimbini kwisidlo sakusihlwa, ngoko ndandingakhathali. Ndikhe ndabamba ndaza ndatya eyam intlanzi kunye noonokrwece kwipropati yethu amaxesha amaninzi, kwaye ngokwenza oku, ndifumana ulwazi malunga nokuguquguquka kwenani leentlanzi kunye noonokrwece. Ndiyayiqaphela indlela endivuna ngayo kuba ndifuna ukukwazi ukuqhubeka nokuvuna kumanzi ajikeleze indawo yam. Kodwa ukuxhelwa ngobuninzi kwemitha yenkomo ayizinzi kwaye ayinabuntu.

Ekugqibeleni imitha yenkomo inokubulawa ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuxhela kudlulela ngaphaya kokubeka ukutya etafileni kusapho. Kukho intiyo emva kokuvunwa okukhulu kwemitha yenkomo eBay—intiyo ebangelwa luloyiko. Uloyiko lokuphulukana nezona zinto zimbini zaziwayo zaseChesapeake Bay: oononkala abaluhlaza kunye neembatyisi. Uloyiko lwabalobi lokucotha kwexesha lonyaka kunye nokwenza kancinci imali eyaneleyo yokuziphilisa, okanye akukho konke konke. Nangona kunjalo asazi ngokwenene ukuba i-ray yi-villain-ngokungafaniyo, ngokomzekelo, i-catfish eluhlaza, edla kakhulu kwaye itya yonke into ukusuka kwi-crabs ukuya kwintlanzi yabantwana.

Mhlawumbi lixesha lesisombululo esilumkileyo. Ukuxhelwa kwemitha yenkomo kufuneka kuyekwe, kwaye uphando olunzulu kufuneka lwenziwe, ukuze kuqhutywe ulawulo olufanelekileyo lokuloba. Izazinzulu zinokuphawula imitha yenkomo ngendlela efanayo ookrebe abaphawulwa ngayo kwaye balandelelwe. Indlela yokuziphatha kunye neepateni zokutyisa kwimitha yenkomo inokulandelelwa kwaye idatha eninzi iqokelelwe. Ukuba kukho inkxaso enkulu yezenzululwazi ebonisa ukuba imitha yenkomo icinezela i-oyster kunye ne-blue crab stocks, ngoko oku kufuneka kuthumele umyalezo wokuba impilo kunye nolawulo olubi lwe-Bay lubangela olu xinzelelo kwimitha yenkomo, kwaye ngokwenene olu xinzelelo kwi-blue crabs kunye iimbatyisi. Singakwazi ukubuyisela ibhalansi yeChesapeake Bay ngeendlela ezingafaniyo nokuxhelwa kweentlobo ezinokuthi zihlume.

Iikhredithi zefoto: 1) NASA 2) URobert FisherI-VASG

Inqaku lomhleli: NgoFebruwari 15, 2016, isifundo yapapashwa kwijenali Iingxelo zeSayensi, apho iqela leengcali zenzululwazi elikhokelwa nguDean Grubbs weYunivesithi yaseFlorida State liphikisa uphononongo olucatshulwe ngokubanzi luka-2007 (“Isiphumo Sokulahlekelwa KweeApex Predatory Sharks kuLwandle Olunxwemeni”) eyafumanisa ukuba ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo kookrebe abakhulu kubangele ugqabhuko-dubulo. kubemi bemitha yelanga, eyathi yona iqwenge i-bivalves, iiclams kunye nescallops ecaleni koNxweme lwaseMpuma.