Incwadana yoPhando (ngo-2005, kwikota yesi-3)

nguMark J. Spalding

I-Ocean Foundation "isiseko soluntu" lokuqala kwiilwandle, kunye nazo zonke izixhobo ezimiselwe kakuhle zesiseko soluntu kunye nokugxila ngokukodwa kulondolozo lwaselwandle. Ngaloo ndlela, i-Ocean Foundation ijongana nemiqobo emibini engundoqo kulondolozo olusebenzayo ngakumbi lolwandle: ukunqongophala kwemali kunye nokungabikho kwendawo apho ukudibanisa iingcali zolondolozo lwaselwandle ngokulula kubaxhasi abanqwenela ukutyala imali. Injongo yethu kukuxhasa, ukomeleza, nokukhuthaza loo mibutho izinikele ekubuyiseleni umva umkhwa wokutshatyalaliswa kokusingqongileyo kolwandle kwihlabathi liphela.

Ikota yesi-3 ka-2005 uTyalo-mali yi-Ocean Foundation

Ngexesha leKota yesi-3 ka-2005, i-Ocean Foundation yaqaqambisa ezi projekthi zilandelayo, kwaye yenza izibonelelo zokuxhasa: 

IINkanyamba KUNYE NOLONDOLOZO LWASELWANDLE

ABALOBI

Iintlanzi ezininzi zokuloba i-shrimp, ii-crane zazo kunye neminatha yazo zidlala ukusuka emacaleni azo njengamaphiko, ziye zaphoswa elunxwemeni okanye kwingca yolwandle. Balala behlangene okanye bebodwa kwii-angles ezingaqhelekanga. . . Izityalo zokusetyenzwa kwe-shrimp kwi-bayou zityunyuziwe kwaye ziqatywe nge-slime yodaka olunevumba elibi, i-intshi ubukhulu. Amanzi aye ewuthile, kodwa wonke lo mmandla unuka ilindle, amafutha edizili kunye nokubola. (IntraFish Media, 7 Septemba 2005)

Phantse i-30% yeentlanzi ezityiwa e-US minyaka le zivela kwiGulf of Mexico, kwaye isiqingatha sayo yonke iimbatyisi ezityiwayo zisuka kumanzi aseLouisiana. Iinkanyamba uKatrina noRita babangele ilahleko eqikelelwa kwi-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kushishino lokutya kwaselwandle, kwaye esi sixa asibandakanyi izakhiwo ezonakalisiweyo, njengezikhephe, iidokhi kunye nezityalo. Ngenxa yoko, i-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ivakalise intlekele yokuloba kwi-Gulf, isinyathelo esiyimfuneko sokukhulula uncedo kubalobi kunye neentlanzi zendawo kunye nee-arhente zezilwanyana zasendle.

Iintlobo ezifana neshrimps ezimdaka namhlophe ezizala ngaselunxwemeni zize zifudukele elwandle ukuya kuhlala emhadini ziye zatshatyalaliswa kakhulu indawo yazo. Amagosa eentlanzi nezilwanyana zasendle nawo aye avakalisa inkxalabo yokuba kuya kubakho ukwanda kokubulawa kweentlanzi ngenxa “yeendawo ezifileyo,” iindawo ezingenayo ioksijini encinane okanye ezingenayo ioksijini njengezinto eziphilayo ezibolayo eziye zakhukuliseka kumachibi nakwiNyoba.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba isiqingatha ukuya kwikota yesithathu yoshishino lokubambisa iikreyifishi eFlorida iye yacinywa ngenxa yomonakalo kwizixhobo zokusebenza. Imboni ye-oyster yaseFlorida yaseFranklin County, esele ilwa nomonakalo obangelwa yiNkanyamba uDennis, ngoku ilwa ne-wave wave ebomvu kunye nemiphumo eyonakalisayo yeNkanyamba uKatrina.

Enye into echaphazelekayo yayilushishino lokuloba olubalulekileyo eLouisiana nakwamanye amazwe aseGulf. E-Louisiana, ukuloba kwezemidlalo kwenze i-895 yezigidi zeedola kwiintengiso zokuthengisa ngo-2004, kwaye kwaxhasa imisebenzi eyi-17,000 (Associated Press, 10/4/05).

Ubungqina obungacingelwayo obuvela ekuncipheni okubukhali ekulobeni okulotywayo kwiintsuku ezingaphambi kweNkanyamba uKatrina zibonakalisa ukuba uninzi lweentlobo ekujoliswe kuzo zawushiya lo mmandla ngaphambi koqhwithela. Nangona oku kunika abalobi abaninzi ithemba lokuba intlanzi kunye nokuloba kuya kubuya ngenye imini, kuya kuthatha ixesha ngaphambi kokuba sazi ukuba kuya kuba nini, okanye ukuba sempilweni kangakanani.

Ungcoliseko

Uqikelelo lomonakalo kushishino lokuloba aluqalisi ukunika ingxelo ngayo nayiphi na ingozi enokubakho evela kumanzi angcolisekileyo ampontshwa ukusuka eNew Orleans ukuya eLake Ponchartrain ukuya kwiGulf. Okubandakanyiweyo kwezi nkxalabo ziimpembelelo zentlenge kunye netyhefu kwi-300 yezigidi zeedola ngonyaka kwishishini lembatyisi eLouisiana. Enye into exhalabisayo zizigidi zeelitha zeoli ezachitheka ebudeni bezaqhwithi—abacoci kuthiwa sele berhabule okanye basusa iilitha zeoli ezizizigidi ezisisi-2.5 kumagxobhozo, imijelo nakumazwe ekuchitheke kuwo okona kukhulu.

Ngokucacileyo iinkanyamba bezibetha iGulf coast kangangeenkulungwane. Ingxaki iGulf ngoku ikhule kakhulu kangangokuba oku kudala intlekele yesibini kubantu kunye nenkqubo yendalo kulo mmandla. Uninzi lwezityalo zepetrochemical, iziza zenkunkuma enetyhefu, iindawo zokuhluza ioyile kunye namanye amashishini abekwe ecaleni kweGulf kunye nemithombo yayo. Amagosa karhulumente abandakanyekayo kucoceko asazama ukuchonga amagubu “enkedama” athe, athe avuthululwa aza akhukuliswa ziziphango nawo aphulukene nemibhalo yawo kwizikhukula kulandela izaqhwithi zakutsha nje. Akukacaci ukuba zeziphi na iikhemikhali ezichithekileyo, ukuphuphuma kwamanzi amdaka okanye ezinye iityhefu ezihlanjwe kwiGulf of Mexico okanye kwimigxobhozo eseleyo eselunxwemeni, okanye ubungakanani bobutyobo obubuyiselwe ngaphandle kwiGulf kunye nokuhla kwesaqhwithi. Kuza kuthatha iinyanga ukususa ubutyobo obuza kurhwebesha iminatha yokuloba nezinye izixhobo. Isinyithi esinzima “kwisuphu enetyhefu” evela eKatrina naseRita inokuba neempembelelo zexesha elide kuluntu lweentlanzi eziselunxwemeni nakwi pelagic, nto leyo ekhokelela kwingozi eyongezelelekileyo kubomi babalobi borhwebo nezemidlalo bommandla, kunye nenkqubo yendalo yaselwandle.

IMBONO YOBUBI IYAKUZA

Ngelixa kungenakwenzeka ukuba sithi nasiphi na isaqhwithi esibangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukufudumala kwehlabathi mhlawumbi kubangela ukwanda okuphindaphindayo kunye noburhalarhume bezitshingitshane ezibetha i-United States. Ukongezelela, inkupho kaOktobha 3 yephephancwadi i<em>Time yanikela ingxelo yokwanda kwezitshingitshane ezinamandla kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idluleyo.

•     Umyinge wonyaka wodidi lwesi-4 okanye lweenkanyamba ezi-5 ngowe-1970-1990: 10
• Umyinge wonyaka weenkanyamba zowe-4 zowe-5 okanye ezi-1990: 18
• Umyinge wokunyuka kobushushu bolwandle kwiGulf ukususela ngo-1970: 1 degree F

Oko ezi ziqhwithi zimele, nangona kunjalo, isidingo sokugxila ekulungiseleleni intlekele, okanye ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kumanxweme kunye nemibutho esebenza ukukhusela izixhobo zabo zaselwandle. Siyazi ukuba abantu behlabathi bafudukela emanxwemeni, ukukhula kwabemi akusayi kuncipha kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka, kwaye uqikelelo lokutshintsha kwemozulu lufuna ukonyuka koxinzelelo (ubuncinci kakhulu), kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba kube njalo, kwezi ntlobo izaqhwithi. Ixesha langaphambili lenkanyamba, kunye nenani elongezelelweyo kunye namandla eenkanyamba kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo kubonakala ngathi izandulela zento esijongene nayo kwixesha elizayo elingekude. Ukongeza, ingqikelelo yokunyuka komphakamo wolwandle inokonyusa ukuba sesichengeni konxweme kwiziphango kuba imisinga kunye namanye amanyathelo okukhusela izikhukhula anokugutyungelwa ngokulula ngakumbi. Ngaloo ndlela, uKatrina noRita banokuba ngowokuqala kwiintlekele ezininzi zoluntu oluselunxwemeni esinokulindela-kunye nemiphumo emibi kakhulu yobuncwane baselwandle.

I-Ocean Foundation iya kuqhubeka nokuxhasa ngemali ukomelela, ukunika uncedo apho sinakho, kwaye siya kufuna amathuba okuxhasa iinzame zemibutho yolondolozo lwamanxweme kunye nee-arhente zikarhulumente ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo kuya kwizicwangciso zokwakhiwa kwakhona kunye nokubuyisela.

Amathuba amatsha oTyalo-mali

I-TOF ibeka iliso elibukhali phambili kumsebenzi wokulondoloza ulwandle, ikhangela izisombululo zempumelelo ezifuna inkxaso-mali kunye nenkxaso, kunye nokunxibelelana ngolwazi olutsha olubaluleke kakhulu kuwe.

Ngubani: Umbutho woLondolozo lwezilwanyana zasendle
apho: Amanzi ase-US / iGulf of Mexico
Intoni: I-42-square-nautical-mile yee-Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary yenye yeendawo ezingcwele ze-13 ezimiselwe ngokusemthethweni ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwaye ikwiGulf of Mexico, malunga neekhilomitha ezili-110 ukusuka kumanxweme aseTexas naseLouisana. I-FGBNMS igcina enye yezona ndawo ziphilileyo ze-coral reef kwingingqi yeCaribbean, kunye neyona ndawo isemantla ye-coral reefs e-United States. Likhaya kubantu abasempilweni beentlanzi ezibalulekileyo kwezorhwebo nakwezoqoqosho, kubandakanywa izigebenga ezibini: eyona ntlanzi inkulu kunye ne-whale shark esemngciphekweni wehlabathi kunye ne-ray enkulu, i-manta. Ukuntywila kwi-Scuba ngaphakathi kwe-FGBNMS ixhasa uqoqosho lwasekhaya kwaye ixhomekeke kubuninzi bezilwanyana zasendle zaselwandle ukuze zidibane nookrebe, imitha ye-manta, kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezinkulu ze-pelagic. Iintlanzi zaselwandle ezinkulu ezifuduka kakhulu njengeManta kunye neWhale Shark zidla ngokuba ziintlobo ezityibilikayo kwiintanda zolondolozo ngenxa yokunqongophala kolwazi ngebhayoloji yazo kwaye ngokukodwa indawo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo, ubuninzi kunye neentshukumo.
Ngoba: Umbutho woLondolozo lweZilwanyana zaseNdle uGqr. Rachel Graham usebenze kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokubeka iliso zokumaka kunye nokuphanda ngookrebe kwiCaribbean ukusukela ngo-1998. kunye neGulf of Mexico. Ulwazi oluphuma kolu phando lubalulekile ngenxa yokunqongophala kolwazi ngezi ntlobo zezilwanyana ngokubanzi kunye nokutya kwazo kunye nokuxhomekeka kwamaxesha onyaka kwezi ntaba zolwandle kwakunye nokubaluleka kolu lwandle lwesizwe ekukhuseleni kuzo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kumjikelezo wobomi bazo. Inyama yokrebe womnenga inexabiso eliphezulu kwaye ukuzingelwa kwesi sigebenga sinoxolo kubeka emngciphekweni ithuba lokufunda ngakumbi ngabo nefuthe labo kwindawo ebangqongileyo.
Njani: I-Ocean Foundation ye-Coral Reef Field-of-Interest Fund, exhasa iiprojekthi zengingqi ezikhuthaza ulawulo oluzinzileyo lwe-coral reefs kunye neentlobo ezixhomekeke kuzo, ngelixa ifuna amathuba okuphucula ulawulo lwe-coral reefs ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kakhulu.

Ngubani: IReef Educational Foundation
apho: iGulf of Mexico
Intoni: I-REEF isebenzela uphononongo lweentlanzi oluqhubekayo ukuze kubhalwe ubume boluntu lweentlanzi kunye nokubeka iliso kwiintlanzi kwiFlower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary kunye ne-Stetson Bank kwaye iya kuba nethuba lokwenza uphononongo lokulandelela ngokuthelekisa idatha yesaveyi yeentlanzi ngaphambi nasemva kweenkanyamba. Ibekwe kwiikhilomitha nje ukusuka kunxweme lwaseTexas, i-Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) isebenza njengendawo yokugcina izinto eziphilayo kwiintlobo zeCaribbean kumantla eGulf of Mexico kwaye iya kusebenza njenge-bellwether yempilo yeentlanzi zolwandle kwi-Gulf ekuvukeni. yezaqhwithi. Amaqondo obushushu ayabanda kancinci ebusika eStetson Bank, ekumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-48 emantla kwaye yongezwa kwiSanctuary ngo-1996. Ukuzonwabisa nge-scuba diving kunye nokuloba zizinto eziqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwendawo engcwele. Ezinye iindawo zengcwele zenziwe ngooyile kunye negesi.
Ngoba: I-REEF iqhuba uphando ngeentlanzi kwi-Gulf ukususela ngo-1994. Inkqubo yokuhlola ekhoyo ivumela i-REEF ukuba ilandele naluphi na utshintsho kwinani lentlanzi, ubukhulu, impilo, indawo yokuhlala kunye nokuziphatha. Emva kweeNkanyamba ezidlula kwingingqi yeGulf kunye notshintsho kubushushu bamanzi ashushu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumanisa ukuba olu tshintsho lwemozulu luyichaphazela njani inkqubo yendalo yaselwandle. Amava e-REEF kunye neerekhodi ezikhoyo ngokusingqongileyo ngaphantsi kwamanzi kulo mmandla ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni iimpembelelo zezi nkanyamba zakutsha nje. I-REEF isebenzisa uphando olwenziweyo ukunceda iNdawo eNgcwele kwiinkqubo zolawulo kunye nokwazisa abasemagunyeni ngazo naziphi na izoyikiso kwezi ndawo zokuhlala.
Njani: I-Ocean Foundation ye-Coral Reef Field-of-Interest Fund, exhasa iiprojekthi zengingqi ezikhuthaza ulawulo oluzinzileyo lwe-coral reefs kunye neentlobo ezixhomekeke kuzo, ngelixa ifuna amathuba okuphucula ulawulo lwe-coral reefs ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kakhulu.

Ngubani:  TOF Rapid Response Field-of-Interest Fund
apho: Kumazwe aphesheya
Intoni: Le ngxowa-mali ye-TOF iya kuba lithuba lokubonelela ngenkxaso yemali kwimibutho efuna uncedo olukhawulezileyo kwiimfuno ezixinzelelekileyo kunye nomsebenzi ongxamisekileyo.
Ngoba: Emva kweeNkanyamba uEmily, uKatrina, uRita, noStan kunye neTsunami, i-TOF yafumana izicelo zenkxaso eziphuthumayo ezivela kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo ecela inkxaso-mali ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhawulezayo. Ezo mfuno ziquka iimali zezixhobo zokujonga umgangatho wamanzi kunye neentlawulo zovavanyo lwaselabhoratri; imali yokutshintsha izixhobo ezonakaliswe zizikhukula; kunye neemali zokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza izixhobo zaselwandle ukunceda ukwazisa impendulo yokubuyisela / ukubuyisela. Kwakhona kwakukho inkxalabo yokuba uluntu olungenzi nzuzo luswele amandla okwakha uhlobo lokugcinwa okanye ukuthenga "i-inshurensi yokuphazamiseka kweshishini" eya kunceda ukuhlawula imivuzo yabasebenzi babo abanamava, abanolwazi ngala maxesha okutshatyalaliswa.

Emva kwezo zicelo, iBhodi ye-TOF yagqiba ekubeni yenze iNgxowa-mali eza kusetyenziswa kuphela ukunika uncedo olukhawulezileyo kumaqela ajongene neemeko zonxunguphalo apho izibonelelo zifuneka ngokungxamisekileyo. Ezi meko azikhawulelwanga kwiintlekele zendalo, kodwa ziya kubandakanya iiprojekthi ezifuna iziphumo ezikhawulezayo njengoko iinzame kwinqanaba lendawo liququzelela ukudala isicwangciso sexesha elide kwimithombo yolwandle echaphazelekayo kunye nokuphila kwabo baxhomekeke kubo.
Njani: Iminikelo evela kubaxhasi abachaza ukuba bangathanda ukuba imali yabo ifakwe kwi-TOF Rapid Response FIF.

Iindaba ze-TOF

• I-Tiffany Foundation inike i-TOF isibonelelo se-$ 100,000 yokuxhasa abasebenzi be-TOF ekuphandeni iiprojekthi ezinomdla kwihlabathi jikelele kunye nokunceda abaxhasi ngamathuba angcono ahambelana neemfuno zabo zokunika.
• I-TOF ikwinkqubo yophicotho lwayo lokuqala kwaye iza kuba nengxelo kungekudala!
• UMongameli uMark Spalding uza kube emele i-TOF kwiNkomfa yeHlabathi ngoLwandle, iNxweme, neZiqithi ngoMgaqo-nkqubo weHlabathi eLisbon, ePortugal ngomhla we-10 ku-Okthobha wama-2005 apho aza kuthabatha inxaxheba kuluhlu lwabaxhasi bamazwe ngamazwe olujikelezayo.
• I-TOF isandula ukugqiba iingxelo ezimbini zophando lwabaxhasi: Enye kwi-Isla del Coco, eCosta Rica kunye nenye kwiZiqithi zaseNorthwestern Hawaiian.
• I-TOF incede ngenkxaso-mali yophando lwasemva kwetsunami olunempembelelo kwimithombo yolwandle eyenziwe yiNew England Aquarium kunye neNational Geographic Society. Ibali liya kuba kwinkupho kaDisemba yephephancwadi iNational Geographic.

Amanye Amagama Okugqibela

I-Ocean Foundation iyasandisa amandla ommandla wolondolozo lolwandle kwaye ivala umsantsa phakathi kweli xesha lokukhula kokuqonda ngentlekele kwiilwandlekazi zethu kunye nenyani, ephunyeziweyo yolondolozo lweelwandle zethu, kubandakanya ulawulo oluzinzileyo kunye nemibutho yolawulo.

Ngo-2008, i-TOF iza kube idale uhlobo olutsha ngokupheleleyo lwe-philanthropy (isiseko soluntu esinxulumene nonobangela), iseke isiseko sokuqala samazwe ngamazwe esigxile kuphela kulondolozo lolwandle, kwaye ibe ngumxhasi wesithathu ngobukhulu wabucala wolondolozo lolwandle ehlabathini. Nayiphi na kwezi mpumelelo ingathethelela ixesha kunye nemali yokuqala ukwenza i-TOF iphumelele - zontathu ziyenza ibe lutyalo-mali olulodwa nolunyanzelisayo egameni leelwandle zesijikelezi-langa kunye neebhiliyoni zabantu abaxhomekeke kuzo ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo yobomi.

Njengaso nasiphi na isiseko iindleko zethu zokusebenza zezeendleko ezithi zixhase ngokuthe ngqo imisebenzi yokunikezelwa kwezibonelelo okanye imisebenzi yesisa engqalileyo (efana nokuya kwiintlanganiso zeeNGO, abaxhasa ngemali, okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiibhodi, njl. njl.).

Ngenxa yemfuneko eyongeziweyo yogcino-zincwadi olucokisekileyo, ukulinywa kwabaxhasi, kunye nezinye iindleko zokusebenza, sabela malunga ne-8 ukuya kwi-10% njengepesenti yethu yolawulo. Silindele ukunyuka kwexesha elifutshane njengoko sizisa abasebenzi abatsha ukuba balindele ukukhula kwethu okuzayo, kodwa injongo yethu iyonke iya kuba kukugcina ezi ndleko zincinci, ngokuhambelana nombono wethu omkhulu wokufumana inkxaso-mali eninzi kwintsimi yolondolozo lwaselwandle. kangangoko kunokwenzeka.