Uhambo Lwensimu Yokulima Izinhlanzi oluya eShayina

nguMark J. Spalding, uMongameli we-The Ocean Foundation

Ukubheka ngefasitela lehhotela ku-Hong Kong Harbor kunikeza umbono ohlanganisa amakhulu eminyaka ohwebo nomlando wamazwe ngamazwe. Kusukela kuma-junk aseShayina ajwayelekile anoseyili bawo abashayeke ngokugcwele kuya kweyakamuva yemikhumbi ene-mega-container, ukungaphelelwa yisikhathi kanye nokufinyelela emhlabeni jikelele okugqugquzelwa imizila yokuhweba olwandle kumelelwa ngokugcwele. Kamuva nje, bengiseHong Kong eNgqungqutheleni ye-10th International Sustainable Seafood Summit, ephethwe yi-SeaWeb. Ngemva kwengqungquthela, iqembu elincane kakhulu lathatha ibhasi laya ezweni laseShayina ohambweni lokufuya izilwane zasemanzini. Ebhasini kwakukhona abanye ozakwethu abasixhasa ngezimali, abamele imboni yezinhlanzi, kanye nezintatheli ezine zaseShayina, u-John Sackton we-SeafoodNews.com, u-Bob Tkacz we-Alaska Journal of Commerce, abameleli be-NGO, kanye no-Nora Pouillon, umpheki odumile, isitolo sokudla ( Restaurant Nora), kanye nommeli owaziwayo wokuthola ukudla kwasolwandle okusimeme. 

Njengoba ngibhale kokuthunyelwe kwami ​​kokuqala mayelana nohambo lwase-Hong Kong, i-China ikhiqiza (futhi ingxenye enkulu, idla) cishe amaphesenti angama-30 wemikhiqizo yezilwane zasemanzini emhlabeni. AmaShayina anolwazi oluningi—ukulima kwezilwane zasemanzini kwenziwa eShayina cishe iminyaka eyizi-4,000 XNUMX. Ukufuywa kwezinhlanzi ngokwendabuko kwakuqhutshwa kakhulu eduze nemifula ezindaweni ezigcwele izikhukhula lapho ukufuywa kwezinhlanzi kwakuhlangene nezitshalo zohlobo oluthile ezingasebenzisa ukutholakala kwamanzi angcolile ezinhlanzi ukwandisa umkhiqizo. I-China iphokophele ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni ze-aquaculture ukuze ihlangabezane nesidingo sayo esikhulayo, kuyilapho igcina okunye ukufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini okungokwesiko kusendaweni. Futhi ukusungula izinto ezintsha kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwandisa i-aquaculture kungenziwa ngezindlela ezinenzuzo kwezomnotho, ezizwelayo endaweni ezungezile, nezifanele umphakathi.

Indawo yethu yokuqala kwakuyi-Guangzhou, inhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe sase-Guangdong, okuyikhaya labantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezingu-7. Lapho, sivakashele i-Huangsha Live Seafood Market eyaziwa njengemakethe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ethengisa ukudla kwasolwandle. Amathangi ama-lobster, ama-grouper, nezinye izilwane abebanga indawo nabathengi, abathengisi, abapakishi, nabathuthi—kanye nezinkulungwane zama-coolers e-Styrofoam aphinde asetshenziswe kaningi njengoba umkhiqizo ususwa emakethe uyiswe etafuleni ngamabhayisikili, iloli, noma okunye ukuthutha. . Imigwaqo imanzi ngamanzi achitheke emathangeni futhi asetshenziselwa ukugeza izindawo zokugcina, futhi kunoketshezi oluhlukahlukene umuntu ngokuvamile akhetha ukungahlali kulo. Imithombo yezinhlanzi ezibanjwe endle isemhlabeni wonke kanti iningi lomkhiqizo we-aquaculture wawuvela e-China noma e-Asia yonke. Izinhlanzi zigcinwa zizintsha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi ezinye zezinto ezesizini ethile - kodwa ngokuvamile kunengqondo ukusho ukuthi ungathola noma yini lapha, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo ongakaze uzibone ngaphambili.

Indawo yethu yesibili kwakuyiZhapo Bay eduze kwaseMaoming. Sathatha amatekisi amanzi asendulo saya kusethi entantayo yamapulazi ekheji asetshenziswa yi-Yangjiang Cage Culture Association. Izibaya ezingamakhulu amahlanu zazigcwele itheku. Eqoqweni ngalinye kwakunendlu encane lapho kwakuhlala khona umlimi wezinhlanzi kanye nokudla kwakugcinwa. Iningi lamaqoqo laliphinde libe nenja enkulu egadayo eyayigada izindlela eziwumngcingo phakathi kwamapeni ngamanye. Abasingathi bethu basibonisa omunye wemisebenzi futhi baphendula imibuzo ekukhiqizeni kwabo isigubhu esibomvu, i-croaker ephuzi, ipompano ne-grouper. Baze badonsa inetha eliphezulu bacwilisa phakathi base besinika iphampano ephilayo esidlweni sethu sakusihlwa, bapakishwe ngokucophelela esikhwameni sepulasitiki esiluhlaza namanzi ngaphakathi kwebhokisi le-Styrofoam. Sayithatha ngobuqotho saya nayo esitolo sokudla sakusihlwa futhi sayilungiselela kanye nezinye izibiliboco esasizokudla.

Isitobhi sethu sesithathu besisendlunkulu yeQembu lase-Guolian Zhanjiang ukuze senze isethulo sebhizinisi, isidlo sasemini, nokuvakasha kwendawo yayo yokucubungula kanye namalebhu okulawula ikhwalithi. Siphinde savakashela indawo yokuzalela izimfanzi e-Guolian kanye namachibi akhula akhula. Ake sithi le ndawo bekuyinkampani yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, egxile ekukhiqizeni imakethe yomhlaba wonke, egcwele isitokwe sayo esenziwe ngokwezifiso, ukuchanyuselwa kwezimfanzi okudidiyelwe, amachibi, ukukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo, ukucutshungulwa, ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nozakwethu bezohwebo. Kwakudingeka sigqoke izingubo ezigcwele, izigqoko namamaski, sihambe ngesibulala-magciwane, futhi sikhuhle ngaphambi kokuba sivakashele indawo yokucubungula. Ngaphakathi kwakukhona isici esisodwa sokulahla umhlathi okwakungesona ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Igumbi elilingana nenkundla yebhola elinemigqa phezu kwemigqa yabesifazane abagqoke amasudi e-hazmat, behlezi ezitulweni ezincane izandla zabo kubhasikidi weqhwa lapho babenquma khona amakhanda, bexebula futhi bekhipha izimfanzi. Le ngxenye yayingeyona ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, satshelwa, ngoba awukho umshini ongenza umsebenzi ngokushesha noma futhi
Umklomelo kaGuolian owine umklomelo (okuhlanganisa nezikhungo ezingcono kakhulu ze-Aquaculture Certification Council) ungenye yezindawo ezimbili kuphela zokuzalanisa izimfanzi ezimhlophe zase-Pacific (i-prawn) ezingeni likahulumeni e-China futhi ukuphela kwebhizinisi laseShayina elikhipha intela engaphandle (izinhlobo ezinhlanu zezimfanzi ezikhuliswe epulazini). imikhiqizo) eya e-USA. Ngokuzayo lapho uhlala phansi kunoma yiziphi izindawo zokudlela zase-Darden (njenge-Red Lobster noma i-Olive Garden) futhi u-oda i-shrimp scampi, cishe ivela e-Guolian, lapho yatshalwa khona, yacutshungulwa futhi yaphekwa.

Ohambweni lomkhakha sabona ukuthi zikhona izisombululo zenselelo yokulinganisa ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zamaprotheni kanye nemakethe. Izingxenye zale misebenzi kufanele ziqondaniswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo kwangempela: Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele, ubuchwepheshe besikali kanye nendawo yemvelo; ukuhlonza izidingo zenhlalo yomphakathi namasiko endawo (kokubili ukuhlinzekwa kwabasebenzi), kanye nokuqinisekisa izinzuzo eziqhubekayo zezomnotho. Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla, amanzi, nezokuthutha kumele nakho kufake isandla ekuthathweni kwezinqumo mayelana nokuthi le misebenzi ingasetshenziswa kanjani ukusekela imizamo yokuphepha kokudla kanye nokukhuthaza impilo yezomnotho yendawo.

Kwa-The Ocean Foundation, besibheka izindlela zobuchwepheshe obusafufusa obuthuthukiswe izinhlobonhlobo zezikhungo kanye nezithakazelo zezentengiselwano ezingasatshalaliswa ukuze kuhlinzekwe izinzuzo ezingaguquki, ezisimeme zezomnotho nezenhlalo eziphinde zinciphise ingcindezi ezilwaneni zasendle. E-New Orleans East, imboni yokudoba yasendaweni ibamba ama-80% omphakathi. ISiphepho uKatrina, ukuchitheka kukawoyela we-BP, nezinye izici ziqhubekisele phambili umzamo othokozisayo onezingqimba eziningi wokukhiqiza izinhlanzi, imifino, nezinkukhu ngesidingo sendawo yokudlela, ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kwezomnotho, nokuhlonza izindlela izinga lamanzi namandla angalawulwa ngayo. ukugwema ukulimala ezenzakalweni zesiphepho. E-Baltimore, iphrojekthi efanayo isesigabeni socwaningo. Kodwa lezo zindaba sizozigcinela okunye okuthunyelwe.