Okungapheli Okungaziwa: I-Climate Geoengineering

Ukwephula I-Climate Geoengineering Ingxenye 1

Ingxenye 2: Ukususwa kwe-Ocean Carbon Dioxide
Ingxenye 3: Ukuguqulwa Kwemisebe Yelanga
Ingxenye 4: Ukucabangela Izimiso Zokuhle, Ukulingana, Nobulungisa

Iplanethi iyathola ngokusondelana ukweqa umgomo wesimo sezulu womhlaba wonke wokunciphisa ukufudumala kweplanethi yonke ngo-2℃. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuye kwaba nokugxila okwengeziwe ku-geoengineering yesimo sezulu, kuhlanganiswe nezindlela zokususa isikhutha Iningi lezimo ze-IPCC.

Asenze Isipele: Iyini iClimate Geoengineering?

Isimo sezulu geoengineering ukusebenzisana ngamabomu kwabantu nesimo sezulu soMhlaba emzamweni wokuhlehlisa, ukumisa, noma ukunciphisa imithelela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Okwaziwa nangokuthi ukungenelela kwesimo sezulu noma ubunjiniyela besimo sezulu, i-climate geoengineering izama uku ukunciphisa amazinga okushisa omhlaba ngokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwemisebe yelanga noma yehlisa i-atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) ngokubamba nokugcina CO₂ olwandle noma emhlabeni.

Ukuphuthuma okuzungeze inkinga yesimo sezulu kuholele ocwaningweni nasezenzweni mayelana ne-geoengineering yesimo sezulu - ngisho nangaphandle kokubusa okusebenzayo okusebenzayo.

Amaphrojekthi we-climate geoengineering azoba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside emhlabeni, futhi adinga a Ikhodi yokuziphatha yesayensi neyokuziphatha. Lezi zinhlelo zizothinta umhlaba, ulwandle, umoya, nabo bonke abathembele kulezi zinsiza.

Ukuphuthuma ezindleleni ze-geoengineering yesimo sezulu ngaphandle kokubona kusengaphambili kungase kubangele ukulimala okungahlosiwe nokungenakulungiseka kuzinhlelo zemvelo zomhlaba. Kwezinye izimo, amaphrojekthi we-climate geoengineering angase enze inzuzo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphrojekthi iphumelele kangakanani (isibonelo ngokuthengisa amakhredithi kumaphrojekthi angaqinisekisiwe nangavunyelwe ngaphandle kwelayisensi yomphakathi), ukudala izisusa ezingase zingahambelani nokuhlosiwe kwesimo sezulu somhlaba. Njengoba umphakathi womhlaba uphenya imiklamo ye-climate geoengineering, ukufaka nokubhekana nokukhathazeka kwababambe iqhaza kulolu hlelo kumele kubekwe phambili.

Okungaziwa kanye nemiphumela ebingahlosiwe engaba khona yephrojekthi ye-geoengineering yesimo sezulu igcizelela isidingo sokungafihli kanye nokuziphendulela. Njengoba amaningi alawa maphrojekthi egcwele umhlaba wonke, adinga ukugadwa futhi azuze umthelela omuhle ongaqinisekiswa kuyilapho kulinganisa ukukaleka nezindleko - ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulingana nokufinyelela.

Okwamanje, amaphrojekthi amaningi asesigabeni sokuhlola, futhi amamodeli adinga ukuqinisekiswa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kwezinga elikhulu ukuze kuncishiswe okungaziwa nemiphumela engahlosiwe. Ukuhlolwa kolwandle kanye nezifundo kumaphrojekthi we-climate geoengineering kunqunyelwe ngenxa yobunzima bokuqapha nokuqinisekisa impumelelo yamaphrojekthi afana ne isilinganiso kanye nokuhlala njalo kokususwa kwe-carbon dioxide. Ukwakhiwa kwekhodi yokuziphatha kanye namazinga kubalulekile ukuthola izixazululo ezilinganayo enkingeni yesimo sezulu, ukubeka phambili ubulungiswa bezemvelo kanye nokuvikelwa kwemithombo yemvelo.

Amaphrojekthi we-climate geoengineering angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko.

Lezi zigaba ziyi ukususwa kwe-carbon dioxide (CDR) kanye nokuguqulwa kwemisebe yelanga (SRM, ebizwa nangokuthi ukuphathwa kwemisebe yelanga noma i-solar geoengineering). I-CDR igxile ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokufudumala komhlaba ngokombono wegesi ebamba ukushisa (GHG). Amaphrojekthi afuna izindlela zoku ukunciphisa i-carbon dioxide njengamanje emkhathini futhi uyigcine ezindaweni ezifana nezitshalo, ukwakheka kwamadwala, noma inhlabathi ngezinqubo zemvelo nezinjiniyela. Lawa maphrojekthi angahlukaniswa abe yi-CDR esekwe olwandle (ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi yasolwandle noma i-mCDR) kanye ne-CDR esezweni, kuye ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nendawo yokugcina isikhutha.

I-SRM iqondise ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke ngombono wokushisa nemisebe yelanga. Amaphrojekthi we-SRM abheka ukuphatha ukuthi ilanga lihlangana kanjani nomhlaba ngokubonisa noma ukukhulula ukukhanya kwelanga. Amaphrojekthi ahlose ukwehlisa inani lokukhanya kwelanga elingena emkhathini, ngaleyo ndlela ehlise izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu.

Kumabhulogi alandelayo kulolu chungechunge, sizohlunga amaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela besimo sezulu abe yizigaba ezintathu, sihlukanise iphrojekthi ngayinye “njengeyemvelo,” “imvelo ethuthukisiwe,” noma “imishini namakhemikhali”.

Uma ibhangqwe nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, amaphrojekthi we-climate geoengineering anamandla okusiza umphakathi womhlaba wonke ukunciphisa umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela ebingahlosiwe yokuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu yesikhathi eside ihlala ingaziwa futhi inamandla okusongela i-ecosystem yeplanethi yethu kanye nendlela thina, njengababambiqhaza boMhlaba, esisebenzisana ngayo neplanethi. Ibhulogi yokugcina kulolu chungechunge, I-Climate Geoengineering kanye Nolwandle Lwethu: Icabangela Izimiso Zokuziphatha, Ukulingana, Nobulungiswa, igqamisa izindawo lapho ukulingana nobulungisa bekugxiliswe khona kule ngxoxo emsebenzini odlule we-TOF, nalapho lezi zingxoxo zidinga ukuqhubeka njengoba sisebenzela ekuqondeni ikhodi yokuziphatha eqondwa emhlabeni wonke neyamukelwayo yesayensi yamaphrojekthi we-geoengineering sezulu.

Isayensi nobulungiswa kuhlangene enkingeni yesimo sezulu futhi kubukwa kangcono ngokuhambisana. Lo mkhakha omusha wocwaningo udinga ukuqondiswa yikhodi yokuziphatha ephakamisa ukukhathazeka kwabo bonke ababambiqhaza ukuze bathole indlela elinganayo eya phambili. 

I-Climate geoengineering yenza izithembiso ezihehayo, kodwa ibeka izinsongo zangempela uma singacabangi imithelela yayo yesikhathi eside, ukuqinisekiswa, ukukala, nokulingana.