Ulawulo oluSekwe kumalungelo

Ukuphumeza iinjongo zethu zokwandisa impilo yolwandle ngeli lixa sikhusela uluntu oluphila ngokuloba, i-Ocean Foundation isebenze ixesha elide kwaye nzima kunye nabo sisebenza nabo kwezolondolozo lwaselwandle ukuxhasa ngemali uluhlu lwezixhobo zolawulo lolwandle nokuloba, ukuqala ngoMthetho ka-1996. yenziwe ngokwenene.

Noko ke, sixhalabela ngakumbi utyekelo lomntu, xa sijamelene neengxaki ezilolu hlobo nezintsonkothileyo, lokufuna “imbumbulu yesilivere” esihendayo. Nye isisombululo esiya kufezekisa uqoqosho, imo engqongileyo, kunye nozinzo lwentlalo kwiinzame zokuloba kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngelishwa ezi zisombululo "zomlingo", ngelixa zithandwa ngabaxhasi, abawi-mthetho kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abeendaba, abazange basebenze ngokufanelekileyo njengoko singathanda, kwaye bahlala benemiphumo engalindelekanga.

Ngokomzekelo, cinga ngemimandla ekhuselweyo yaselwandle—kulula ukubona ingenelo yokubekela bucala ngokukhethekileyo imimandla etyebileyo, ukukhusela iindawo ezifudukayo, okanye ukuvala iindawo ezizalela kuzo ngamaxesha onyaka—ukuze kuxhaswe iinkalo ezibalulekileyo zobomi bezidalwa zaselwandle.  Kwangaxeshanye, loo mimandla ikhuselweyo ayinako “ukusindisa iilwandle” iyodwa. Kufuneka zikhatshwe zizicwangciso zokulawula ukucoca amanzi aqukuqela kuzo, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko oluphuma emoyeni, emhlabeni, nasemvuleni, kuqwalaselwe ezinye iintlobo ezinokuthi zibe sengozini xa sigxuphuleka kwimithombo yazo yokutya okanye ezizingelayo. , kunye nokunciphisa imisebenzi yabantu echaphazela unxweme, kufuphi nonxweme kunye neendawo zokuhlala zaselwandle.

Iqhinga elinobungqina obuncinane kakhulu, kodwa eliye lixhaphakile lelo “silver bullet” yesicwangciso sodluliselo lomntu ngamnye (ekwaziwa ngokuba zii-ITQs, IFQs, LAPPS, okanye izabelo zokubamba). Le suphu yealfabhethi inikezela ngobutyebi boluntu, oko kukuthi, ushishino oluthile lokuloba, kubantu babucala (kunye namaqumrhu), nangona kukho uthethwano oluvela kwimithombo yenzululwazi malunga “nokulotywa” okucetyiswayo okuvunyelweyo. Umbono apha ngowokuba ukuba abalobi “bangabo” ubutyebi, ngoko ke baya kuba nenkuthazo yokuphepha ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo, ukunqanda ukuhlasela kwabo bakhuphisana nabo, kunye nokunceda ukulawula ubutyebi obukhuselweyo bozinzo lwexesha elide.

Kunye nabanye abaxhasi ngezimali, siye saxhasa ii-ITQ ezilungelelaniswe kakuhle (ngokwendalo, intlalo-nkcubeko kunye nezoqoqosho), sizijonga njengovavanyo lomgaqo-nkqubo obalulekileyo, kodwa hayi imbumbulu yesilivere. Kwaye siye sakhuthazwa ukubona ukuba kwezinye iindawo zokuloba eziyingozi kakhulu, ii-ITQ zithetha ukuba abalobi baziphatha ngendlela engenabungozi kangako. Asikwazi ukuzibamba kodwa sicinge, nangona kunjalo, ukuba njengomoya, iintaka, i-pollen, imbewu (oops, sithe sayithetha loo nto?), njl., ukuzama ukuseka ubunini phezu kwemithombo eshukumayo, kwinqanaba elisisiseko, yinto engekho ngqiqweni. , kwaye loo ngxaki isisiseko ikhokelele ekubeni uninzi lwezi zicwangciso zobunini bezakhiwo zidlale ngendlela elusizi kubalobi nakwiintlanzi.

Ukususela kwi2011, Suzanne Rust, intatheli ephandayo ye I-California Watch kwaye i Iziko leNgxelo yoPhando, uye waphanda iindlela inkxaso ye-philanthropic ye-ITQ/izicwangciso zokubamba izabelo ezinokuthi zenzakalisa uluntu oluxhomekeke ekulobeni kwaye zasilela ukufikelela kwiinjongo zolondolozo. Ngomhla we-12 kuMatshi, ngo-2013, ingxelo yakhe, Inkqubo iguqula amalungelo okuloba ase-US abe yimveliso, icudisa abalobi abancinci wakhululwa. Le ngxelo iyavuma ukuba, nangona ulwabiwo lwezixhobo zokuloba lunokuba sisixhobo esilungileyo, amandla alo okwenza utshintsho oluqinisekileyo anomda, ngakumbi ngendlela emxinwa ephunyezwe ngayo.

Eyona nto ixhalabisayo kukuba "izabelo zokubamba," nangona uqikelelo oluncomekayo oluvela kwiingcali zoqoqosho, ziye zasilela kwiindima zabo ezicetywayo njenge-1) isisombululo solondolozo, njengoko inani leentlanzi liye laqhubeka lihla kwiindawo eziphantsi kwe-ITQs / izabelo zokubamba, kunye ne-2) a isixhobo sokunceda ukugcina iinkcubeko zaselwandle zamandulo kunye nabalobi abancinci. Kunoko, isiphumo ebesingalindelekanga kwiindawo ezininzi ibikukwanda kokulawulwa koshishino lokuloba ezandleni zeenkampani neentsapho ezimbalwa ezinamandla kwezobupolitika. Ezona ngxaki zoluntu kushishino lokuloba iicod eNew England ngumzekelo nje omnye wale mida.

Ii-ITQ/Izabelo zokubamba, njengesixhobo ngokwazo, azinandlela yokujongana nemiba efana nolondolozo, ukugcinwa koluntu, uthintelo lodwa, kunye nokuxhomekeka kweentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana. Ngelishwa, ngoku sisabambekile kwezi zibonelelo zilinganiselweyo zolwabiwo kwezona zihlomelo zakutsha nje kuMthetho weMagnuson-Stevens.

Ngamafutshane, akukho ndlela ibalulekileyo yezibalo yokubonisa ukuba ii-ITQ zibangela ulondolozo. Akukho bungqina bokuba izabelo zokubambisa zidala inzuzo yezoqoqosho kuye nabani na ngaphandle kwe-quasi-monopolies ethi ivele xa udibaniso lwenzekile. Akukho bungqina bokuba kukho izibonelelo ze-ikholoji okanye zebhayoloji ngaphandle kokuba ukuloba kuncitshisiwe kwaye umthamo ogqithisileyo uyekile. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuphazamiseka kwentlalo kunye / okanye ukulahleka koluntu.

Kumxholo wokuhla kwemveliso kulwandlekazi lwehlabathi, kubonakala kungumnqa kancinci ukuchitha ixesha elininzi namandla kuphanda amasuntswana ento enye yomgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lokuloba. Nangona kunjalo, nanjengoko sifuna ukwenza nzulu ixabiso lezinye izixhobo zolawulo lokuloba, sonke siyavuma ukuba ii-ITQ kufuneka zibe sesona sixhobo sibaluleke kakhulu sinokuba siso. Ukomeleza ukusebenza kwayo, sonke kufuneka siqonde:

• Ngawaphi amashishini okuloba alotywe ngokugqithisileyo okanye ancipha ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba ezi ntlobo zenkuthazo yezoqoqosho zishiywe lixesha ukuba zikhuthaze ubugosa, kwaye sinokufuna ukuthi hayi?
• Sizinqanda njani iinkuthazo ezigqwethekileyo zezoqoqosho ezidala ukudityaniswa kweshishini, kwaye ngaloo ndlela, amandla ezopolitiko kunye nenzululwazi-resistance monopolies, njengoko kwenzekile kwide facto 98% quota ebanjwe yinkampani ezimbini menhaden (aka bunker, shiner, porgy) ishishini?
• Indlela yokuchaza imithetho ngendlela efanelekileyo yokuxabisa ngokufanelekileyo ii-ITQ kunye nokuthintela iziphumo ezingalindelekanga zentlalo, ezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo? [Kwaye le miba kutheni izabelo zokubambisa ziphikisana kakhulu e-New England ngoku.]
• Siqinisekisa njani ukuba amaqumrhu amakhulu, afumana inkxaso-mali engcono, anamandla kwezopolitiko asuka kweminye imimandla awazivaleli izithuthi ezisebenzisana noluntu kushishino lokuloba lwengingqi?
• Ukumiswa njani naziphi na iinkuthazo zoqoqosho ukunqanda iimeko ezinokuvusa amabango "okuphazamisana nenzuzo yezoqoqosho," nanini na xa indawo yokuhlala kunye nokhuseleko lwezilwanyana okanye ukuncitshiswa kwetotali evumelekileyo yokubambisa (TAC) iba yimfuneko yezenzululwazi?
• Zeziphi ezinye izixhobo zokubeka iliso nemigaqo-nkqubo ekufuneka sizisebenzise ngokudityaniswa nee-ITQs ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthamo ogqithisileyo esinawo kumaphenyane okuloba awupheleli nje ekutshintsheni kwamanye amashishini okuloba kunye neejografi?

Ingxelo entsha evela kwiZiko leNgxelo yoPhando, njengezinye iingxelo ezininzi eziphandwe kakuhle, kufuneka yenze ukuba imibutho yolondolozo lwaselwandle kunye noluntu olulobayo luthathele ingqalelo. Sesinye isikhumbuzo sokuba esona sisombululo silula kakhulu akunakwenzeka ukuba sibe sesona silungileyo. Indlela eya ekuphumezeni iinjongo zethu zolawulo lokuloba oluzinzileyo ifuna inyathelo ngenyathelo, elicingisisiweyo, iindlela ezininzi.

Iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo

Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe, nceda ubone iividiyo zethu ezimfutshane ezingezantsi, zilandelwa yidekhi yethu yePowerPoint kunye namaphepha amhlophe, athetha ngokwethu imbono yesi sixhobo sibalulekileyo solawulo lokuloba.

IMarike yeentlanzi: Ngaphakathi kwidabi leMali eNkulu yoLwandle kunye neSidlo sakho sangokuhlwa

Incwadi ka-Lee van der Voo ebhalwe kakuhle, elungeleleneyo (#FishMarket) “IMarike yeentlanzi: Ngaphakathi kwidabi lemali enkulu ye-Ocean kunye nePlati Yakho yeSidlo” malunga nezabelo zokubambisa-ukwaba iintlanzi ezizezabo bonke abantu baseMelika kwizilangazelelo zabucala. . Ngokuphathelele izigqibo zencwadi: 

• Izabelo zokubambisa ziphumelele? Ukhuseleko lwabalobi—ukufa nokwenzakala okumbalwa elwandle. Akusayi kuphinda kubanjwe ukufa! Okukhuselekileyo kulungile.
• Ilahleko ngezabelo zokubambisa? Ilungelo lokuloba kuluntu olulobayo oluncinci kwaye ngokulandelelana, isiseko sentlalo yezizukulwana elwandle. Mhlawumbi kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba uluntu lunezabelo ngombono welifa lexesha elide loluntu.
• Ingaba ijaji ingaphandle? Nokuba izabelo ezibambiswayo ziyayigcina intlanzi, okanye ziqinisekise umsebenzi ongcono wabantu kunye neendlela zokuloba. Benza oosozigidi.

Izabelo zokubamba: Iimbono ezivela kwi-Ocean Foundation

Icandelo I (Intshayelelo) – “Izabelo zoLoba zoMntu ngamnye” zenzelwe ukwenza ukuloba kukhuseleke. “Izabelo zokubambisa” sisixhobo sezoqoqosho abanye bakholelwa ukuba sinokunciphisa ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo. Kodwa kukho iinkxalabo…

Icandelo II – Ingxaki yokuManyaniswa. Ngaba izabelo zokubambisa zidala ukuLoba kuShishino ngeNdleko yoLuntu lokuLoba lweSintu?

Icandelo III (Isiphelo) – Ngaba izabelo zokubambisa ziDala iLungelo lePropati yaBucala kuMthombo woLuntu? Iinkxalabo ezingakumbi kunye neZiphetho ezivela kwi-Ocean Foundation.

Idekhi yeNdawo yaMandla

Bamba Izabelo

Amaphepha White

Ulawulo oluSekwe kumalungelo nguMark J. Spalding

Izixhobo kunye noBuchule boLawulo lwezokuLoba oluFanelekileyo nguMark J. Spalding

BUYELA KUPHANDO