2017 Umamukeli wesikhwama se-Boyd N. Lyon Sea Turtle Fund

I-Boyd N. Lyon Sea Turtle Fund yasungulwa njengesikhumbuzo sikaBoyd N. Lyon futhi inikeza umfundaze waminyaka yonke kumfundi oyedwa webhayoloji yasolwandle ocwaningo lwakhe lugxile ezimfudumeni zasolwandle. Lesi sikhwama sisungulwe umndeni nabathandekayo ngokubambisana ne-The Ocean Foundation ukuze sinikeze ukwesekwa kulawo maphrojekthi athuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu ukuziphatha kofudu lwasolwandle, izidingo zendawo yokuhlala, inala, ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo kanye nesikhashana, ukuphepha kocwaningo lokutshuza, phakathi kokunye. UBoyd ubesebenza ngeziqu zeBiology eNyuvesi yaseCentral Florida futhi enza ucwaningo e-UCF Marine Turtle Research Institute eMelbourne Beach lapho eshona kabuhlungu enza into ayethanda ukuyenza, ezama ukubamba ufudu lwasolwandle olwalungakwazi ukuhamba. Abafundi abaningi bafaka izicelo zomfundaze unyaka ngamunye, kodwa umamukeli kufanele abe nothando lweqiniso ngofudu lwasolwandle olufana nolukaBoyd.

Umamukeli walo nyaka we-Boyd N. Lyon Sea Turtle Fund Scholarship nguJuan Manuel Rodriquez-Baron. Njengamanje uJuan wenza izifundo zakhe ze-PhD eNyuvesi yaseNorth Carolina, eWilmington. Uhlelo lukaJuan oluhlongozwayo lubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-Bycatch kanye namazinga okuphila kwezimfudu zesikhumba zaseMpumalanga Pacific ezikhishwe ngemva kokukhululwa ezindaweni zokudla ezisogwini lweMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Funda uhlelo lwakhe oluphelele ngezansi:

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1. Isendlalelo sombuzo wocwaningo 
I-East Pacific (EP) i-leatherback turtle (i-Dermochelys coriacea) isuka e-Mexico iye e-Chile, enamabhishi amakhulu okuzalela e-Mexico nase-Costa Rica (Santidrián Tomillo et al. 2007; Sarti Martínez et al. 2007) kanye nezindawo zokudla eziyisisekelo emanzini asogwini lwase- IMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu (Shillinger et al. 2008, 2011; Bailey et al. 2012). I-EP leatherback turtle ifakwe ohlwini yi-IUCN Njengesengcupheni Ebucayi, futhi ukwehla okumangalisayo kwenani lezinsikazi ezizalela emabhishi amakhulu okuzalanisa kuye kwabhalwa phansi (http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/46967807/0). Kulinganiselwa ukuthi okwamanje kunezimfudu ze-EP zabesifazane ezindala ezingaphansi kuka-1000. Ukuthunjwa okungahlosiwe kwama-EP leatherback turtles asebekhulile nabancane ngabadobi abasebenza ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo lwezindawo ezidla ukudla okudliwayo kuyakhathaza, uma kubhekwa ithonya elinamandla lezi zigaba zempilo ezinalo ekuguquguqukeni kwabantu (Alfaro-Shigueto et al. 2007, 2011; Wallace et ngo-2008). Imiphumela evela ocwaningweni olusekelwe echwebeni olwenziwa ngasogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika ikhombisa ukuthi phakathi kuka-1000 no-2000 EP izimfudu zesikhumba ezibanjwa minyaka yonke ezindaweni zokudoba ezidobela ukuziphilisa, futhi cishe u-30% - 50% wezimfudu ezibanjiwe ziyafa (NFWF kanye ne-IUCN/SSC I-Marine Turtle Specialist Group). I-NOAA ifake kuhlu ufudu lwe-leatherback lwase-Pacific njengenye yezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili “Zezinhlobo Eziku Spotlight”, futhi yaqoka ukuncishiswa kwe-bycatch njengenye yezinto eziphambili zokongiwa kwemvelo ukuze kutholakale lolu hlobo lwezilwane. NgoMashi 2012, IQembu Elisebenzayo Lochwepheshe laqoqwa ukuze lenze Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lwesifunda ukuze kumiswe futhi kumiswe ukwehla kofudu lwe-EP leatherback. I-Regional Action Plan igcizelela ukubaluleka okubalulekile kokuhlonza izindawo ezinengozi enkulu yokudotshwa, futhi incoma ngokukhethekile ukwanda kokuhlolwa kokudotshwa kofudu lwasolwandle oluzinze echwebeni ukuze kufakwe i-Panama ne-Colombia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Regional Action Plan iyavuma ukuthi ukufa ngenxa yezinhlanzi ezidotshwayo kuletha inselele enkulu emizamweni ye-EP leatherback turtle, futhi igomela ngokuthi ukuqondwa okungcono kwamazinga okufa kwangemva kokusebenzelana kubalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe kahle umthelela wangempela wezinhlanzi ezidotshwayo ezingabanjwanga. lolu hlobo.

2. Izinjongo 
2.1. Yazisa ngokuthi yiziphi izindiza ezisebenzisana nama-leatherback nokuthi yiziphi izinkathi zonyaka nezindawo ezinokubaluleka okuthile kulokho kusebenzisana; futhi, ukwenza imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi nabadobi ukwabelana ngemiphumela yocwaningo, ukukhuthaza izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuphatha nokukhulula izimfudu ezibanjiwe, kanye nokukhuthaza ubudlelwano bokubambisana ukuze kube lula izifundo zesikhathi esizayo.

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2.2. Yenza ngcono izilinganiso zokufa kofudu lwe-leatherback ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwezindawo zokudoba, futhi ubhale ukunyakaza kofudu lwe-leatherback ezindaweni ezidla ukudla e-East Pacific ukuze kuhlolwe izindawo ezingaba yizindawo ezithandwa kakhulu lapho kusebenzelana khona nezindawo zokudoba.
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2.3. Sebenzisana nezinhlelo zesifunda (i-LaudOPO, i-NFWF) kanye ne-NOAA ukuze ubonise ukubanjwa kwezimfudu ze-leatherback ezindaweni zokudoba eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu futhi wazise izinqumo zabaphathi mayelana nemigomo yokunciphisa izinsongo.
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I-3. Izindlela
3.1. Isigaba sokuqala (siyaqhubeka) Senze izinhlolovo zokuhlolwa kwezinhlanzi ezingabanjwanga okujwayelekile ezikhumulweni ezintathu zaseColombia (i-Buenaventura, Tumaco, ne-Bahía Solano) kanye namachweba ayisikhombisa ePanama (Vacamonte, Pedregal, Remedios, Muelle Fiscal, Coquira, Juan Diaz naseMutis). Ukukhethwa kwamachweba okulawulwa kocwaningo kwakusekelwe kudatha kahulumeni mayelana nemikhumbi emikhulu yokudoba esebenza emanzini ase-Colombian nasePanamani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi mayelana nokuthi imikhumbi yezindiza isebenzisana nama-leatherbacks kanye nokuqoqwa kokuqala kwezixhumanisi zokusebenzisana (ngamayunithi e-GPS asakazwa kubadobi abazimisele ukubamba iqhaza). Le datha izosivumela ukuthi sihlole ukuthi yiziphi izindiza esizosebenza nazo ukuze siqoqe ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokusebenzisana. Ngokwenza imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi kuzwelonke ngoJuni ka-2017, siphakamisa ukuhlinzeka ngokuqeqeshwa namathuluzi okuthuthukisa imikhuba yokudoba ezokwandisa amathuba okusinda ngemva kokukhululwa kwezimfudu ezidotshwa ezindaweni zokudoba ogwini kanye ne-pelagic kuwo womabili la mazwe.
3.2. Isigaba sesibili Sizosebenzisa ama-satellite transmitters futhi senze ukuhlolwa kwezempilo ngezimfudu ze-leatherback ezibanjwe ezindaweni zokudoba zase-Colombian nasePanama ngezintambo ezinde/nge-gillnet. Sizosebenzisana nososayensi bakahulumeni abavela ku-Colombian and Panamanian National Fisheries Service (AUNAP kanye ne-ARAP) nabadobi abasebenza ezindaweni ezisengozini enkulu yokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi, njengoba kuboniswa izinhlolovo ezisekelwe echwebeni. Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kanye nokunamathiselwe kwi-transmitter kuzokwenziwa, ngokwezivumelwano ezishicilelwe (Harris et al. 2011; Casey et al. 2014), kubanjwe izimfudu ze-leatherback ngesikhathi sokudoba okujwayelekile. Amasampula egazi azohlaziywa ukuze kutholwe okuguquguqukayo okukhethekile okusemkhunjini nge-point-of-care analyzer, futhi isampula yegazi elincane lizomiswa ukuze lihlaziywe kamuva. Amathegi e-PAT azohlelwa ukuthi akhishwe endaweni enamathiselwe kwi-carapacial ngaphansi kwezimo ezibonisa ukufa (okungukuthi ukujula >1200m noma ukujula okungaguquki amahora angama-24) noma ngemva kwesikhathi sokuqapha esiyizinyanga eziyisi-6. Sizosebenzisa indlela yokumodela efanele idatha eqoqiwe ukuze siqhathanise izici zomzimba zabasindile, abashonile, nezimfudu ezinempilo ezithwetshulwe olwandle ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo lwesayensi. Ukunyakaza kwangemuva kokukhishwa kuzobhekwa futhi kuzophenywa nokuthambekela kwendawo kanye neyesikhashana ekusetshenzisweni kwendawo. 4. Imiphumela elindelekile, ukuthi imiphumela izosatshalaliswa kanjani Sizosebenzisa idatha yocwaningo kanye nezibalo zikahulumeni ngobukhulu kanye nomzamo wemikhumbi yokudoba ukuze silinganisele inani lokusebenzelana kofudu lwe-leatherback okwenzeka minyaka yonke ezindaweni zokudoba ezincane nezimboni. Ukuqhathaniswa kokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi ezidotshwayo ze-leatherback phakathi kwezindawo zokudoba kuzosivumela ukuthi sihlonze izinsongo eziyinhloko namathuba okunciphisa izinhlanzi ezidotshwayo kule ndawo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha yezemvelo nedatha yokuziphatha kwangemva kokukhishwa kuzothuthukisa ikhono lethu lokuhlola ukufa ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwezindawo zokudoba. Ukulandelelwa ngesathelayithi kwezimfudu ze-leatherback ezikhululiwe kuzophinde kube nomthelela kunhloso Yohlelo Lokusebenza Lwesifunda lokuhlonza amaphethini okusetshenziswa kwendawo yokuhlala kanye namandla okudlulana kwendawo kanye nesikhashana kwezimfudu ze-leatherback nemisebenzi yokudoba e-East Pacific.