Ulwandle luhlupheka ngenxa yeHypercapnia

Ndachitha ekuqaleni kukaMeyi eVan Diemen’s Land, ithanga lezohlwayo elasekwa yiGreat Britain ngowe-1803. Namhlanje, yaziwa ngokuba yiTasmania, elinye lamathanga amathandathu okuqala awaba lilizwe kwiOstreliya yanamhlanje. Njengoko unokucinga, imbali yale ndawo imnyama kwaye iphazamisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, kwabonakala kuyindawo efanelekileyo yokuhlangana nokuthetha ngoloyiko oluluqilima, isibetho esoyikekayo esaziwa ngokuba yiasidi yolwandle.

Izazinzulu ezingama-330 ezivela kwihlabathi jikelele zahlanganisana kuLwandlekazi lwekota kwiNgqungquthela yeHlabathi yeCO2 ePhakamileyo, eyayibanjelwe kwikomkhulu laseTasmania, eHobart, ukususela ngoMeyi 3 ukuya kutsho ngoMeyi 6. Ngokusisiseko, incoko emalunga namazinga aphezulu ekharbon diokside kwiatmosfera yomhlaba kunye nemeko yawo. isiphumo kulwandle yincoko malunga neasidi yolwandle.  Imvelaphi ye-pH yolwandle iyancipha-kwaye iziphumo zinokulinganiswa yonke indawo. Kwi-symposium, izazinzulu zenze iintetho ezingama-218 kwaye zabelana ngeepowusta ezili-109 ukuchaza into eyaziwayo malunga ne-asidi yolwandle, kunye noko kufundwayo malunga nokusebenzisana kwayo kunye nabanye abaxinzezeli bolwandle.

Ubumuncu bolwandle bunyuke malunga nama-30% kwiminyaka engaphantsi kwe-100.

Olu lolona lwando lukhawulezayo kwiminyaka engama-300 yezigidi; kwaye i-20 ngokuphindwe ngokukhawuleza kunesiganeko samva nje se-acidification yamva nje, eyenzeka kwi-56 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo ngexesha le-Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Ukutshintsha okucothayo kuvumela ukuziqhelanisa. Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo aluniki xesha okanye isithuba sokuziqhelanisa okanye i-biological evolution ye-ecosystem kunye neentlobo, okanye uluntu oluxhomekeke kwimpilo yezo zinto ziphilayo.

Olu yayiluLwandle lwesine kwiNgqungquthela yeHlabathi yeCO2 ePhezulu. Ukusukela kwintlanganiso yokuqala ngo-2000, i-symposium iye yaqhubela phambili ukusuka kwindibano yokwabelana ngesayensi yangaphambili malunga nokuba yintoni kwaye phi ye-asidi yolwandle. Ngoku, indibano iqinisekisa ubungqina obukhulayo malunga neziseko zokutshintsha kwekhemistri yolwandle, kodwa igxile kakhulu ekuvavanyeni nasekuboniseni iimpembelelo ezintsonkothileyo zendalo nentlalo. Enkosi kwinkqubela phambili ekhawulezileyo ekuqondeni i-acidification yolwandle, ngoku sijonge kwimpembelelo ye-physiological kunye nokuziphatha ye-acidification yolwandle kwiintlobo, intsebenziswano phakathi kwezi mpembelelo kunye nezinye izixinzelelo zolwandle, kunye nendlela ezi ziphumo ezitshintsha ngayo i-ecosystem kwaye zichaphazela iyantlukwano kunye nesakhiwo soluntu. kwiindawo zokuhlala elwandle.

Le ntlanganiso ndiyithatha njengeyona mizekelo imangalisayo yentsebenziswano ekuphenduleni ingxaki endiye ndanenyhweba yokuya kuyo. Ezi ntlanganiso zityebile kubudlelane nentsebenziswano—mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba nenxaxheba kwamabhinqa aselula namadoda amaninzi entsimini. Le ntlanganiso nayo ayiqhelekanga kuba maninzi amanina asebenza kwiindima zobunkokeli kwaye avela kuluhlu lwezithethi. Ndicinga ukuba imeko inokwenziwa ukuba isiphumo sibe yinkqubela phambili yenzululwazi kunye nokuqonda le ntlekele iqhubekayo. Oosonzululwazi beme emagxeni omnye komnye kwaye bakhawulezisa ukuqonda kwehlabathi ngentsebenziswano, ukunciphisa amadabi e-turf, ukhuphiswano, kunye nokubonisa i-ego.

Ngokudabukisayo, imvakalelo entle eveliswa bubuhlobo kunye nenxaxheba ebalulekileyo yoososayensi abancinci yahluke ngokuthe ngqo kwiindaba ezidakisayo. Izazinzulu zethu ziqinisekisa ukuba uluntu lujongene nentlekele yemilinganiselo emikhulu.

Ulwabiwo olwandle

1. Ngaba sisiphumo sokubeka iigigaton ezili-10 zekhabhoni elwandle ngonyaka ngamnye

2. Inoguquko lwexesha lonyaka kunye nendawo kunye nephotosynthesis yokuphefumla

3. Itshintsha amandla olwandle okuvelisa ioksijini

4. Icinezela iimpendulo ze-immune zezilwanyana zaselwandle zeentlobo ezininzi

5. Yonyusa iindleko zamandla ukwenza amaqokobhe kunye nezakhiwo zolwandle

6. Ukutshintsha ukuhanjiswa kwesandi emanzini

7. Ichaphazela iimpawu zokunuka ezenza izilwanyana zifumane amaxhoba, zizikhusele kwaye ziphile

8. Yehlisa zombini umgangatho kunye nencasa yokutya ngenxa yentsebenziswano eyenza iikhompawundi eziyityhefu ngakumbi

9. Ukwandisa iindawo ze-hypoxic kunye nezinye iziphumo zemisebenzi yabantu

I-acidification yolwandle kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi kuya kusebenza ngekonsathi kunye nezinye izixinzelelo ze-anthropogenic. Sisaqala ukuqonda ukuba unxibelelwano olunokwenzeka luya kujongeka njani. Umzekelo, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukusebenzisana kwe-hypoxia kunye ne-acidification yolwandle kwenza ukukhutshwa kweoksijini kumanzi onxweme kube mandundu.

Ngelixa i-asidi yolwandle ingumba wehlabathi jikelele, ubomi bonxweme buya kuchaphazeleka kakubi kukunyuka kweasidi yolwandle kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu, kwaye ke idatha yendawo iyafuneka ukucacisa kunye nokwazisa ukuziqhelanisa nengingqi. Ukuqokelela kunye nokuhlalutya idatha yendawo kusivumela ukuba siphucule ukukwazi kwethu ukuqikelela utshintsho lolwandle kwizikali ezininzi, kwaye emva koko silungelelanise ulawulo kunye nezakhiwo zomgaqo-nkqubo ukujongana noxinzelelo lwendawo olunokuthi lube lukhulu kwimiphumo ye-pH ephantsi.

Kukho imiceli mngeni emikhulu ekujongeni i-asidi yolwandle: ukuguquguquka kokutshintsha kwekhemistri ngexesha kunye nendawo, enokudibanisa kunye noxinzelelo oluninzi kwaye kubangele uxilongo oluninzi olunokwenzeka. Xa sidibanisa abaqhubi abaninzi, kwaye sisenza uhlalutyo oluntsonkothileyo ukufumanisa ukuba baqokelela kwaye basebenzisane njani, siyayazi indawo yokuncathama (ukuqala kokutshabalala) kunokwenzeka ukuba ibe ngaphaya kokwahluka okuqhelekileyo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza kunamandla okuzivelela kwezinye izinto ezingaphezulu. izinto ezintsonkothileyo. Ke, uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo luthetha umngcipheko omkhulu wokuwa kwe-ecosystem. Ngenxa yokuba ii-curves zendlela yokusebenza yokusinda zingangqamani, ithiyori ye-ecology kunye ne-ecotoxicology iya kufuneka zombini.

Ke ngoko, ukujonga i-asidi yolwandle kufuneka kuyilwe ukudibanisa ukuntsonkotha kwesayensi, abaqhubi abaninzi, ukuguquguquka kwendawo kunye nesidingo sothotho lwexesha ukufumana ukuqonda okuchanekileyo. Iimvavanyo ezininzi (ukujonga ubushushu, i-oksijini, i-pH, njl.) ezinamandla amaninzi okuqikelela kufuneka zithandeke ngenxa yesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuqonda okukhulu.

Ukubeka iliso okwandisiweyo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho lwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kunokuba inzululwazi inokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo ekuqondeni zombini utshintsho kunye nempembelelo yalo kwiinkqubo zengingqi nezengingqi. Ke, kufuneka siyamkele into yokuba siza kube sisenza izigqibo phantsi kokungaqiniseki. Okwangoku, iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba (akukho kuzisola) indlela yokuqina inokuba sisikhokelo sokubumba iimpendulo ezisebenzayo kwiziphumo ezibi zebhayoloji kunye nendalo ye-asidi yolwandle. Oku kufuna ukuba iinkqubo zicinge ngengqiqo yokuba sinokujolisa kwii-exacerbators ezaziwayo kunye ne-accelerators, ngelixa siphucula izithonjana ezaziwayo kunye neempendulo eziguquguqukayo. Kufuneka siqalise ukwakhiwa kwamandla ohlengahlengiso lwengingqi; ngaloo ndlela ukwakha inkcubeko yokuziqhelanisa. Inkcubeko ekhuthaza intsebenziswano kuyilo lomgaqo-nkqubo, ukudala iimeko eziya kuthanda ukulungelelaniswa okulungileyo kunye nokufumana inkuthazo efanelekileyo.

Siyazi ukuba iziganeko ezigqithiseleyo zinokudala inkuthazo enjalo kwintsebenziswano yentlalo yoluntu kunye nokuziphatha okuhle koluntu. Siyabona kakade ukuba i-acidification yolwandle yintlekele eqhubela uluntu ukuba luzilawule, oludityaniswe nentsebenziswano, ukwenza iimeko zentlalo kunye nokuziphatha koluntu ukulungelelaniswa. E-US, sinemizekelo emininzi yeempendulo kwi-acidification yolwandle echazwe zizazinzulu kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kwinqanaba likarhulumente, kwaye sizama ngakumbi.

Njengomzekelo wesicwangciso esithile, intsebenziswano yokulungelelanisa ukulungelelanisa, kukho umngeni we-hypoxia eqhutywe ngabantu ngokujongana nemithombo esekelwe kumhlaba wezondlo kunye nezinto ezingcolileyo eziphilayo. Imisebenzi enjalo inciphisa ukutyebisa izondlo, ezikhuthaza amanqanaba aphezulu e-biological respiration de-oxygenation). Kwakhona sinokukhupha icarbon dioxide egqithisileyo kumanzi aselunxwemeni ukutyala nokukhusela amadlelo engca yolwandle, amahlathi e<em>mangrove, kunye nezityalo ezinomgxobhozo wamanzi anetyuwa.  Yomibini le misebenzi inokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi asekhaya kwiinzame zokwakha ukomelela kwenkqubo iyonke, ngelixa ibonelela ngothotho lwezinye izibonelelo kubomi bonxweme kunye nempilo yolwandle.

Yintoni enye esinokuyenza? Singakwazi ukulumka kwaye sithathe amanyathelo ngaxeshanye. Isiqithi sasePasifiki kunye namazwe aselwandle anokuxhaswa kwiinzame zokunciphisa ungcoliseko kunye nokuloba ngokugqithisileyo. Kulo mba, amandla okuba neasidi yolwandle ibe nefuthe elibi kwimveliso engundoqo yexesha elizayo yolwandle kufuneka ibandakanywe kwimigaqo-nkqubo yezokuloba yesizwe izolo.

Sinesimilo, i-ikholoji, kunye noqoqosho olufunekayo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweCO2 ngokukhawuleza kangangoko sinako.

I-Critters kunye nabantu baxhomekeke kulwandle olunempilo, kwaye iziphumo zemisebenzi yabantu elwandle sele zibangele umonakalo omkhulu kubomi ngaphakathi. Ngokwandayo, abantu nabo bangamaxhoba otshintsho lwe-ecosystem esiyenzayo.

Ihlabathi lethu eliphezulu le-CO2 sele likhona hungathuli.  

Izazinzulu ziyavumelana malunga neziphumo ezibi zokuqhubekeka kweasidi emanzini olwandle. Bavumelana malunga nobungqina obuxhasa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba iziphumo ezibi ziya kwandiswa ngoxinzelelo oluhambelanayo oluvela kwimisebenzi yabantu. Kukho isivumelwano sokuba kukho amanyathelo anokuthathwa kuwo onke amanqanaba akhuthaza ukomelela kunye nokuziqhelanisa. 

Ngamafutshane, isayensi ikhona. Kwaye kufuneka sandise ukubeka iliso kwethu ukuze sikwazi ukwazisa ukwenziwa kwezigqibo zengingqi. Kodwa siyayazi into ekufuneka siyenze. Kufuneka nje sifumane intando yezopolitiko ukwenza oko.