Iworkshop yaseMazantsi yeCalifornia Marine Mammal

NguMark J. Spalding, uMongameli, i-Ocean Foundation

Igumbi laliphila ngokubulisa kunye nokuncokola njengoko abathathi-nxaxheba babehlanganisene kwiseshoni yokuqala. Sasikwindawo yenkomfa kwi-Pacific Life ye-5th yonyaka Iworkshop yaseMazantsi yeCalifornia Marine Mammal. Kubaphandi abaninzi, oogqirha bezilwanyana, kunye neengcaphephe zomgaqo-nkqubo, esi sisihlandlo sokuqala bebonana ukusukela kunyaka ophelileyo. Kwaye abanye babebatsha kwindawo yokusebenzela, kodwa bengekho ebaleni, kwaye nabo bafumana abahlobo bakudala. Iworkshop ifikelele kwisikhundla sayo esiphezulu sabathathi-nxaxheba abali-175, emva kokuqalisa ngama-77 kuphela kunyaka wokuqala.

I-Ocean Foundation inebhongo ngokubambisana nalo msitho kunye ne Pacific Life Foundation, kwaye le workshop iqhubeka nesithethe esilungileyo sokubonelela ngamathuba okudibanisa nabanye abaphandi, abasebenzi basendle elunxwemeni nasemanzini ngokuhlangula izilwanyana zaselwandle, kunye nabambalwa abo umsebenzi wabo wobomi ujikeleza imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemithetho ekhusela izilwanyana zaselwandle. . UTennyson Oyler, uMongameli omtsha wePacific Life Foundation, wavula iworkshop kwaye kwaqala ukufunda.

Kwakukho iindaba ezimnandi. I-harbor porpoise ibuyele eSan Francisco Bay okokuqala ngqa kwisithuba seminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe, ibekwe esweni ngabaphandi abasebenzisa ithuba lokuhlangana kwemihla ngemihla yeeporpoise ezondla kufutshane neGolden Gate Bridge ngexesha lokuza kwamanzi. Imitya engazange ibonwe ngaphambili malunga ne-1600 yeengonyama ezincinci zaselwandle kwintlakohlaza edlulileyo kubonakala ngathi akunakwenzeka ukuba ziphinde kulo nyaka. Ukuqonda okutsha kokudityaniswa konyaka kweentlobo ezinkulu ezifudukayo njengeminenga emikhulu eluhlaza kufuneka ixhase inkqubo esemthethweni yokucela utshintsho kwiindlela zokuthumela ngenqanawa ukuya eLos Angeles naseSan Francisco ngeenyanga ezilapho.

Iphaneli yasemva kwemini yagxininisa ekuncedeni izazinzulu nezinye iingcali zezilwanyana ezanyisayo zaselwandle zibalise amabali azo ngempumelelo. Iphaneli yonxibelelwano yayiquka abantu abavela kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo kulo mmandla. Isithethi sesidlo sangokuhlwa yaba nguGqr. Bernd Würsig owathi kunye nomfazi wakhe bagqibezela uphando oluninzi, wafundisa abafundi abaninzi, kwaye waxhasa iinzame zokwandisa intsimi kunokuba uninzi lwezazinzulu zinexesha, kuncinci ukwenza ithuba, lokwenza.

NgoMgqibelo yayilusuku oluthe lwajika ingqalelo yethu kumbandela ophambili kwiingxoxo ezininzi malunga nobudlelwane bomntu nezilwanyana zaselwandle: umba wokuba ingaba izilwanyana zaselwandle kufuneka zigcinwe ekuthinjweni okanye zifuyelwe ukuba zithinjelwe, ngaphandle kwezo zihlanguliweyo yonakele kakhulu ukuba ingaphila endle.

Isithethi sesidlo sasemini sichaze iiseshini zasemva kwemini: UGqr. Lori Marino ovela kwi Iziko laseKimmela leNkuthazo yeZilwanyana kunye neZiko leeNqobo zokuziphatha kwiYunivesithi yase-Emory, lithetha ngomba wokuba ingaba izilwanyana zaselwandle ziyaphumelela na xa zivalelwe. Intetho yakhe inokushwankathelwa kula manqaku alandelayo, ngokusekwe kuphando lwakhe kunye namava amkhokelele kwingqikelelo enkulu yokuba i-cetaceans ayiphumeleli ekuthinjweni. Ngoba?

Okokuqala, izilwanyana zaselwandle zikrelekrele, ziyazazi kwaye zizimele. Bazimele ngokwentlalo kwaye bayinkimbinkimbi-banokukhetha intandokazi phakathi kweqela labo lentlalontle.

Okwesibini, izilwanyana zaselwandle kufuneka zihambe; ube nendalo eyahlukeneyo; balawule ubomi babo kwaye babe yinxalenye yezibonelelo zentlalo.

Okwesithathu, izilwanyana zaselwandle ezivalelweyo zinezinga eliphezulu lokufa. Kwaye, AKUKHO luphuculo kwiminyaka engama-20 yamava ekufuyweni kwezilwanyana.

Okwesine, nokuba kusendle okanye ekuthinjweni, eyona nto ibangela ukufa lusulelo, kwaye ekuthinjweni, usulelo luvela ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yempilo enkenenkene yamazinyo ekuthinjweni ngenxa yeendlela zokuthinjwa kuphela ezikhokelela kwizilwanyana zaselwandle ukuba zihlafune (okanye zizame ukuhlafuna. ) kwimivalo yentsimbi kunye nekhonkrithi.

Okwesihlanu, izilwanyana zaselwandle eziseluvalelweni zikwabonisa amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo, nto leyo ekhokelela kuxinzelelo lomzimba kunye nokufa kwangoko.

Ukubanjwa akuyondalo kwizilwanyana. Iindidi zokuziphatha ezinyanzeliswa kukuqeqeshwa kwezilwanyana zaselwandle ukuba zenze kwimiboniso zibonakala zikhokelela kwiintlobo zoxinzelelo ezibangela ukuziphatha okungenzekiyo endle. Umzekelo akukho zihlaselo ziqinisekisiweyo ebantwini zii-orcas zasendle. Ngaphaya koko, uthi sele sihamba sijonge kukhathalelo olungcono kunye nolawulo lobudlelwane bethu nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo eziguquke kakhulu ezineenkqubo zentlalo ezintsonkothileyo kunye neepateni zokufuduka. Zimbalwa kwaye zimbalwa iindlovu eziboniswa kwimizi yogcino-zilwanyana ngenxa yokufuna indawo enkulu kunye nokunxibelelana nabanye abantu. Uninzi lweenethiwekhi zelabhoratri zophando ziye zayeka ukulinga iitshimpanzi kunye namanye amalungu osapho lwenkawu.

UGqr. Marino wafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ukuthinjwa akusebenzi kwizilwanyana zaselwandle, ngakumbi amahlengesi kunye nee-orcas. Wacaphula ingcali ngezilwanyana zaselwandle uGqr. uNaomi Rose, owathetha kamva kwangaloo mini, esithi, “ubunzima [obugqalwa] basendle abunakuthetheleleka kwiimeko zokuthinjwa.”

Iphaneli yasemva kwemini nayo yajongana nomba wezilwanyana ezanyisayo zaselwandle eziseluvalelweni, ii-orcas kunye namahlengesi ngakumbi. Abo bakholelwa ukuba izilwanyana zaselwandle azifanele zigcinwe ngokupheleleyo ekuthinjweni bathi ngoku lixesha lokuyeka iinkqubo zokuzalanisa ekuthinjweni, kwenziwe isicwangciso sokunciphisa inani lezilwanyana eziseluvalelweni, nokuyeka ukubanjwa kwezilwanyana ngenjongo yokubonisa okanye ezinye iinjongo. Baqiqa ngelithi iinkampani zokuzonwabisa zokwenza ingeniso zinomdla wokukhuthaza ingcamango yokuba izilwanyana zaselwandle ezidlalayo nezinye ezibonisa izidalwa ezanyisayo zinokuphumelela ngenkathalo, uvuselelo olufanelekileyo nokusingqongileyo. Ngokunjalo, i-aquaria ethenga izilwanyana ezisanda kubanjwa kwiindawo zasendle ezikude ne-United States zinomdla onjalo, kuyaphikiswa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba loo maqumrhu nawo anegalelo elikhulu kwiinzame ezihlangeneyo zokunceda ngexesha lokutsalwa kwezilwanyana ezincancisayo zaselwandle, uhlangulo olufunekayo, kunye nophando olusisiseko. Abanye abakhuseli besakhono sonxibelelwano lokwenyani lwezilwanyana ezanyisayo zoluntu lwaselwandle bachaza ukuba iipeni zamahlengesi ophando lwaselwandle zivuleleke kwindawo ekude kumhlaba. Ngokwengcamango, amahlengesi anokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo aze akhethe ukungahambi—abaphandi abaphanda ngawo bakholelwa ukuba amahlengesi enze ukhetho olucacileyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho iindawo ezibanzi zesivumelwano sokwenyani, nangona ezinye iindawo zokungavumelani malunga nokubonisa, ukusebenza, kunye nexabiso lezifundo zophando oluthinjiweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuyavunywa ukuba:
Ezi zilwanyana zikrelekrele kakhulu, zizilwanyana ezintsonkothileyo ezinobuntu obahlukileyo.
Ayizizo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana okanye zonke izilwanyana ezilungele ukuboniswa, nto leyo ekufuneka ikhokelele kunyango olwahlukileyo (kwaye mhlawumbi nokukhululwa) ngokunjalo.
Uninzi lwezilwanyana zaselwandle ezihlangulweyo eziseluvalelweni azikwazanga ukuphila endle ngenxa yokwenzakala okukhokelele ekuhlangulweni kwazo.
Siyazazi izinto malunga ne-physiology yamahlengesi kunye nezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle ngenxa yophando oluthinjiweyo ebesingenakulwazi ngenye indlela.
Umkhwa ubhekiselele kumaziko ambalwa nambalwa anezilwanyana zaselwandle eziboniswa e-United States kunye ne-European Union, kwaye loo ndlela inokwenzeka ukuba iqhubeke, kodwa ilungiswa ngokukhula kwengqokelela yezilwanyana ezithinjiweyo zase-Asiya.
Kukho iindlela ezingcono zokugcinwa kwezilwanyana ekuthinjweni ekufuneka zibekwe emgangathweni kwaye ziphindaphindwe kuwo onke amaziko kwaye iinzame zemfundo kufuneka zibe ndlongondlongo, kwaye zihlaziywe ngokuqhubekayo njengoko sifunda ngakumbi.
Izicwangciso kufuneka ziqhubeke kumaziko amaninzi ukuze kupheliswe ukusebenza okunyanzelekileyo koluntu ngama-orcas, amahlengesi, kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo zaselwandle, kuba oko kusenokuba yimfuneko yoluntu kunye nabalawuli abasabela kuzo.

Bekuya kuba bubudenge ukwenza ngathi omabini la macala avumelana ngokwaneleyo ukuze afikelele kwisicombululo esilula kumbandela wokuba amahlengesi, iiorcas, nezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle zifanele zigcinwe ekuthinjweni. Iimvakalelo ziqhuba ngamandla malunga nexabiso lophando oluthinjiweyo kunye nokuboniswa koluntu ekulawuleni ubudlelwane boluntu kunye nabemi basendle. Iimvakalelo ziqhuba ngokulinganayo malunga nenkuthazo eyenziwe ngamaziko okuthenga izilwanyana zasendle ezibanjiweyo, injongo yenzuzo kwamanye amaziko, kunye nombuzo ococekileyo weenqobo ezisesikweni malunga nokuba izilwanyana zasendle ezikrelekrele ezikhululekileyo kufuneka zigcinwe kwiintlanti ezincinci kumaqela asekuhlaleni angazikhethelanga wona, okanye okubi ngakumbi, ekuthinjweni yedwa.

Isiphumo sengxoxo yocweyo sasicacile: akukho nto ilingana nesisombululo esinokuphunyezwa. Mhlawumbi, nangona kunjalo, sinokuqala apho onke amacala avumelana kwaye afudukele kwindawo apho indlela esilawula ngayo uphando lwethu idinga i-meshes kunye nokuqonda kwethu amalungelo abamelwane bethu baselwandle. Ucweyo lonyaka lwezilwanyana ezanyisayo zaselwandle luseke isiseko sokuqondana naxa iingcali zezilwanyana ezanyisayo zaselwandle zingavumelani. Sesinye seziphumo ezininzi ezincumisayo zendibano yaminyaka le ngokuthi sinikwe amandla.

KwiSiseko se-Ocean, sikhuthaza ukukhuselwa kunye nokugcinwa kwezilwanyana zaselwandle kwaye sisebenzela ukuchonga ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokulawula ubudlelwane babantu kunye nezi zidalwa zimangalisayo ukuze babelane ngezo zisombululo kunye noluntu lwaselwandle olwanyisayo kwihlabathi liphela. IMarine Mammal Fund yethu yeyona ndlela yokuxhasa iinzame zethu zokwenza oko.