Ngoobani Izilwanyana zaseLwandle?

NguMichael Stocker, uMlawuli oyiSiseko woPhando loLondolozo lweLwandle, iprojekthi yeThe Ocean Foundation

Xa abantu abakummandla wolondolozo becinga ngezilwanyana zaselwandle iminenga idla ngokuba phezulu kuluhlu. Kodwa kukho ezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle ezimbalwa ezizakubhiyozelwa kule nyanga. I-Pinnipeds, okanye "i-fin footed" amatywina kunye neengonyama zolwandle; iiMustelids zasemanzini – iiotters, ezona zihlobo zimanzi; iiSirenians eziquka iidugong kunye neemanatee; yaye ibhere elimhlophe, ligqalwa njengesilwanyana esanyisayo saselwandle kuba ixesha elininzi lobomi balo lichitha kwindawo okanye ngaphezu kwamanzi.

Mhlawumbi kutheni i-cetaceans ivuselela iingcamango zethu ezihlangeneyo ngaphezu kwezinye izilwanyana zasemanzini ezincancisayo kungenxa yokuba ikamva lomntu kunye neentsomi ziye zalukwa ngokungenakuphikiswa kwikamva lezi zilwanyana kangangamawaka eminyaka. Impazamo kaYona nomnenga yenye yokudibana kwangethuba ekufuneka ikhuliswe (apho uYona engazange ekugqibeleni agqitywe ngumnenga). Kodwa njengemvumi ndiyathanda ukwabelana ngebali lika-Arion – enye imvumi kwiminyaka engama-700 BCE eyasindiswa ngamahlengesi kuba yayisaziwa njengenye imvumi.

Ingxelo yeCliff Note yebali lika-Arion yayikukuba wayebuya kukhenketho ephethe isifuba esizele bubuncwane awabufumana kwintlawulo 'yeegigi' zakhe xa kuhambo oluphakathi oomatiloshe kwisikhephe sakhe bagqiba kwelokuba bafuna isifuba kwaye babesiya. ukuyijula ​​iArion elwandle. Eqonda ukuba ukuthethathethana ngombandela wolwabiwo kunye nabalingane bakhe benqanawa kwakungekho emakhadini, u-Arion wabuza ukuba angakwazi na ukucula ingoma yokugqibela ngaphambi kokuba abarufi bamlahle. Ukuva isigidimi esinzulu kwingoma ka-Arion amahlengesi afika ukuza kumqokelela elwandle aze amnikele emhlabeni.

Ngokuqinisekileyo olunye unxibelelwano lwethu oluyintlekele kunye neminenga lubandakanya ishishini leminenga leminyaka engama-300 elakhanyisa kwaye lathambisa izixeko ezikhulu kumazwekazi aseNtshona naseYurophu - de iminenga phantse yaphela (izigidi zezilwanyana ezinkulu zacinywa, ngakumbi kule minyaka ingama-75 idlulileyo. yeshishini).

Iminenga yeza kwakhona kwi-sonar yoluntu emva kwe-1970 Iingoma ze-Humpback Whale icwecwe likhumbuze uluntu olukhulu ukuba iminenga yayingezongxowa nje zenyama kunye neoyile eziza kuguqulwa zibe yimali; kunoko yayizizilwanyana ezineemvakalelo eziphila kwiinkcubeko ezintsonkothileyo kwaye zicula iingoma ezivuselela inkanuko. Kuthathe ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-14 ukuba ekugqibeleni kumiswe ukumiswa kokuloba iminenga, ngoko ke ngaphandle kwamazwe amathathu akhohlakeleyo eJapan, iNorway, neIceland, konke ukurhweba kweminenga kuye kwaphela ngowe-1984.

Ngelixa oomatiloshe kwimbali yonke besazi ukuba ulwandle luzele ziimermaids, iinaiads, selkies, kunye neesiren zonke zicula iingoma zabo ezihlekisayo, ezivuselelayo nezimnandi, ibilugqaliselo lwamva nje kwiingoma zomnenga ezizise uphando lwezenzululwazi ukuba luthwale izandi izilwanyana zaselwandle zenza. Kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo kufunyaniswe ukuba uninzi lwezilwanyana eziselwandle - ukusuka kwiikorali, ukuya kwiintlanzi, ukuya kumahlengesi - zonke zinobudlelwane obuthile be-bioacoustic kunye nendawo yazo.

Ezinye izandi- ngakumbi ezo ziphuma kwiintlanzi azigqalwa zinomdla kakhulu ebantwini. Kwelinye icala (okanye elinye iphiko) iingoma zezilwanyana ezininzi ezanyisayo zaselwandle zinokuba yinyaniso inzima kwaye intle. Ngelixa amaza e-bio-sonar yeedolphin kunye neeporpoises ziphezulu kakhulu ukuba singaziva, izandi zazo zentlalo zinokuba kuluhlu lwezandi zokuqonda komntu kwaye ziyonwabisa ngokwenene. Ngokuchaseneyo, izandi ezininzi zeminenga emikhulu ye-baleen ziphantsi kakhulu ukuba singaziva, ngoko kufuneka "sizikhawulezise" ukwenza nayiphi na ingqiqo kubo. Kodwa xa zibekwe kuluhlu lokuva kwabantu zinokuvakala zivuselela umdla, ukukhala kweminenga i-minke kunokuvakala okweqakamba, kwaye iingoma zokuqukumbela zeminenga eluhlaza azichazi.

Kodwa ezi ziicetaceans; imiqondiso emininzi - ngakumbi abo bahlala kwimimandla epholileyo apho ubumnyama bugqugqisa ngamaxesha athile onyaka baba nesandi selizwi esiye samanye amazwe. Ukuba wawuhamba ngomkhumbi kuLwandle lwaseWeddell kwaye weva itywina likaWeddell, okanye kulwandle lwaseBeaufort kwaye weva itywina elineentshebe kwi-hull yakho unokuzibuza ukuba uzifumene kwenye iplanethi.

Sinemikhondo nje embalwa ebonisa ukuba ezi zandi zingaqondakaliyo zingena njani kwisimo sezilwanyana ezanyisayo zaselwandle; into abayivayo, kunye nento abayenzayo ngayo, kodwa njengoko uninzi lwezilwanyana ezincancisayo zaselwandle beziqhelanisa nendawo yazo ehlala elwandle i-20-30 yezigidi zeminyaka kunokwenzeka ukuba iimpendulo zale mibuzo zingaphandle kokuqonda kwethu.
Sonke isizathu esingakumbi sokubhiyozela izalamane zethu zaselwandle ezanyisayo.

© 2014 uMichael Stocker
UMichael ungumlawuli osekayo we-Ocean Conservation Research, inkqubo ye-Ocean Foundation efuna ukuqonda iimpembelelo zengxolo eyenziwa ngumntu kwindawo yokuhlala yaselwandle. Incwadi yakhe yakutshanje Mamela apho Sikhoyo: Isandi, i-Ecology, kunye neNdawo iphonononga indlela abantu kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezisebenzisa ngayo isandi ukuseka unxulumano lwabo nendawo ezingqongileyo.