Amaqembu Angaphezu Kwekhulu Aphikisana No-HR 100

January 9, 2018 

Ilungu leKomidi Lezemvelo Lendlu Ethandekayo:

Siyakunxusa ukuthi uvote ngokuthi “cha” ku-HR 3133, umthethosivivinywa ozowenza buthaka kakhulu uMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwezilwane Zasolwandle (i-MMPA), ukuzibophezela kwesizwe sethu ekulondolozeni zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle: imikhomo, amahlengethwa, izimvu zamanzi, amabhubesi olwandle, ama-walrus, ulwandle. ama-otters, amabhere amhlophe, nama-manatee.

Iqhutshwa ukwesaba kwabantu baseMelika ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, iCongress yaphasisa i-MMPA ngokusekelwa okuqinile kwezinhlangothi ezimbili, futhi uMongameli uRichard Nixon wayisayina yaba umthetho ngo-Okthoba 1972. Umthetho uvikela izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle kanye nenani lazo, futhi usebenza kubo bonke abantu. kanye nemikhumbi emanzini ase-US, kanye nezakhamuzi zaseMelika kanye nemikhumbi yase-US ehlatshwe umkhosi olwandle. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwabantu kolwandle—ukuthutha ngemikhumbi, ukudoba, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla, ukuzivikela, izimayini nezokuvakasha—kunwetshwa, isidingo sokuvimbela kanye nokunciphisa imithelela eyingozi ezilwaneni ezincelisayo zasolwandle sikhulu kakhulu manje kunangesikhathi kushaywa i-MMPA eminyakeni engama-45 edlule.

Izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle zibalulekile empilweni yasolwandle, futhi kusekuningi okumele sikufunde mayelana neqhaza lazo njengoba ukuguquguquka kwempilo olwandle kuyinselele kakhulu ukutadisha kunalezo ezisemhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, imikhomo emikhulu—ehlanganisa nezilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni wezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni—ihambisa imisoco olwandle iqonde futhi inqande amabanga amade, isekela ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zasolwandle.

Izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle nazo ziwuzuzisa kakhulu umnotho wase-US. Ngokugcina ama-urchin adla ukhula lwasolwandle eqinile futhi enze amahlathi e-kelp akhule futhi abambe isikhutha, ama-sea otters aseCalifornia athuthukisa indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezithengiswayo, avikela ugu ekugugulekeni ngokunciphisa amandla amagagasi olwandle, futhi adonse abavakashi ngezandla zabo. imigilingwane ebukekayo. Amabhizinisi okubukela imikhomo ayachuma kuzo zonke izindawo ezisogwini e-United States, anamabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-450 okubukela imikhomo, izigidi ezi-5 zokubuka imikhomo, kanye nemali engenayo elinganiselwa ku-$1 bhiliyoni kwezokuvakasha ogwini ngo-2008 (unyaka wakamuva kakhulu onezibalo eziphelele. zikhona). Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ama-manatee adonsela izivakashi eFlorida, ikakhulukazi ebusika lapho ama-manatee ebuthana ezindaweni ezifudumele eduze kwemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile.

Asikho nesisodwa isilwane esincelisayo sasolwandle esitholakala emanzini ase-US esingasekho eminyakeni engama-45 selokhu i-MMPA yaba umthetho, njengoba imisebenzi yabantu olwandle ikhule ngendlela emangalisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle zenza kangcono emanzini ase-US, nezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezisengozini yokushabalala lapha kunasemanzini angaphandle kwe-United States. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezehlile zafinyelela emazingeni aphansi ngokuyingozi zenze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekubuyiselweni kwazo 

abantu abangaphansi kokuvikelwa kwe-MMPA, okuhlanganisa nama-porpoise asechwebeni e-Atlantic kanye nezimvu zamanzi zezindlovu oGwini oluseNtshonalanga. Lezi zinhlobo zezilwane ziyathuthuka ngenxa ye-MMPA, ngaleyo ndlela zigwema isidingo sokuvikelwa ngaphansi kwe-Endangered Species Act (ESA). Izibalo ezimbili ze-humpback whale ezidla e-United States, kanye nemikhomo empunga esempumalanga yeNyakatho yePacific kanye nenani lasempumalanga lamabhubesi olwandle i-Steller, zithuthuke kakhulu ngosizo olwengeziwe lwe-ESA. 
Ngaphandle kwalezi mpumelelo, i-MMPA manje isingaphansi kokuhlaselwa okubi. I-HR 3133 ifuna ukukhuthaza ukuhlolwa kukawoyela negesi okuyimpikiswano phesheya kolwandle, kanye neminye imisebenzi yezimboni olwandle, ngokususa ukuvikela okusenhliziyweni ye-MMPA. Lo mthethosivivinywa uzowenza buthaka kakhulu izindinganiso ezingokomthetho zokukhishwa kwe-Incident Harassment Authorizations (IHAs), uvimbele ososayensi besikhungo ekudingeni cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuncishiswa, unciphise kakhulu ukugadwa kwemithelela ezilwaneni ezincelisayo zasolwandle, futhi ubeke uhlelo lwezikhathi eziqinile kanye nezimvume ezizenzakalelayo zokugunyaza kwenza kube nzima, noma kungenzeki, ngososayensi ukuba banikeze noma yikuphi ukubuyekezwa okunengqondo kwemisebenzi engase ibe yingozi. Imiphumela engemihle yalezi zinguquko ekongiweni kwezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ingaba nkulu.

Izinhlinzeko u-HR 3133 azozibukela phansi zibalulekile ekongiweni kwemvelo ngaphansi kwe-MMPA. Ukuhlukunyezwa okuvela ezimbonini kungase kuphazamise ukuziphatha okubalulekile—njengokufuna ukudla, ukuzalanisa, nokuncelisa—okuncike kukho izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ukuze ziphile futhi zizalane. I-MMPA iqinisekisa ukuthi imithelela yale misebenzi ilawulwa ngendlela efanele futhi incishiswe. Ukwenza buthaka lezi zinhlinzeko eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kukawoyela negesi kanye neminye imisebenzi, njengoba i-HR 3133 ihlosile, kuzobeka izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle zaseMelika ekulimaleni okungadingekile futhi kwenze kube namathuba amaningi okuthi abantu bazo basongelwa noma babe sengozini esikhathini esizayo.

Yize zingekho izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle zase-US esezishabalele, futhi ezinye seziluleme, ezinye zibhekene nobunzima bokusinda, okuhlanganisa imikhomo kaBryde eGulf of Mexico, imikhomo ebulalayo yamanga eHawaii naseWestern North Atlantic, imikhomo yaseCuvier eneqhwa enyakatho yePacific, kanye nePribilof Island/Eastern Pacific stock of northern fur seals. Eziningi zalezi zilwane zisengcupheni yokufa ngenxa yokushayisana kwemikhumbi noma ukubhajwa ezinsizeni zokudoba, futhi zonke zibhekene nemithelela yezingcindezi ezingapheli, okuhlanganisa nomsindo wolwandle nokungcoliswa komhlaba, okwehlisa amandla azo okuchuma nokuzala.

Sengiphetha, sicela ukuthi usekele lo mthetho wokongiwa kwe-bedrock, kanye nevoti lakho elithi “cha” ku-HR 3133 eKomitini Lezemvelo LeNdlu kusasa. 

Ozithobayo, 
Amabhizinisi nezinhlangano ezisayinwe ngezansi eziyi-108 

1. Oceana 
2. I-Acoustic Ecology Institute 
3. Altamaha Riverkeeper 
4. I-American Cetacean Society 
5. I-American Cetacean Society Oregon Isahluko 
6. I-American Cetacean Society Student Coalition 
7. Isikhungo Sezenhlalakahle Yezilwane 
8. Isevisi Yephuli Engcono 
9. I-Blue Frontier 
10.Blue Sphere Foundation 
11.BlueVoice.org 
12.Isikhungo Sogu Oluzinzile 
13.Center for Biological Diversity 
14.Isikhungo Socwaningo Lwemikhomo 
15.Cetacean Society International 
16.Chukchi Sea Watch 
17.Izakhamizi Zikhankasela Imvelo 
18.Isenzo Samanzi Ahlanzekile 
19.Umklamo Wesimo Sezulu Nenqubomgomo 
20.I-Coffee Party Savannah 
21.Conservation Law Foundation 
22.Ama-Debris Free Oceans 
23.Abavikeli Bezilwane Zasendle 
24.Dogwood Alliance 
25.Earth Action, Inc. 
26.Earth Law Centre 
27.Ubulungiswa bomhlaba 
28.Eco Goddess 
29.EcoStrings 
30.I-Endangered Species Coalition 
31.I-Environmental Caucus, California Democratic Party 
32.Isikhwama Sokuvikela Imvelo 
33.Ukuthola i-52 LLC 
34.Inkundla Yokudla Nokulima 
35.Abangane be-Sea Otter 
36.I-Gotham Whale 
37.Greenpeace USA 
38.Iqembu lase-East End 
39.Inethiwekhi Yokubuyisela IGulf 
40.Hackensack Riverkeeper 
41.Izandla Ngaphesheya Kwesihlabathi / Umhlaba 
42.Izindlalifa Zolwandle Lwethu 
43.I-Hip Hop Caucus 
44.Isikhwama Sezomthetho Senhlangano Yabantu 
45.I-Indivisible Fallbrook 
46.Inland Ocean Coalition & Colorado Ocean Coalition 
47.Inland Ocean Coalition / Colorado Ocean Coalition 
48.Institute for Ocean Conservation Science eStony Brook University 
49.Isikhwama Somhlaba Wonke Senhlalakahle Yezilwane 
50.Umklamo Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wezilwane Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle ze-Earth island Institute 
51.Kingfisher Eastsound Studio 
52.Iligi yabavoti bezoKongiwa kweMvelo 
53.LegaSeas 
54.Marine Conservation Institute 
55.Marine Mammal Alliance Nantucket 
56.Marine Watch International 
57.Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka 
58.Mize Family Foundation 
59.Mystic Aquarium 
60.Inhlangano Yesizwe Ye-Audubon 
61.Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yokongiwa Kweziqiwi 
62.UMkhandlu Wokuvikela Izinsiza Zemvelo 
63.Isimo Sethemba 
64.New England Coastal Wildlife Alliance 
65.NY/NJ Baykeeper 
66.Ucwaningo Lokongiwa Kolwandle 
67.Oceanic Preservation Society 
68.One Hundred Miles 
69.Esinye Isizukulwane 
70.Orange County Coastkeeper/ Inland Empire Waterkeeper 
71.I-Orca Conservancy 
72.Outer Banks Centre for Dolphin Research 
73.Imvelo YasePacific 
74.Pacific Marine Mammal Centre 
75.PAX Scientific 
76.Inethiwekhi Yokushintsha Amandla 
77.Abaqaphi Bomphakathi 
78.Puget Soundkeeper Alliance 
79.Izilwandle Ezivuselelayo 
80.Amatilosi Olwandle 
81.San Diego Hydro 
82.San Fernando Valley Audubon Society 
83.SandyHook SeaLife Foundation (SSF) 
84.Gcina Ugu Lwethu 
85.Save The Bay 
86.Save the Manatee Club 
87.Gcina Imikhomo Nolwandle 
88.Seattle Aquarium 
89.Shark Stewards 
90.Sierra Club 
91.Sierra Club National Marine Team 
92.Sonoma Coast Surfrider 
93.South Carolina Coastal Conservation League 
94.Isikhungo Somthetho Sendawo EseNingizimu 
95.Surfrider Foundation 
96.Sylvia Earle Alliance / Mission Blue 
97.Iphrojekthi Yehlengethwa 
98. I-Humane Society yase-United States 
99. I-Ocean Foundation 
100. Inkampani Yevidiyo Yomkhomo 
101. Inhlangano Yasehlane 
102. Amandla Ombono, LLC. 
103. UMkhandlu Wezemvelo WaseWashington 
104. Amasonto Consulting 
105. Ukongiwa kwemikhomo namahlengethwa 
106. I-Whale Scout 
107. Iphrojekthi Yehlengethwa Yasendle 
108. Ukuvikelwa Kwezilwane Emhlabeni (US)