Amakhorali Adinga Ukukhululwa

Izixhobo zamakhorali zingabhekana nokulimala okuningi okungamahlalakhona nokubi, kuze kube yilapho zingakwazi. Uma i-reef tract idlula umkhawulo isuka ohlelweni olubuswa amakhorali iye ohlelweni olubuswa ama-micro-algae endaweni efanayo; kunzima kakhulu ukubuya.

“Ukushisa kuyobulala izixhobo zamakhorali; i-acidification yolwandle izobagcina befile.”
- UCharlie Veron

Ngihlonishwe ngesonto eledlule ngokumenywa yi-Central Caribbean Marine Institute kanye nomxhasi wayo, u-HRH The Earl wase-Wessex, ukuba ngihambele I-Rethinking the Future for Coral Reefs Symposium, e-St. James Palace e-London.  

Leli bekungelona igumbi lakho lenkomfa elivamile elingenafasitela kwelinye ihhotela elingenagama. Futhi lolu chungechunge bekungelona ukuhlangana kwakho okujwayelekile. Kwakunezigwegwe eziningi, kuncane (sasingaba ngu-25 kuphela ekamelweni), futhi ukuqeda u-Prince Edward wahlala nathi izinsuku ezimbili zengxoxo mayelana nezinhlelo zama-coral reef. Umcimbi wakulo nyaka wokushiswa kwamabala ngobuningi uwukuqhubeka komcimbi owaqala ngowezi-2014, ngenxa yokufudumala kwamanzi olwandle. Silindele ukuthi izehlakalo ezinjalo zokufiphala komhlaba zikhule ngobuningi, okusho ukuthi akukho esingakwenza ngaphandle kokuthi sicabange kabusha ikusasa lezixhobo zamakhorali. Ukufa okuphelele kwezinye izindawo nakwezinye izinhlobo akunakugwenywa. Kuwusuku oludabukisayo lapho kufanele silungise ukucabanga kwethu ukuze “izinto zizoba zimbi kakhulu, futhi ngokushesha kunalokho ebesikucabanga.” Kodwa, siphezu kwakho: Ukuthola ukuthi yini sonke esingayenza!

Izixhobo zamakhorali aziwona nje amakhorali kuphela, ziyisimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi kodwa esintekenteke sezinhlobo ezihlala ndawonye futhi ezincike komunye nomunye.  Izixhobo zamakhorali kalula njengendawo ebucayi kakhulu kuwo wonke amaplanethi wethu.  Ngakho-ke, kubikezelwa ukuthi zizoba uhlelo lokuqala oluzowa lapho kubhekene namanzi ashisayo, ukushintsha amakhemikhali olwandle, kanye nokukhishwa kwe-oxygenation olwandle ngenxa yokukhishwa kwethu kwegesi ebamba ukushisa. Lokhu kugoqa phambilini kwakubikezelwe ukuthi kuzosebenza ngokugcwele ngo-2050. Ukuvumelana kwalabo ababebuthene eLondon kwakuwukuthi sidinga ukushintsha lolu suku, silunyuse, njengoba lesi senzakalo sakamuva sokufiphala kwenqwaba sibangele ukufa okukhulu kwamakhorali umlando.

 

I-coral reef bleaching yinto yesimanje kakhulu. Ukukhipha igazi kwenzeka lapho ulwelwe lwe-symbiotic (zooxanthellae) lufa ngenxa yokushisa okweqile, okubangela ukuthi i-photosynthesis ime, futhi kuncishe amakhorali insiza yawo yokudla. Ngemuva kweSivumelwano saseParis sango-2016, sithemba ukuthi sizovala ukufudumala kweplanethi yethu ku-2 degrees Celsius. Ukufiphala esikubona namuhla kwenzeka nge-degree Celsius engu-1 kuphela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Yiminyaka emi-5 kuphela kwengu-15 edlule ebingenayo imicimbi yokufiphala. Ngamanye amazwi, imicimbi emisha yokufiphala manje iyeza ngokushesha futhi kaningi, okushiya isikhathi esincane sokululama. Lo nyaka unzima kangangoba ngisho nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ebesicabanga ukuthi zisindile ziba yizisulu zokushiswa kwesikhumba.

Lokhu kuhlasela kokushisa kwakamuva kwengeza kuphela ekulahlekelweni kwethu izixhobo zamakhorali. Ukungcola nokudoba ngokweqile kuyanda futhi kufanele kubhekwane nakho ukuze kusekelwe lokho okungase kwenzeke.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kusitshela ukuthi sidinga ukuthatha indlela ephelele yokusindisa izixhobo zamakhorali. Kudingeka siyeke ukubaphuca izinhlanzi nezakhamuzi ezakhe isimiso esinokulinganisela phakathi nenkulungwane yeminyaka. Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, yethu Uhlelo lwaseCuba uye wafunda futhi wasebenza ukuze alondoloze izixhobo zaseJardines de la Reina. Ngenxa yocwaningo lwabo, siyazi ukuthi lesi sixhobo sinempilo futhi siqinile kunezinye izixhobo zase-Caribbean. Amazinga e-trophic kusuka ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye eziphezulu kuya ku-microalgae asekhona; njengotshani basolwandle nemihlume endaweni eseduze. Futhi, bonke basalingana kakhulu.

Amanzi afudumele, imisoco eyeqile kanye nokungcola akuhloniphi imingcele. Ngalokho emqondweni, siyazi ukuthi ngeke sikwazi ukusebenzisa ama-MPA ukuze siguqule izixhobo zamakhorali ezingenabufakazi. Kodwa singaphishekela ngenkuthalo ukwamukelwa komphakathi kanye nokwesekwa kwezindawo ezivikelwe zasolwandle “zokungathathi” kuma-coral reef ecosystems ukuze sigcine ibhalansi nokwandisa ukuqina. Kudingeka sivimbele amahange, izinto zokudoba, abatshuzi, izikebhe, nama-dynamite ekuguquleni amapheshana ezixhobo zamakhorali abe yizicucu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele siyeke ukufaka izinto ezimbi olwandle: imfucumfucu yasolwandle, imisoco eyeqile, ukungcola okunobuthi, kanye nekhabhoni encibilikisiwe eholela e-acidification yolwandle.

Kufanele futhi sisebenzele ukubuyisela izixhobo zamakhorali. Amanye amakhorali angakhuliswa ekuthunjweni, emapulazini nasezingadini emanzini aseduze nogu, bese "atshalwe" phezu kwezixhobo ezonakele. Singakwazi ngisho nokukhomba izinhlobo zamakhorali ezikwazi ukubekezelela ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi kanye namakhemikhali. Esinye isazi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo muva nje sithe kuzoba namalungu ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhorali ayosinda ngenxa yezinguquko ezinkulu ezenzeka emhlabeni wethu, nokuthi lawo asele ayoba namandla kakhulu. Asikwazi ukubuyisa amakhorali amakhulu, amadala. Siyazi ukuthi isikali salokho esilahlekelwayo sidlula kude isilinganiso esikwaziyo ukukubuyisela ngokobuntu, kodwa konke kungasiza.

Ngokuhambisana nayo yonke le mizamo, kufanele futhi sibuyisele izimfunda eziseduze nezinye izindawo zokuhlala ezihambisana notshani. Njengoba kungenzeka uyazi, i-Ocean Foundation, ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngokuthi iCoral Reef Foundation. Sasungula i-Coral Reef Foundation cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule njengengosi yokuqala yabanikezeli bezokongiwa kwezixhobo zamakhorali—inikeza kokubili izeluleko zochwepheshe mayelana namaphrojekthi okongiwa kwamakhorali aphumelelayo kanye nezindlela ezilula zokunikela, ikakhulukazi emaqenjini amancane ezindaweni ezikude abethwele umthwalo omkhulu. yokuvikelwa kwezixhobo zamakhorali ezisekelwe endaweni.  Le portal iyaphila futhi iphilile futhi isisiza ukuthi sithole uxhaso kubantu abalungile abenza umsebenzi ongcono kakhulu emanzini.

Ukuphinda: Izixhobo zamakhorali zisengozini kakhulu emithelela yemisebenzi yabantu. Basengozini enkulu yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, amakhemikhali kanye nezinga lolwandle. Kuwumjaho wokulwa newashi ukuze kuqedwe umonakalo ovela ezintweni ezingcolisa umoya ukuze lawo makhorali angasinda, asinde. Uma sivikela izixhobo zokusebenza eziphakeme nomfula kanye nemisebenzi yabantu yasendaweni, silondoloza izindawo zokuhlala ezivumelanayo, futhi sibuyisela izixhobo ezonakele, siyazi ukuthi ezinye izixhobo zamakhorali zingasinda.

Iziphetho zomhlangano owawuseLondon zazingezinhle—kodwa sonke savumelana ngokuthi kufanele senze konke okusemandleni ethu ukwenza ushintsho oluhle lapho singakwazi khona. Kufanele sisebenzise indlela yesistimu ukuze sithole izixazululo ezigwema isilingo “sezinhlamvu zesiliva,” ikakhulukazi lezo ezingaba nemiphumela engahlosiwe. Kufanele kube nendlela yephothifoliyo yezenzo zokwakha ukuqina, ethathwe emikhubeni engcono kakhulu etholakalayo, futhi yaziswa kahle yisayensi, ezomnotho kanye nomthetho.

Asikwazi ukuziba izinyathelo ezihlangene ngamunye wethu azithatha egameni lolwandle. Isilinganiso sikhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, izenzo zakho zibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, thatha lolo cezu lukadoti, gwema amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye, hlanza isilwane sakho esifuywayo, weqa ukuvundisa utshani bakho (ikakhulukazi uma imvula isibikezelo), futhi hlola ukuthi ungasusa kanjani i-carbon footprint yakho.

Thina e-The Ocean Foundation sinesibopho sokuziphatha sokuqondisa ubudlelwano bomuntu nolwandle buyiswe kobunempilo ukuze izixhobo zamakhorali zingagcini nje ngokusinda, kodwa zichume. Sijoyine.

#ikusasaforcoralreefs