Umgaqo-nkqubo weentlanzi wase-US

Ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, ndicatshulwe kwinqaku kwiWashington Post “I-US iqinisa umgaqo-nkqubo wokuloba, ibeka imida yokubambisa ngo-2012 kuzo zonke iintlobo ezilawulwayo” nguJuliet Eilperin (iphepha A-1, ngoJanuwari 8th 2012).

Indlela esilawula ngayo iinzame zokuloba ngumxholo othatha abalobi, uluntu lwabalobi, kunye nabathetheleli bomgaqo-nkqubo wokuloba, hayi uninzi lwabanye abantu. Iyantsonkotha kwaye ithe chu ukushenxa kwintanda-bulumko “yokuloba ngayo yonke into onako” ukuya kuthi “masiqinisekise ukuba kukho iintlanzi kwixesha elizayo” ukusukela ngo-1996, xa kwacacayo ukuba ushishino lwethu lokuloba lusengxakini. Ngo-2006, iCongress yapasisa ukuphinda kugunyaziswe umthetho wefederal fishery management. Umthetho ufuna ukuba izicwangciso zolawulo lwezokuloba zibeke imida yonyaka yokubambisa, amabhunga olawulo engingqi athathele ingqalelo iingcebiso zabacebisi benzululwazi xa ebeka imida yokubambisa, kwaye wongeze imfuneko yemilinganiselo yokuphendula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iinjongo ziyafezekiswa. Imfuno yokuphelisa ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo yayiza kuhlangatyezwa kwiminyaka emi-2, kwaye ke sisemva kancinci kwishedyuli. Nangona kunjalo, ukumiswa kokuloba ngokugqithisileyo kwezinye iintlanzi ezirhwebayo kwamkelekile nangona kunjalo. Enyanisweni, ndiyavuya ziingxelo ezivela kumabhunga ethu okuloba engingqi zokuba amalungiselelo “enzululwazi kuqala” kugunyaziso kwakhona luka-2006 ayasebenza. Lixesha lokuba silinganisele ukuzingela kwethu ezi zilwanyana ukuya kwinqanaba elivumela ukuba iintlanzi ziphinde ziphile.  

Ngoku kufuneka sizibuze ukuba zithini iinjongo zethu zolawulo lokuloba ukuba into esiyifunayo kukuphelisa ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo kwakunye neenzame eziyimpumelelo zokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa ngokungenamkhethe, kunye nokutshabalalisa izixhobo zokuloba?

• Kufuneka siphulukane nolindelo lwethu lokuba iintlanzi zasendle zingondla ne-10% yabemi behlabathi
• Kufuneka sikhusele ukutya kwezilwanyana zaselwandle ezingakwaziyo ukujinga nje ngabakwaMcDonalds kwisidlo esonwabileyo xa intlanzi yabo yefula inyamalala.
• Kufuneka siphucule amandla eentlobo zezilwanyana zaselwandle ukuze ziqhelane namanzi ashushu, ukutshintsha i-chemistry yolwandle, kunye nezaqhwithi ezinamandla ngakumbi, ngokuqinisekisa ukuba sinabantu abasempilweni kunye neendawo ezisempilweni ukuba bahlale kuzo.
• Ukongeza kwimida yethu emitsha yokubambisa ngonyaka, kufuneka sibe nolawulo olunentsingiselo ngakumbi ekulobeni ukuthintela ukubulawa nokulahlwa kwentlanzi, iicrustaceans kunye nezinye izinto eziphila elwandle ebezingeyonxalenye yenjongo yokubambisa.
• Kufuneka sikhusele iinxalenye zolwandle kwizixhobo zokuloba ezonakalisayo; umz. indawo yokuzala kunye neendawo zokongiwa kweentlanzi, umgangatho othambileyo wolwandle, iindawo zokuhlala ezizodwa ezingaphononongwanga, iikorale, kunye neendawo zembali, zenkcubeko nezenzululwazi zakudala.
• Kufuneka sichonge iindlela esinokufuya ngazo iintlanzi ezininzi emhlabeni ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwimfuyo yasendle kwaye singangcolisi iindlela zethu zamanzi, kuba i-aquaculture sele ingumthombo wentlanzi efumanekayo ngoku.
• Okokugqibela, sifuna intando yezopolitiko kunye nolwabiwo-mali ukuze kubekwe iliso lokwenyani ukuze abathathi-nxaxheba bangonakalisi ubomi babahlali abazinikeleyo ekulobeni abaxhalabileyo ngoku nakwixesha elizayo.

Uninzi lwabantu, abanye bathi baninzi njenge-1 kwi-7 (ewe, yi-1 yezigidigidi zabantu), bathembele kwiintlanzi kwiimfuno zabo zeprotheni, ngoko ke kufuneka sijonge ngaphaya kwe-United States. I-US iyinkokeli ekubekeni imida yokubambisa kwaye iqhubele phambili ekuzinzeni ngeli xesha, kodwa kufuneka sisebenzisane nabanye ekulobeni okungekho mthethweni, okungaxelwanga kunye nokulawulwa (IUU) ukuze siqinisekise ukuba iplanethi yethu ayiqhubeki ukuba nemeko apho amandla okuloba ehlabathi jikelele angaphezulu ngokuphawulekayo kumthamo wentlanzi okwazi ukuvelisa ngokwendalo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo ngumba wokhuseleko lokutya kwihlabathi, kwaye kuya kufuneka ukuba kusonjululwe kwiilwandle apho kungekho lizwe linegunya lokulawula.

Ukubanjwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwaso nasiphi na isilwanyana sasendle, njengokutya kwinqanaba lorhwebo lwehlabathi, aluzinzeki. Asikwazanga ukuyenza ngezilwanyana zasemhlabeni, ngoko akufanele silindele ithamsanqa elingcono ngeentlobo zaselwandle. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ushishino lokuloba oluphantsi, olulawulwa luluntu lunokugcinwa ngokwenyani, kanti ke, ngeli lixa ingqikelelo yeenzame zokuloba zasekhaya ezilawulwa kakuhle ziphindaphindeka, azinakulinganiswa kwinqanaba elinokondla abemi base-US, kakhulu. ngaphantsi kwehlabathi, okanye izilwanyana zaselwandle eziyinxalenye ephambili yolwandle olusempilweni. 

Ndisaqhubeka nokukholelwa ukuba uluntu olulobayo lunelona galelo likhulu kuzinzo, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi, ezona ndlela zimbalwa zoqoqosho kunye nejografi endaweni yokuloba. Ngapha koko, kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abangama-40,000 XNUMX baphulukana nemisebenzi yabo eNew England kuphela ngenxa yokuloba ngokugqithisileyo kuMntla weAtlantic Cod. Ngoku, inani leecod lisenokuba liyakha kwakhona, kwaye kuya kuba kuhle ukubona abalobi basekuhlaleni beqhubeka nokuvuna indlela yokuphila kolu shishino lwemveli ngolawulo olululo kunye neliso elibukhali kwikamva.

Singathanda ukubona ushishino lokuloba lwasendle lwehlabathi lubuyela kumanqanaba alo embali (inani leentlanzi elwandle ngo-1900 laliphindwe kayi-6 kunokuba liyiyo namhlanje). Siyazingca ukuxhasa bonke abo basebenzela ukubuyisela ulwandle kwaye ngaloo ndlela bakhusele abantu abaxhomekeke kwimithombo yendalo (nawe unokuba yinxalenye yale nkxaso, nqakraza apha.)

UMark J. Spalding