Ukushintsha Kokuziphatha Olwandle

NguMark J. Spalding, uMongameli

Siyazi ukuthi sifuna ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano babantu nolwandle. Sifuna ukuqondisa indlela ebheke emhlabeni lapho sikwazisa khona ukuncika kwethu olwandle futhi sibonise lelo gugu ngazo zonke izindlela esihlangana ngazo nolwandle—ukuphila eduze nalo, ukuhamba ngalo, ukuthutha izimpahla zethu, nokubamba ukudla lapho ngidinga. Kufanele sifunde ukuhlonipha izidingo zakhe futhi silahlekelwe yinganekwane osekunesikhathi eside ikhona yokuthi ulwandle lukhulu kakhulu ukuthi abantu bangakwazi ukuba nomthelela ezinhlelweni zalo emhlabeni jikelele.

IBhange Lomhlaba lisanda kukhipha umbiko onamakhasi angama-238 othi, “Ingqondo, Umphakathi, Nokuziphatha”, okuyinhlanganisela ebanzi yezinkulungwane zezifundo ezivela ezizweni ezingaphezu kuka-80, zibheka indima yezici zengqondo nezenhlalo ekuthathweni kwezinqumo nasekushintsheni kokuziphatha. Lo mbiko omusha weBhange Lomhlaba uqinisekisa ukuthi abantu bacabanga ngokuzenzakalelayo, bacabange ngokwenhlalo, futhi bacabange besebenzisa izibonelo zengqondo (uhlaka lolwazi lwangaphambili, izindinganiso, nolwazi ababuka ngalo isinqumo ngasinye). Lezi ziyalukwa, zakha phezu kolunye; akuzona izisele. Kudingeka sibhekane nazo zonke kanyekanye.

Uma sibheka ukongiwa kolwandle kanye nokuphathwa kolwandle, kukhona ukuziphatha kwansuku zonke esingathanda ukubona abantu bekwenza ukuze sisize ukusiyisa lapho sifuna ukuya khona. Kunezinqubomgomo esikholelwa ukuthi zingasiza abantu nolwandle uma bezingamukelwa. Lo mbiko unikeza amaphuzu athakazelisayo mayelana nendlela abantu abacabanga futhi benze ngayo angase abonise wonke umsebenzi wethu—ingxenye enkulu yalo mbiko iqinisekisa ukuthi besisebenza, ngezinga elithile, emibonweni eyiphutha nokuqagela okunganembile. Ngabelana ngalezi zithombe ezinhle kakhulu. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, nansi i-a isixhumanisi kusifinyezo esinamakhasi angama-23 kanye nakumbiko uqobo.

Okokuqala, kumayelana nendlela esicabanga ngayo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokucabanga “okusheshayo, okuzenzakalelayo, okungazikhandla, nokuhlanganisayo” kuqhathaniswa “nokunensa, okuhlotshaniswayo, okuzikhandlayo, okulandelanayo, nokucabangelayo.” Iningi labantu lingabantu abazenzakalelayo hhayi abacabanga ngamabomu (yize becabanga ukuthi benza ngamabomu). Izinketho zethu zisekelwe kulokho okufika engqondweni (noma ukukunikeza uma kuziwa esikhwameni samashidi amazambane). Ngakho-ke, kufanele "sidizayine izinqubomgomo ezenza kube lula futhi kube lula kubantu ngabanye ukukhetha ukuziphatha okuhambisana nemiphumela abayifisayo kanye nezinto abazithandayo."

Okwesibili, yindlela esisebenza ngayo njengengxenye yomphakathi wabantu. Abantu ngabanye bayizilwane zomphakathi ezithonywa izintandokazi zomphakathi, amanethiwekhi omphakathi, ubunikazi bomphakathi, kanye nezinkambiso zomphakathi. Lokho kusho ukuthi abantu abaningi banendaba nokuthi labo ababazungezile benzani nokuthi bangena kanjani emaqenjini abo. Ngakho, balingisa ukuziphatha kwabanye cishe ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ngeshwa, njengoba sifunda embikweni, "Abenzi benqubomgomo bavame ukubukela phansi ingxenye yezenhlalo ekushintsheni kokuziphatha." Isibonelo, ithiyori yezomnotho yendabuko ibamba ukuthi abantu bahlale benquma ngokuhluzekile nangokwezintshisekelo zabo (okungasho ukucatshangelwa kokubili kwesikhathi esifushane kanye nesikhathi eside). Lo mbiko uqinisekisa ukuthi le thiyori ingamanga, okungenzeka ukuthi ayikumangazi. Eqinisweni, igomela ukwehluleka okungenzeka kwezinqubomgomo ezisekelwe kule nkolelo yokuthi izinqumo eziphusile zomuntu ngamunye ziyohlala zibusa.

Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, “izikhuthazo zezomnotho azizona ngempela ezingcono kakhulu noma ukuphela kwendlela yokukhuthaza abantu ngabanye. Ukushisekela isikhundla nokuqashelwa emphakathini kusho ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, izikhuthazo zomphakathi zingasetshenziswa eceleni noma esikhundleni sezisusa zezomnotho ukuze kuvuswe ukuziphatha okufiswayo.” Ngokusobala, noma iyiphi inqubomgomo esiyenzayo noma umgomo esifuna ukuwufinyelela kufanele ingene kumanani ethu avamile futhi igcwalise umbono owabiwe uma sifuna ukuphumelela.

Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi bathanda ukucabangela abanye abantu, ukulunga kanye nokubuyisana futhi banomoya wokubambisana. Sithinteka kakhulu ezinkambisweni zomphakathi, futhi senze ngokufanele. Njengoba umbiko ubonisa, “Sivame ukufuna ukufeza lokho abanye abakulindele kithi.”

Siyazi ukuthi “siziphatha njengamalungu amaqembu, okuhle nokubi.” “Sikuthinta kanjani ukuthambekela komphakathi kwabantu ekuzihlanganiseni nasekuziphatheni njengamalungu amaqembu ukuze kudale ushintsho emphakathini” ukuze sihlehlise ukuthambekela kokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zolwandle emhlabeni jikelele?

Ngokwalo mbiko, abantu abathathi izinqumo ngokuthatha imiqondo abazisungulele yona, kodwa ezisekelweni zengqondo ezigxiliswe ebuchosheni babo, ezivame ukulolongwa ubudlelwano bezomnotho, izinhlangano ezingokwenkolo, kanye nokubonakala kwamaqembu emphakathini. Bebhekene nesibalo esinzima, abantu bahumusha idatha entsha ngendlela ehambisana nokuzethemba kwabo emibonweni yabo yangaphambili.

Umphakathi wezokongiwa kwemvelo kudala ukholelwa ukuthi uma sinikeza amaqiniso nje mayelana nezinsongo empilweni yolwandle noma ukwehla kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, khona-ke abantu bazoshintsha ngokwemvelo ukuziphatha kwabo ngoba bathanda ulwandle futhi kuyinto enengqondo ukuyenza. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lukwenza kucace ukuthi akuyona nje indlela abantu abasabela ngayo ekuhlangenwe nakho okuhlosiwe. Esikhundleni salokho, esikudingayo ukungenelela ukuze siguqule imodeli yengqondo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, inkolelo yalokho okungenzeka ngekusasa.

Inselelo yethu ukuthi imvelo yomuntu ijwayele ukugxila esikhathini samanje, hhayi ikusasa. Ngokufanayo, sivame ukukhetha izimiso ezisekelwe emibonweni yengqondo yemiphakathi yethu. Ukwethembeka kwethu okuthile kungaholela ekuqinisekiseni ukuchema, okuwukuthambekela kwabantu ngabanye ukuhumusha nokuhlunga ulwazi ngendlela esekela imibono yabo yangaphambili noma imibono ecatshangelwayo. Abantu bavame ukungaziba noma bangabongi kahle ulwazi olwethulwa emathubeni, okuhlanganisa izibikezelo zemvula yesizini nokunye okuguquguqukayo okuhlobene nesimo sezulu. Akugcini lapho, kodwa futhi sivame ukugwema isenzo phambi kokungaziwa. Konke lokhu kuthambekela komuntu okungokwemvelo kwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukuqedela izivumelwano zesifunda, zamazwe amabili, kanye nezamazwe ngamazwe eziklanyelwe ukulindela ikusasa elishintshayo.

Pho singenzani? Ukushaya abantu phezu kwekhanda ngedatha kanye nezibikezelo mayelana nokuthi ulwandle luzoba kuphi ngo-2100, nokuthi i-chemistry yalo izoba yini ngo-2050 nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezizobe zingasekho akukhuthazi isenzo. Kufanele sabelane ngalolo lwazi ngokuqinisekile, kodwa ngeke silindele ukuthi lolo lwazi lulodwa luguqule ukuziphatha kwabantu. Ngokufanayo, kufanele sixhumane nomphakathi wabantu mathupha.

Siyavuma ukuthi imisebenzi yabantu ithinta kabi lonke ulwandle nokuphila okukulo. Kodwa-ke, asikabi nakho ukuqonda okuhlangene okusikhumbuza ukuthi ngamunye wethu unendima ethile empilweni yakhe. Isibonelo esilula kungase kube ukuthi umbhemi osogwini okhipha ugwayi wakhe esihlabathini (awushiye lapho) wenza kanjalo ngobuchopho obuzenzakalelayo. Kudingeka ilahlwe futhi isihlabathi esingaphansi kwesihlalo sifanelekile futhi siphephile. Lapho ephonselwa inselelo, obhemayo angase athi, “Isinqe esisodwa nje, singaba yini ingozi? Kodwa akusona isinqe esisodwa njengoba sonke sazi: Izigidigidi zezinqamu zikagwayi zijikijelwa nje ezitshalweni, zikhukhulwe emiseleni yeziphepho, futhi zishiywe emabhishi ethu.

Pho lolu shintsho luvelaphi? Singanikeza amaqiniso:
• Izinqamu zikagwayi ziyimfucuza evame ukulahlwa emhlabeni wonke (4.5 trillion ngonyaka)
• Izinqamu zikagwayi ziwuhlobo lukadoti oluvame kakhulu emabhishi, futhi izinqamu zikagwayi AKUKHO ukubola.
• Izinqamu zikagwayi zikhipha amakhemikhali anobuthi anobuthi kubantu, ezilwaneni zasendle futhi angangcolisa imithombo yamanzi. *

Pho singenzani? Esikufunda kulo mbiko weBhange Lomhlaba wukuthi kufanele kwenze kube lula ukulahla wezinqamu zikagwayi (njengesikhwama somlotha sephakethe sika-Surfrider esibonakala kwesokudla), dala izinkomba zokukhumbuza ababhemayo ukuthi benze okufanele, kwenze into wonke umuntu abone abanye beyenza ukuze babambisane, futhi sikulungele ukucosha izinqe ngisho noma singakwenzi lokho' t ngibheme. Okokugcina, kufanele sithole ukuthi singahlanganisa kanjani isenzo esifanele kumamodeli engqondo, ngakho isenzo esizenzakalelayo yisona esilungele ulwandle. Futhi leso isibonelo esisodwa sokuziphatha okudingeka sikushintshe ukuze sithuthukise ubudlelwano bomuntu nolwandle kuwo wonke amazinga.

Kufanele singene kokungcono kakhulu esinakho ukuze sithole imodeli yokucabanga phambili enengqondo kakhulu esisiza ukuthi siqinisekise ukuthi izenzo zethu zihambisana namagugu ethu futhi izindinganiso zethu zibeka phambili ulwandle.

* I-Ocean Conservancy ilinganisela ukuthi inani le-nicotine elithathwe izihlungi ezingu-200 lanele ukubulala umuntu. Isinqe esisodwa sinamandla okungcolisa amalitha angu-500 amanzi, okuwenza angaphephile ukuwasebenzisa. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi izilwane zivame ukuzidla!

Isithombe esingukhiye nguShannon Holman