Ukuchitheka kweSundarban: Iimangrove kunye namahlengesi asemngciphekweni

NguMark J. Spalding, uMongameli

Ngentsasa yangoLwesibini, sivukele iindaba ezimbi malunga nengozi yenqanawa kumanzi e-Bangladesh. I-Southern Star-7, inqwelo-mafutha yangqubana nenye inqanawa kwaye umphumo waba kukuchitheka kweelitha ezingama-92,000 zeoli yomlilo. Ukuhanjiswa kwendlela kuye kwamiswa kwaye inqanawa etshoneyo yarhuqelwa ngempumelelo kwizibuko ngoLwesine, yamisa ukuchitheka okungaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-oyile evuzayo iyaqhubeka ukusasazeka kwenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zendalo, inkqubo yehlathi le-mangrove eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Sundarbans, i-UNESCO World Heritage Site ukususela ngo-1997 kunye neendawo zokutyelela ezithandwayo.  

Kufuphi neBay of Bengal kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya, iSundarbans yindawo ewela ngaphaya kweGanges, iBrahmaputra kunye neMeghna river deltas, eyenza ihlathi elikhulu lemangrove emhlabeni. Likhaya lezilwanyana ezinqabileyo njengengwe yaseBengal kunye nezinye izinto ezisesichengeni ezifana namahlengesi omlambo (Irawaddy kunye neGanges) kunye neepython zaseIndiya. I-Bangladesh yaseka iindawo ezikhuselweyo zehlengesi ngo-2011 xa amagosa afumanisa ukuba i-Sundarbans ibamba i-dolphin enkulu eyaziwayo yase-Irawaddy. Ukuthunyelwa kweenqanawa zorhwebo kwavalwa emanzini ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 kodwa urhulumente waye wavumela ukuvulwa okwexeshana kwendlela eyayisakuba yinqanawa emva kokufakwa kwentlenge kwenye indlela ngo-2011.

Iidolphin zase-Irawaddy zikhula ukuya kutsho kwiimitha ezisibhozo ubude. Zi dolphin eziluhlaza-grey ezingenamlomo ezinentloko engqukuva kunye nokutya okuyintlanzi. Zihlobene ngokusondeleyo ne-orca kwaye zizo kuphela ihlengesi ezaziwa ngokutshica ngelixa lityisa kwaye lihlala. Ngaphandle kokhuseleko lokuthumela ngenqanawa, izoyikiso kwi-Irawaddy zibandakanya ukubanjiswa kwizixhobo zokuloba kunye nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yophuhliso lwabantu kunye nokunyuka komphakamo wolwandle.  

Ngale ntsasa, sifunde kwi-BBC, ukuba “intloko yegosa lezibuko lasekuhlaleni ixelele iintatheli ukuba abalobi baza kusebenzisa ‘izipontshi neengxowa’ ukuze baqokelele ioli echithekileyo, ethe yanwenwela kummandla oziikhilomitha ezingama-80.” Ngoxa abasemagunyeni kuthiwa bathumela abasasazi kulo mmandla, ayicacanga kwaphela into yokuba ukusebenzisa imichiza kuya kuba yingenelo kumahlengesi, iimangrove, okanye ezinye izilwanyana eziphila kule nkqubo ityebileyo. Ngapha koko, xa sinikwa idatha evelayo evela kwintlekele ye-Deepwater Horizon ka-2010 kwiGulf of Mexico, siyazi ukuba abasasazeki baneziphumo ezinetyhefu ezihlala ixesha elide kubomi bolwandle, nangaphezulu, ukuba banokuphazamisana nokuqhekeka kwendalo kweoyile emanzini. , eqinisekisa ukuba ihleli phantsi elwandle yaye inokuvuswa ziziphango.

Sonke siyazi ukuba imichiza yeoli (kuquka iimveliso ezifana nerhasi okanye amafutha edizili) inokungqineka iyingozi kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana, kuquka abantu. Ukongeza, ukuthambisa iintaka zaselwandle kunye nezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle kunokunciphisa amandla azo okulawula ubushushu bomzimba, okukhokelela ekufeni. Ukususa ioli ngamabhomu kunye nezinye iindlela sisicwangciso esinye. Ukusebenzisa i-chemical dispersants yenye into.