I-Catch Shares: Hhayi Inhlamvu Yesiliva Abayilindele

Ekuphishekeleni izinhloso zethu zokukhulisa impilo yasolwandle sibe sivikela imiphakathi edobayo, i-Ocean Foundation isebenze isikhathi eside futhi kanzima nabanye abasiza kwezokongiwa kwasolwandle ukuxhasa uxhaxha lwamathuluzi okuphatha ulwandle nezindawo zokudoba, kusukela ngoMthetho ka-1996. ngempela yenziwe.

Nokho, siya ngokuya sikhathazeka ngawo kanye ukuthambekela komuntu, lapho sibhekene nezinkinga zalolu bukhulu nobunkimbinkimbi, ukufuna “inhlamvu yesiliva” ehehayo. one Isixazululo esizofeza ukusimama kwezomnotho, ezemvelo, kanye nenhlalo emizamweni yokudoba emhlabeni jikelele. Ngeshwa lezi zixazululo "zomlingo", nakuba zithandwa ngabaxhasi bezimali, izishayamthetho futhi ngezinye izikhathi abezindaba, azisebenzi ngendlela esingathanda ngayo, futhi zihlala zinemiphumela engahlosiwe.

Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngezindawo ezivikelwe zasolwandle—kulula ukubona inzuzo yokubekela eceleni izindawo ezinothile ngokukhethekile, ukuvikela izindawo ezifudukayo, noma izindawo zokuzalanisa ezaziwayo ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka—ukuze kusekelwe izingxenye ezibalulekile zemijikelezo yokuphila kwezidalwa zasolwandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindawo ezinjalo ezivikelwe azinakwenzeka “ukusindisa izilwandle” zizodwa. Kudingeka zihambisane namasu okuphatha ukuze kuhlanzeke amanzi agelezela kuzo, ukunciphisa ukungcola okuvela emoyeni, emhlabeni, nasemvuleni, kucatshangelwe ezinye izinhlobo ezingase zibe sengozini lapho sigxambukela nemithombo yazo yokudla noma izilwane ezizidlayo. , kanye nokukhawulela imisebenzi yabantu ethinta izindawo zokuhlala ezisogwini, eduze nogu kanye nolwandle.

Isu “lenhlamvu yesiliva” elifakazelwe kancane kakhulu, kodwa eliduma ngokwandayo ilelo lezilinganiso ezidluliswayo ngazinye (ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-ITQ, ama-IFQ, i-LAPPS, noma amasheya okubamba). Leli sobho lama-alfabhethi labela izinsiza zomphakathi, okungukuthi indawo ethile yokudoba, kubantu abazimele (kanye nezinkampani), nakuba ngokubonisana nemithombo yesayensi mayelana “nokudotshwa” okunconyiwe okuvunyelwe. Umbono lapha ukuthi uma abadobi “bengabanikazi” bezinsiza, khona-ke bayoba nezikhuthazo zokugwema ukudoba ngokweqile, ukunqanda ulaka lwabo kwabaqhudelana nabo, kanye nokusiza ukuphatha izinsiza ezivikelwe ukuze ziqhubeke isikhathi eside.

Kanye nabanye abaxhasi bezimali, siye sasekela ama-ITQ abenokulinganisela kahle (ngokwemvelo, kwezenhlalo nangokwesiko nangokwezomnotho), siwabheka njengokuhlola inqubomgomo ebalulekile, kodwa hhayi inhlamvu yesiliva. Futhi sakhuthazwa ukubona ukuthi kwezinye izindawo zokudoba eziyingozi kakhulu, ama-ITQ asho ukuziphatha okuyingozi kwabadobi. Nokho, asikwazi kodwa ukucabanga ukuthi njengomoya, izinyoni, impova, imbewu (eshu, sishilo lokho?), njll., ukuzama ukuthola ubunikazi phezu kwezinsiza ezigudlukayo, ezingeni eliyisisekelo, awanangqondo ngandlela thile. , futhi leyo nkinga eyisisekelo ibangele ukuthi eziningi zalezi zinhlelo zobunikazi bezakhiwo zidlale ngendlela edabukisayo kubo bobabili abadobi nezinhlanzi.

Kusukela ku-2011, Suzanne Rust, intatheli ephenyayo ye I-California Watch futhi Isikhungo Sokubika Okuphenyayo, ubelokhu ephenya izindlela ukusekelwa kwe-philanthropic kwe-ITQ/amasu okubamba amasheya okungenzeka ukuthi empeleni alimaze imiphakathi ethembele ekudobeni futhi ahluleka ukufeza imigomo yokongiwa kwemvelo. Ngo-March 12, 2013, umbiko wakhe, Uhlelo luguqula amalungelo okudoba e-US abe yimpahla, incisha abadobi abancane wakhululwa. Lo mbiko uyavuma ukuthi, nakuba ukwabiwa kwezinsiza zokudoba kungaba yithuluzi elihle, amandla ako okwenza uguquko oluhle anomkhawulo, ikakhulukazi ngendlela ewumngcingo osekusetshenziswe ngayo.

Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi “amasheya okubanjiwe,” naphezu kwezibikezelo ezinhle ezivela kochwepheshe bezomnotho, ahlulekile ezindimeni zabo ababethi 1) isixazululo sokongiwa kwemvelo, njengoba inani lezinhlanzi liqhubekile nokwehla ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-ITQs/amasheya okubanjiwe, kanye 2) a ithuluzi lokusiza ukusimamisa amasiko asolwandle endabuko kanye nabadobi abancane. Kunalokho, umphumela obungahlosiwe ezindaweni eziningi kuye kwaba ukwanda kwebhizinisi lokudoba ezandleni zezinkampani nemikhaya embalwa enamandla kwezombangazwe. Izinkinga zomphakathi kakhulu ezindaweni zokudoba ama-cod eNew England ziyisibonelo esisodwa sale mikhawulo.

Ama-ITQ/Izabelo Zokubamba, njengethuluzi ngokwazo, azinazo izindlela zokubhekana nezindaba ezinjengokongiwa kwemvelo, ukulondolozwa komphakathi, ukuvimbela ukuzimela, kanye nokuncika kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Ngeshwa, manje sisabambekile nalezi zinhlinzeko zokwabiwa kwezinsiza ezilinganiselwe ezichibiyelweni zakamuva zoMthetho we-Magnuson-Stevens.

Ngamafuphi, ayikho indlela ebalulekile ngokwezibalo yokubonisa ukuthi ama-ITQ adala ukongiwa kwemvelo. Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi amasheya okubanjiwe adala izinzuzo zezomnotho kunoma ubani ngaphandle kwama-quasi-monopolies avela uma ukuhlanganiswa sekwenzekile. Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi kunezinzuzo zemvelo noma zebhayoloji ngaphandle uma ukudoba kuncishisiwe futhi umthamo oweqile usuyekiwe. Nokho, kunobufakazi obuningi bokuphazamiseka komphakathi kanye/noma ukulahleka komphakathi.

Esimweni sokuncipha komkhiqizo olwandle olwandle, kubonakala kungavamile ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi namandla siphenya ngemininingwane emincane yesici esisodwa senqubomgomo yokuphatha izindawo zokudoba. Nokho, njengoba sifuna ukujulisa ukubaluleka kwamanye amathuluzi okuphatha ezokudoba, sonke siyavuma ukuthi ama-ITQ adinga ukuba yithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu angaba yilo. Ukuqinisa ukusebenza kwayo, sonke sidinga ukuqonda:

• Yiziphi izindawo zokudoba okungenzeka zidotshwe ngokweqile noma eziwohlokayo ngokushesha kangangokuthi lezi zinhlobo zemihlomulo yezomnotho sekwephuze kakhulu ukugqugquzela ubuphathi, futhi kungase kudingeke sivele sithi cha?
• Sizigwema kanjani izikhuthazi zomnotho ezihlanekezelwe ezidala ukuqiniswa kwemboni, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, ukubusa okunamandla kwezepolitiki nokumelana nesayensi, okufana nokwenzeka ku-de facto quota engu-98% ephethwe yimboni yezinkampani ezimbili i-menhaden (aka bunker, shiner, porgy)?
• Ungayichaza kanjani imithetho ngendlela efanele yokubiza ama-ITQ amanani ngendlela efanele kanye nokuvimbela imiphumela engahlosiwe yezenhlalo, ezomnotho kanye nezemvelo? [Futhi lezi zinkinga kungani amasheya okubambisa enengxabano e-New England njengamanje.]
• Siqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi izinkampani ezinkulu, ezixhaswa kangcono, nezinamandla kwezombusazwe ezivela kwezinye izindawo aziyivaleli imikhumbi yabanikazi bamabhizinisi abaxhumene nomphakathi ekudobeni kwendawo yabo yokudoba?
• Zihlelwa kanjani noma yiziphi izikhuthazo zezomnotho ukuze kugwenywe izimo ezingase zibangele izimangalo "zokuphazamiseka kwenzuzo yezomnotho," noma nini lapho ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nezinhlobo zezilwane noma ukuncipha kwenani eliphelele lokubanjwa okuvunyelwe (TAC) kuba isidingo sesayensi?
• Yimaphi amanye amathuluzi okuqapha kanye nenqubomgomo okufanele siwasebenzise ngokuhambisana nama-ITQ ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi umthamo omkhulu oweqile esinawo ezikebheni zokudoba nezimpahla awushintshi nje uye kwezinye izindawo zokudoba nezindawo?

Umbiko omusha ovela ku-Centre for Investigative Reporting, njengeminye imibiko eminingi ecwaningwe kahle, kufanele wenze izinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo zasolwandle kanye nemiphakathi edobayo inake. Esinye isikhumbuzo sokuthi isixazululo esilula kakhulu cishe ngeke sibe esingcono kakhulu. Indlela yokufeza izinhloso zethu zokulawula ukudoba okusimeme idinga izinyathelo ezilandelanayo, ezicatshangelwayo, ezihlanganisa izindlela eziningi.

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