Yintoni Intlanzi eZinzileyo? Ukusilela kwiiNkqubo zeSatifikethi sokutya kwaselwandle esele kukho

nguMark J. Spalding, uMongameli we-Ocean Foundation
kunye noKen Stump, uMlingane woMgaqo-nkqubo woLwandle kwi-Ocean Foundation
Ukuphendula "Omnye umbuzo wokuba ingaba ukutya kwaselwandle okuzinzileyo kuyasifeza isithembiso sako" nguJuliet Elperin. IWashington Post (ngoAprili 22, 2012)

Inqaku likaJuliet Eilperin ngexesha elifanelekileyo ("Abanye bayathandabuza ukuba ukutya kwaselwandle okuzinzileyo kuyasifeza isithembiso sakho" nguJuliet Elperin. IWashington Post. Ngomhla wama-22 kuTshazimpuzi, ngo-2012) kwiintsilelo zeenkqubo ezikhoyo zezatifikethi zokutya kwaselwandle zenza umsebenzi oncomekayo wokuqaqambisa ukubhideka okujongene nabathengi xa befuna “ukwenza into elungileyo” ngaselwandle. Ezi lebhile ze-eco zijolise ekuchongeni iintlanzi ezibanjiswe ngokuzinzileyo, kodwa ulwazi olulahlekisayo lunokunika abathengisi bokutya kwaselwandle kunye nabathengi umbono ongeyonyani wokuba ukuthenga kwabo kungenza umahluko. Njengoko uphononongo olucatshulwe kwinqaku lubonisa, ukuzinza njengoko kuchazwa ziindlela zikaFroese kubonisa:

• Kwi-11% (i-Marine Stewardship Council-MSC) ukuya kwi-53% (uMhlobo we-Sea-FOS) yezitokhwe eziqinisekisiweyo, ulwazi olukhoyo lwalunganelanga ukwenza isigwebo malunga nesimo sempahla okanye inqanaba lokuxhaphaza (Umfanekiso 1).
• I-19% (FOS) ukuya kwi-31% (MSC) yezabelo ezinedatha ekhoyo ziye zalotywa ngokugqithisileyo kwaye ngoku zixhomekeke ekulobeni ngokugqithisileyo (Umfanekiso 2).
• Kwi-21% yesitokhwe esiqinisekisiweyo se-MSC apho izicwangciso zolawulo ezisemthethweni bezifumaneka, ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo kuqhubekile nangona kufunyenwe iziqinisekiso.

Uqinisekiso lwe-MSC luqikelelo olungaphambili kwabo banokulufikelela - nokuba ithini na imeko yesitokhwe sentlanzi esibanjiweyo. Inkqubo apho amashishini okuloba anemali anokuthi “athenge” isiqinisekiso ayinakuthathelwa ingqalelo. Ukongeza, iindleko ezinkulu zokufumana isiqinisekiso azibizi kakhulu kushishino lokuloba olukwizinga eliphantsi, olusekwe kuluntu, lubathintela ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokuleyibhelishwa kwendalo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kumazwe asaphuhlayo, afana ne-Morocco, apho ubutyebi obuxabisekileyo buthi buphambukiswe kulawulo lokuloba olupheleleyo ukuya kutyalo-mali, okanye ukuthenga nje, i-eco-label.

Xa kudityaniswa nokubekwa kweliso nokunyanzeliswa okungcono, ukuphuculwa kovavanyo lwesitokhwe sokuloba kunye nolawulo olujonge phambili oluthathela ingqalelo impembelelo yendawo yokuhlala nendalo ephilayo, ukuqinisekiswa kokutya kwaselwandle kunokuba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokunyusa inkxaso yabathengi kushishino lokuloba olulawulwa ngokuthembekileyo. Umonakalo ovela kwiileyibhile ezilahlekisayo awupheleli nje ekulobeni—ujongela phantsi amandla abathengi okwenza ukhetho olunolwazi kwaye bavote ngezipaji zabo ukuxhasa ushishino lokuloba olulawulwa kakuhle. Ngoko ke, kutheni le nto abathengi befanele bavume ukuhlawula ngaphezulu iintlanzi ezifunyaniswe njengezilotywe ngendlela elondolozekayo ngoxa enyanisweni zigalela umlilo emlilweni ngokuchwetheza kushishino lokuloba oluxhatshaziweyo?

Kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuba elona phepha likaFroese kunye nogxa wakhe elikhankanywe nguEilperin lichaza isitokhwe sentlanzi njengokulotywa ngokugqithisileyo ukuba i-stock biomass ingaphantsi kwinqanaba elithathwa njengelivelisa isivuno esizinzileyo (esichazwa njengeBmsy), esingqongqo kunolawulo lwangoku lwase-US. umgangatho. Kumashishini okuloba ase-US, isitokhwe sithathwa ngokuba “silobe ngokugqithisileyo” xa i-stock biomass ingaphantsi kwe-1/2 Bmsy. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lamashishini okuloba ase-US anokuchazwa njengolobe ngokugqithisileyo kusetyenziswa umgangatho weFroese weFAO osekelwe kwiKhowudi yokuZiphatha yokuLoba ngoXanduva (1995). QAPHELA: eyona nkqubo yokunika amanqaku esetyenziswa nguFroese ichazwe kwiTheyibhile 1 yephepha labo:

Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba inani elifanelekileyo lamashishini okuloba ase-US aqhubeleka nokuloba ngokugqithisileyo nangona ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo kuthintelwe ngokusemthethweni. Isifundo sesokuba ukugadwa okuthe gqolo kunye nokubekw'esweni ukusebenza koshishino lokuloba kubalulekile ukuze kubonwe ukuba nayiphi na le migangatho iyafezekiswa - iqinisekisiwe okanye hayi.

Iinkqubo zoqinisekiso azinagunya lokwenyani lokulawula imibutho yolawulo lokuloba kwingingqi. Uvavanyo oluqhubekayo lolo hlobo olubonelelwe nguFroese noProelb lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba amashishini okuloba aqinisekisiweyo aqhuba njengoko kubhengeziwe.

Ekuphela kwendlela yokwenene yokuphendula kule nkqubo yoqinisekiso yimfuno yabathengi - ukuba asifuni ukuba amashishini okuloba aqinisekisiweyo afikelele imigangatho enentsingiselo yozinzo ngoko uqinisekiso lunokuba yinto eyoyikwa kakhulu ngabagxeki baso: iinjongo ezintle kunye nedyasi yepeyinti eluhlaza.

Njengoko i-Ocean Foundation ibibonisa phantse ishumi leminyaka, akukho bullet yesilivere yokujongana nengxaki yezokuloba yehlabathi. Kuthatha ibhokisi yezixhobo zezicwangciso-kwaye abathengi banendima ebalulekileyo abayidlalayo xa kukho nayiphi na intlanzi-yalima okanye yasendle-ekusebenziseni ukuthenga kwabo ukukhuthaza iilwandle eziphilileyo. Nawuphi na umzamo ongayihoyiyo le nyaniso kwaye uxhaphaze iinjongo ezintle zabathengi uyagxeka kwaye uyalahlekisa kwaye kufuneka abizwe ekuphenduleni.