I-Oasis Yesayensi

Emaphethelweni echibi elikude e-Baja California Sur, elizungezwe indawo enama-succulents aphansi, amaflethi kasawoti abanzi, kanye nobude obuphakeme. teasel i-cacti evela emkhathizwe njengabalindi abafana ne-totem embozwe udaka, kunelabhorethri encane. I-Francisco "Pachico" I-Mayoral Field Laboratory. 

Ngaphakathi kwale labhorethri, ne-turbine yayo evunguzayo ezungeza ngamandla ku-axis yayo eqondile ukuze ibambe ukuqhuma ngakunye, amaphaneli ayo elanga acwebezela njengamachibi e-obsidian anemigqa egetshezwe elangeni lasogwadule, enye yesayensi ehamba phambili emhlabeni mayelana nemikhomo empunga iyenziwa. . Futhi, kwenziwa ngabanye babantu abangcono kakhulu emhlabeni ukuze ikwenze.

Lolu uhlelo lwe-Laguna San Ignacio Ecosystem Science, iphrojekthi ye-The Ocean Foundation.

Futhi, lena i-Laguna San Ignacio, lapho ugwadule luhlangana khona nolwandle, i-ecosystem yasogwini lwasogwini lwasolwandle, oluyingxenye ye-El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve yaseMexico.

Sekuyiminyaka eminingi le ndawo eqhelile ithwebula abahloli bamazwe, ososayensi, abenzi bamafilimu nabadobi, abadobi bemikhomo nezimboni. Ichweba, elaziwa kakhulu ngenani elimangalisayo lemikhomo empunga efika njalo ebusika ukuze izozalanisa futhi izale, igcwele izilwane zasendle ezihlukahlukene zasolwandle, kuhlanganise nezimfudu zasolwandle, amahlengethwa, ama-lobster, nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ezithengiswa kakhulu. Ichweba liphinde libe yisiphephelo esibalulekile sezinyoni zasemanzini ezifudukayo kanye nezinyoni zasogwini ezifuna ukudla nendawo yokukhosela emaxhaphozini alo anothile. Amahlathi omhlume abomvu namhlophe akulesi sifunda agcwele ukuphila.

Uma usuka phezulu, leli chibi libonakala liyindawo evundile ezungezwe izintaba ezibomvu ne-ocher, uLwandlekazi lwasePacific olubanzi luphuka ngokuchichimayo esihlabathini esiveza indawo yokungena echibini. Uma ubuka phezulu, isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza ngokuphaphathekile sishintsha njalo ebusuku sibe umbhede ocwazimulayo wezinkanyezi ezigeleza phakathi kwama-eddies nama-whirlpools e-Milky Way.

“Umuntu ovakashele echwebeni kumele ayeke ukuhambisana nemimoya, amagagasi, ngokwenza lokho, zonke izimanga zendawo zifinyeleleka. Lolu shintsho lwaminyaka yonke lwesimo sengqondo nombono, ukuncipha kokuphila kwansuku zonke ukulandela amawashi emvelo engeziwe, ukuthuthukisa ukwazisa okugcwele kwalokho usuku ngalunye olusilethele kona, okuhle noma okubi, yilokho esakubiza ngokuthi 'Isikhathi SaseLagoon.'” – USteven Swartz (1)

Imephu yokuqala edwetshwe ngesandla ka-Steven Swartz noMary Lou Jones

Lapho ngifika okokuqala ebusuku ogwini lwayo olumnyama oluyinki olulandela uhambo lwe-4 × 4 ogwadule, umoya uvunguza ngamandla futhi unamandla—njengoba uvame ukwenza—futhi ugcwele amatshe asogwadule nosawoti, ngakwazi ukukhipha umsindo ophuma ubumnyama phambi kwami. Njengoba ngigxile emsindweni, ezinye izinzwa zami zathuliswa. Amatende aphephukayo ahlala abafundi kanye nososayensi bamiswa phakathi kwebhilide; izinkanyezi zahlehla zaba igwebu lenkanyezi, umbala wazo omhlophe othuntu ubonakala uvala umsindo futhi uwunikeze incazelo ye-synesthetic. Futhi-ke, ngangiwazi umsuka womsindo.

Kwakuwumsindo wokushaywa komkhomo ompunga—omama namankonyane—unanela ngokudabukisayo emkhathizwe, i-whoosh egutshuzelwe ubumnyama obuwumhume, engcoliswe imfihlakalo, nokwembula impilo entsha.

U-Ballenas uyajabula. Eschrichtius robustus. Imikhomo empunga engaqondakali yaseLaguna San Ignacio. Kamuva ngangizozibonela mathupha ukuthi nabo banobungane.

Nakuba le ndawo ihehe abantu abaningi abathakaselayo njengoba abacwaningi, njengoDkt. Ray Gilmore, “ubaba wokubuka imikhomo,” baqala ukwenza uhambo lwesayensi emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, uDkt. Steven Swartz noMary Lou Jones benza. izifundo zokuqala ezihlelekile zemikhomo empunga echibini kusukela ngo-1977-1982. (2) UDkt. Swartz ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uzosebenzisana noDkt. Jorge Urban ukusungula iLaguna San Ignacio Ecosystem Science Programme (LSIESP), okwathi, ngo-2009, yaba iphrojekthi exhaswe ngokwezimali ye-The Ocean Foundation.

Lolu hlelo lubheka “izinkomba”—amamethrikhi ezinto eziphilayo, ezemvelo, kanye nezokuhlalisana kwabantu—ukuqapha nokunikeza izincomo zokuqinisekisa impilo eqhubekayo ye-Laguna San Ignacio Wetlands Complex. Idatha eqoqwe yi-LSIESP, ebhekwa ngokwengqikithi yezinguquko ezinkulu zemvelo ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, iwusizo kakhulu ekuhleleni isikhathi eside ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lesi simiso semvelo esiyingqayizivele singakwazi ukusekela izingcindezi zangaphandle ezivela ku-eco-tourism, ukudoba, kanye nabantu ababiza lokhu. beka ekhaya. Amasethi edatha angaphazamiseki asize ekulolongeni ukuqonda kwethu kwechibi, izingcindezi zalo, imijikelezo yalo, kanye nemvelo yezakhamuzi zakhona zesizini nezaphakade. Ngokuhambisana nedatha eyisisekelo yomlando, imizamo eqhubekayo ye-LSIESP yenze le ndawo ibe ngenye yezindawo ezifundwe kakhulu zokubheka ukuziphatha komkhomo ompunga emhlabeni.

Ithuluzi elilodwa eliwusizo elivele emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule izithombe zedijithali. Kwake kwaba umsebenzi owawudinga inani elikhulu lefilimu, amakhemikhali anobuthi, amagumbi amnyama, neso elibukhali lokuqhathanisa, manje abacwaningi sebengathatha amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zezithombe ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze bathwebule isithombe esihle kakhulu ngezinjongo zokuqhathanisa. Amakhompiyutha asiza ekuhlaziyeni izithombe ngokuvumela ukubuyekezwa okusheshayo, ukuhlolwa, nokugcinwa unomphela. Ngenxa yamakhamera edijithali, ukuhlonza izithombe sekuphenduke insika yebhayoloji yezilwane zasendle futhi kuvumela i-LSIESP ukuthi ibambe iqhaza ekuqaphelweni kwempilo, isimo somzimba, kanye nokukhula impilo yonke yomkhomo ngamunye ompunga echwebeni.

I-LSIESP nabacwaningi bayo bebelokhu beshicilela imibiko yalokho abakutholile kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 ngokuhlonza izithombe okubamba indima ebalulekile. Embikweni wakamuva wasensimini wesizini ka-2015-2016, abacwaningi bayaphawula: “Izithombe zemikhomo 'ephinde yabanjwa' ziqinisekise ubudala bomkhomo wesifazane obusukela eminyakeni engama-26 kuye kwengama-46, nokuthi lezi zintokazi ziyaqhubeka nokuzala futhi zivakashele eLaguna San Ignacio amathole abo amasha njalo ebusika. Lena idatha endala yokuhlonza izithombe yanoma yimiphi imikhomo empunga ephilayo, futhi ikhombisa ngokusobala ukwethembeka kokuzalanisa imikhomo yabesifazane e-Laguna San Ignacio.” (3)

Amasethi edatha esikhathi eside, angaphazamiseki anike amandla abacwaningi be-LSIESP ukuthi bahlobanise ukuziphatha komkhomo ompunga nezimo zemvelo ezinkulu ezihlanganisa imijikelezo ka-El Niño y La Niña, i-Pacific Decadal Oscillation, namazinga okushisa olwandle. Ukuba khona kwalezi zenzakalo kunomthelela obonakalayo ngesikhathi sokufika nokuhamba kwemikhomo empunga njalo ebusika, kanye nenani lemikhomo kanye nempilo yayo yonke.

Ucwaningo olusha lwezakhi zofuzo luvumela abacwaningi ukuthi baqhathanise imikhomo empunga yaseLaguna San Ignacio nenani elisengozini yokushabalala yemikhomo empunga yaseNtshonalanga, ehlala ngaphesheya komfula iPacific. Ngokubambisana nezinye izikhungo emhlabeni jikelele, i-LSIESP isiphenduke indawo eyinhloko kunethiwekhi yokuqapha ehlukahlukene ezinikele ekuqondeni kangcono imvelo kanye nohlu lwemikhomo empunga emhlabeni wonke. Ukubonwa kwamuva nje kwemikhomo empunga ogwini lwase-Israel naseNamibia kusikisela ukuthi uhla lwayo lungakhula njengoba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuvula amaphasishi angenaqhwa e-Arctic ukuze avumele ukuhamba kwemikhomo ibuyele e-Atlantic—ulwandle abangakaze baludle kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. ukushabalala ngesikhathi sokuphakama kwe-whaling yokuhweba.

I-LSIESP iphinde yandisa ucwaningo lwayo lwezinyoni ukuze ihlole indima ebalulekile edlalwa izinyoni ku-ecosystem eyinkimbinkimbi yasogwini, kanye nobuningi bazo nokuziphatha kwazo. Ngemuva kokulahlekelwa okudabukisayo kwezinyoni ezizalela phansi e-Isla Garza nase-Isla Pelicano kuma-coyote alambile, abonakale enekhono lokuqapha amagagasi noma ababhukudi abanekhono ngempela, kufakwe izikhala zokwenziwa echibini ukuze kusizwe abantu bakhe kabusha. .

Nokho, izinsiza ezengeziwe zidingeka kakhulu ukuze kusekelwe ucwaningo lwezinyoni ezisafufusa lwalolu hlelo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amasethi edatha esikhathi eside, ahlelekile asebenze indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni ukuqonda kwethu imikhomo empunga yasolwandle. Lo mzamo ubaluleke kakhulu uma kucatshangelwa indima edlalwa idatha enokwethenjelwa ekwenzeni inqubomgomo yomphakathi, edinga ukusebenzisana namazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuvikelwe izinhlobo zezinyoni ezifuduka kakhulu echwebeni.

Mhlawumbe omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yohlelo ukufundisa. I-LSIESP ihlinzeka ngamathuba okufunda ngokubandakanya abafundi—isikole samabanga aphansi kuze kube sekolishi—kanye nokubachaya ezindleleni zocwaningo lwesayensi, izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokongiwa kwemvelo, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, i-ecosystem ebabazekayo, eyingqayizivele engagcini ngokuphatha ukuphila—ekhuthaza ukuphila.

Emuva ngoMashi, uhlelo lubambe ikilasi elivela e-Autonomous University of Baja California Sur, uzakwethu obalulekile we-LSIESP. Ngesikhathi sohambo, abafundi babambe iqhaza ekuzilolongeni, okufana nomsebenzi owenziwe abacwaningi balolu hlelo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlonza izithombe zemikhomo empunga kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinyoni ukuze balinganisele ubuningi bezinyoni nokuhlukahlukana. Sikhuluma neqembu ekupheleni kohambo lwalo, sixoxe ngezinhlobonhlobo zamathuba atholakalayo okusekela lo msebenzi obalulekile, kanye nokubaluleka kokuzibonela mathupha ichweba. Yize kungebona bonke abafundi abazoqhubeka nokuba yizazi zezilwane zasendle abasebenza kulo mkhakha, kusobala ukuthi lolu hlobo lokuxhumana alugcini nje ngokugqugquzela ukuqwashisa-ludala isizukulwane esisha sabaphathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvikelwa okuqhubekayo kwechweba kuze kube manje. .

Ngenkathi abafundi besechibini, i-LSIESP iphinde yenza uchungechunge lwayo lweshumi lwaminyaka yonke lwe-“Community Reunion” kanye nochungechunge lwesayensi. Izihloko eziningi ezicutshungulwe embikweni womkhakha walo nyaka zidingidwe ngokwezethulo zabacwaningi, okuhlanganisa nezibuyekezo zokubalwa kwabantu ezimpunga, imiphumela yocwaningo lokuqala lwezinyoni zezinyoni, izifundo eziphathelene nobudala bomkhomo wesifazane ompunga kusukela ekuhlonzweni kwezithombe zomlando, ukukhala kwemikhomo empunga, kanye nezifundo ze-acoustic mayelana imijikelezo kadiyeli yemisindo yebhayoloji neyomuntu echwebeni.

Idonsa izivakashi ezingaba ngu-125, okuhlanganisa izivakashi, abafundi, abacwaningi, nezakhamuzi zendawo, i-Community Reunion ibonisa ukuzibophezela kwe-LSIESP ekusabalaliseni ulwazi oluthembekile lwesayensi nokudala indawo yezingxoxo nababambe iqhaza abaningi abasebenzisa ichweba. Ngezinkundla ezinjengalezi, lolu hlelo lufundisa futhi lunikeze umphakathi wendawo amandla okwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo.

Lolu hlobo lokuxoxisana nomphakathi lubonakale lubalulekile ngemuva kwesinqumo sikahulumeni waseMexico sokukhansela uhlelo oluyimpikiswano ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1990 lokwakha indawo yezimboni yokukhiqiza usawoti welanga echwebeni, obekungashintsha kakhulu imvelo. Ngokubandakanya izakhamuzi zendawo, i-LSIESP inikeze idatha yokweseka intuthuko esimeme yemboni yezokuvakasha yemvelo echumayo encike ekulondolozweni kwezitshalo nezilwane eziyingqayizivele zaleli chweba. Imizamo eqhubekayo yokongiwa kwemvelo idala imbuyiselo yezomnotho ekutshalweni kwezimali uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka kokugcina isikhalazo sangempela se-ecosystem yasolwandle sokuqhubeka nokuheha izivakashi ezisekela ukuphila kwezakhamuzi zendawo.

Liyini ikusasa lale ndawo ekhethekile? Ngaphezu kokungaqiniseki okuhlobene nomthelela ohlelweni lwezemvelo olubangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kuyaqhubeka echwebeni. Yize umgwaqo oya echwebeni ungeyona indlela ephithizelayo, kukhona ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ukwanda kokufinyelela okubangelwa umgwaqo ohamba phambili ogandayiwe kuzonyusa ingcindezi kule ndawo entekenteke. Izinhlelo zokuletha isevisi kagesi namanzi avela edolobheni laseSan Ignacio zizothuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo yezakhamuzi zendawo, kodwa akucaci ukuthi le ndawo ewugwadule ingasekela yini indawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe ehlala njalo kuyilapho ilondoloza ikhwalithi yayo eyingqayizivele kanye nobuningi bezilwane zasendle.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini engenzeka eminyakeni ezayo, kuyacaca ukuthi ukuvikelwa okuqhubekayo kwe-Laguna San Ignacio kuzoncika kakhulu, njengoba kuye kwenzeka esikhathini esidlule, ezivakashini ezivelele kakhulu zendawo, i-la ballena gris.

“Ekugcineni ama-gray whale angamanxusa awo okuthakasela. Bambalwa abantu abahlangana nalawa maleviyathani asendulo abahamba bengashintshile. Azikho ezinye izilwane eMexico ezikwazi ukuthola uhlobo lokusekelwa imikhomo empunga. Ngakho-ke, lawa ma-cetaceans azobumba ikusasa lawo. ” – Serge Dedina (4)

Emuva eWashington, DC, ngizithola ngivame ukukhunjuzwa ngesikhathi sami echwebeni. Mhlawumbe yingoba ngihlala ngithola, kuze kube namuhla, izinhlayiya zasogwadule ezintweni ezihlukahlukene engize nazo lapho—esikhwameni sami sokulala, kukhamera yami, ngisho nakukhibhodi engibhala phezu kwayo ngalesi sikhathi. Noma mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi lapho ngizwa amagagasi eqhwasha ogwini, noma ukukhala komoya wolwandle, angikwazi ukuzibamba kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi kukhona omunye umsindo onkenenezayo khona kanye ngaphansi. Futhi, lapho ngigxila kulowo msindo—njengoba ngenza ngobusuku engafika ngabo echibini ngomsindo omncane wokushaywa kwemikhomo emkhathizwe—uqala ukufana nengoma. Ikhonsathi ye-cetacean. Kodwa le ngoma iye yawela ngaphezu kwezilwandle ezinkulu. Iwele umkhathi womoya womuntu, ihlanganisa abantu abavela emhlabeni wonke, kuwebhu yayo ye-symphonic. Ingoma engashiyi isivakashi echwebeni. Ingoma esibizela emuva kuleyo ndawo yasendulo lapho imikhomo nabantu bephila ngokulingana, njengabalingani, futhi njengomndeni.

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(1) Swartz, Steven (2014). Isikhathi saseLagoon. I-Ocean Foundation. San Diego, CA. 1st edition. Ikhasi 5.

(2) Uhlelo lwe-Laguna San Ignacio Ecosystem Science (2016). “Mayelana.” http://www.sanignaciograywhales.org/about/. 

(3) Uhlelo lweSayensi ye-Ecosystem ye-Laguna San Ignacio (2016). Umbiko Wocwaningo wango-2016 we-Laguna San Ignacio & Bahia Magdalena. 2016 http://www.sanignaciograywhales.org/2016/06/2016-research-reports-new-findings/

(4) Dedina, Serge (2000). Ukusindisa Umkhomo Ompunga: Abantu, Ezombusazwe, Nokulondolozwa e-Baja California. Inyuvesi yase-Arizona Press. Tucson, Arizona. 1st edition.