Abafana abaPhezulu

Ole Varmer

Umcebisi oMkhulu kwiLifa leMveli loLwandle

U-Ole Varmer uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 yamava asemthethweni kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nowaseMelika wolondolozo lwendalo kunye nembali. Kutshanje, ebeyingcaphephe yezomthetho kwiqela le-UNESCO elivelise iNgxelo yoVavanyo lweNgqungquthela yowama-2001 yoKhuseleko lweLifa leMveli leNkcubeko phantsi kwamanzi (2019). U-Ole wathweswa isidanga kwiSikolo soMthetho kaBenjamin Cardozo ngo-1987 ngewonga lokuba nguMhleli oyiNtloko we-International Law Students Association (ILSA) International Law Journal. Wasebenza phantse iminyaka engama-33 kwiSebe lezoRhwebo/uLawulo lweSizwe loLwandlekazi kunye noLawulo lwe-Atmospheric apho waphuhlisa ubuchule bakhe kuMthetho woLwandle, umthetho wendalo yaselwandle, umthetho waselwandle kunye nomthetho welifa (wendalo kunye nenkcubeko). 

Ngokomzekelo, u-Ole wayemele i-NOAA kwi-US Delegation kwiintlanganiso ze-UNESCO kwiLifa leMveli yeNkcubeko eNgaphantsi kwamanzi, iLifa leMveli leLizwi, i-1st World Congress kwi-Maritime Heritage kunye neentlanganiso zeKomiti ye-Oceanographic ye-Intergovernmental malunga noLawulo lwe-Large Marine Ecosystems. Ngeminyaka yee-1990 wadlala indima ephambili kuthethathethwano olunamacala amaninzi lweSivumelwano saMazwe ngaMazwe nge-Titanic, ukuphumeza iziKhokelo, kunye nomthetho. U-Ole wayekwaligqwetha elikhokelayo ekusekeni iiNdawo ezininzi zaseLwandle eziKhuselweyo ezikhusela ilifa lendalo kunye nenkcubeko, kuquka iFlorida Keys, iStllwagen Bank, kunye neThunder Bay National Marine Sanctuaries kuquka namatyala amaninzi akhusela ngempumelelo ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho yendalo / yelifa ngokuchasene nemingeni phantsi komthetho. yokusindisa.

U-Ole njengommeli okhokelayo we-NOAA kwisimangalo esibandakanya i-USS Monitor, kunye neenqanawa zembali kwii-Florida Keys kunye ne-Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuaries. I-Ole inentaphane yeempapasho ezisemthethweni ezibhekiselele kulondolozo lwelifa lenkcubeko nendalo yethu. Umzekelo, iUphononongo lwakhe loMthetho weLifa leMveli yeNkcubeko eNgaphantsi kwamanzi lukwiwebhusayithi ye-UNESCO kwaye isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokubhekisa koorhulumente nakwizifundiswa. Isishwankathelo solo phononongo, "Ukuvala iZikhewu ekuKhuseleni iLifa leMveli yeNkcubeko eNgaphantsi kwamanzi kwiShelufu ye-Outer Continental" yapapashwa kwi-Vol. 33:2 ye-Stanford Environmental Law Journal 251 (Matshi 2014). Ekunye nengcali yezomthetho uProf. Mariano Aznar-Gómez, u-Ole upapashe "I-Titanic njengeLifa leNkcubeko eliNgaphantsi kwamanzi: Imingeni kuKhuseleko lwaMazwe ngaMazwe loMthetho," kwiVol 44 yoPhuhliso lwe-Ocean & noMthetho waMazwe ngaMazwe 96-112; U-Ole wabhala isahluko ngoMthetho wase-US kwi-UCH kwisifundo somthetho esithelekisayo esinesihloko esidityaniswe yingcali yezomthetho, uGqr Sarah Dromgoole enesihloko esithi: Ukukhuselwa kweLifa leMveli leNkcubeko eNgaphantsi kwamanzi: Iimbono zeSizwe ekuKhangeni kweNgqungquthela ye-UNESCO 2001 (uMartinus Nijhoff, 2006) . U-Ole ube negalelo kupapasho lwe-UNESCO: I-Underwater Cultural Heritage emngciphekweni kunye nenqaku kwi-RMS Titanic NESCO/ICOMOS, 2006).

U-Ole ukwangumbhali kunye nowayesakuba nguJaji kaSherry Hutt, kunye negqwetha uCaroline Blanco kwiNcwadi: uMthetho weMithombo yeLifa leMveli: Ukukhusela i-Archaeological and Cultural Environment (Wiley, 1999). Ukufumana amanqaku ongezelelweyo ngenkcubeko, indalo kunye neLifa leMveli leHlabathi bona uluhlu lopapasho olufumanekayo ku-https://www.gc.noaa.gov/gcil_varmer_bio.html. U-Ole wayengummeli okhokelayo ekuphuhliseni icandelo lomthetho kwi-NOAA yoVavanyo loMngcipheko weNgcaciso yokuNcolisa iiNdawo ezinokuthi zingcolise emanzini ase-US, ingxelo kwi-USCG (ngoMeyi, i-2013). Ngoku unguMntu oPhezulu kwi-Ocean Foundation encedisa ekudityanisweni kwe-UCH kumsebenzi kunye nomsebenzi walo mbutho ungenzi nzuzo.

Izithuba zika-Ole Varmer

Titanic

I-Titanic njengenxalenye yeLifa leMveli yethu yoLwandle

Njengoko sisondela kwisikhumbuzo se-110th sokutshona kwe-Titanic, kufuneka kucingelwe ngakumbi ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukhuseleko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko eliphantsi kwamanzi lenkqantosi ngoku ehleli nzulu e-Atlantiki.